Living Environment Research Articles

Reviving the Urban Core: Ludhiana City, Punjab, India

The urban cores are considered as the most crucial clusters of the contemporary urban cities as they are the foremost economic growth poles that cater to the needs of the city population. These clusters are facing urban development issues like congestion, longer travel distances and time, pollution, etc., hence, transforming into a non-livable environment. Smart development has been identified as a world-wide solution to the existing urban development issues which focuses on promoting a sustainable and livable environment with the integration of ICT; acts as an implementation tool. Ludhiana; regarded as the Manchester of India, is the most industrialized city of the northern India. The city has a strong economic base due to the presence of commercial hub and small and large manufacturing industries which have acted as a catalyst for rapid urbanization. The city has witnessed immense population growth over the last 5 decades which has led to issues such as pollution, environment degradation,, emergence of slums and failure of physical and social infrastructure; thus failing to be a livable city. The paper intends to identify the urban development issues in Ludhiana city core and provide appropriate strategies based on the Smart Development principles.

Investigating the Patterns and Dynamics of Urban Green Space in China’s 70 Major Cities Using Satellite Remote Sensing

Urban green space (UGS) plays a pivotal role in improving urban ecosystem services and building a livable environment for urban dwellers. However, remotely sensed investigation of UGS at city scale is facing a challenge due to the pixels’ mosaics of buildings, squares, roads and green spaces in cities. Here we developed a new algorithm to unmix the fraction of UGS derived from Landsat TM/ETM/8 OLI using a big-data platform. The spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of UGSs were examined for 70 major cities in China between 2000 and 2018. The results showed that the total area of UGS in these cities grew from 2780.66 km2 in 2000 to 6764.75 km2 in 2018, which more than doubled its area. As a result, the UGS area per inhabitant rose from 15.01 m2 in 2000 to 18.09 m2 in 2018. However, an uneven layout of UGS occurred among the coastal, western, northeastern and central zones. For example, the UGS percentage in newly expanded urban areas in the coastal zone rose significantly in 2000–2018, with an increase of 2.51%, compared to the decline in UGS in cities in the western zone. Therefore, the effective strategies we have developed should be adopted to show disparities and promote green infrastructure capacity building in those cities with less green space, especially in western China.

The Role of Regenerative Design in The Sustainability of Educational Buildings

Sustainability is a holistic meaning that has been addressed by many studies in many respects but has agreed to achieve a human-friendly environment, which cannot be sustained without integration with natural ecosystems to reduce the consumption of natural resources needed to sustain life without compromising the ability of subsequent generations. One of the requirements for achieving a livable environment is a healthy lifestyle. The surrounding physical and natural environment affects the health of its users. Attentional fatigue and lack of concentration are the most important negative effects of the health of contemporary society in general and the users of educational buildings in particular, as a result of the continuous daily pressures to which they are exposed, showing the consequences of multiple psychological and physiological diseases. Hence, the research adopted to address the problem of increasing levels of tension and stress among users of educational buildings, assuming that the utilization of regenerative design mechanisms in educational buildings could reduce the levels of tension and fatigue, and increase the stimulation of attention, which is represented by the self-organization of the place). The results of the research proved the effective role of the mechanisms of spatial self-regulation in the manufacturing of regenerative health spaces.

Preface

List of Editors and Organizers are available in this pdf.XXIII International Scientific Conference on Advance in Civil Engineering “CONSTRUCTION - THE FORMATION OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT” (FORM-2020) will be held from September 23 to September 26, 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The Conference is co-organized by National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, University of Architecture Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi Architectural University.The Conference has been held for 23 years and traditionally brings together researchers around the world working in the most relevant areas of construction science. The main aims of the Conference are to provide the sustainable innovative development of the construction industry, to preserve the continuity of scientific schools, to form a new level of training professional staff, and to strengthen scientific and business contacts.

School Safety in Terms of Occupational Safety Practices of Human Resources Management

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul güvenliği uygulamaları ve sorunlarına ilişkin yönetici ve öğretmen görüşlerini belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma modelinde yürütülen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Bolu il merkezi devlet okullarında çalışan 15 öğretmen ve 15 yönetici oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış, içerik analizi ve betimsel analizle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcılar, okulların güvenli bir ortam olması için fiziksel alanların güvenli hale getirilmesi, nöbetçi öğretmen-öğrenci ve güvenlik görevlisi görevlendirilmesi vb. görüşler belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu okulların güvenli ve yaşanabilir bir ortam olması konusunda sorunlar yaşanmadığını, yapılanların yeterli olduğunu belirtirken, bir kısmı da sorunların üstesinden gelmek için bilgilendirme ve rehberlik toplantıları/konferansları yapma, görüşünü belirtmiştir. Bununla birlikte mevzuat ve yasalardaki eksiklik, yetki yetersizliği dile getirilen görüşler arasındadır. Sorunların çözümüne yönelik yapılan öneriler ise toplantı ve konferansların daha sık yapılması, sevgi, saygı ve hoşgörü ortamının artırılması, okul güvenlik görevlisi sayısının artırılması, diğer kurumlarla işbirliği, fiziksel yeterliliklerin artırılması, yetkilerin artırılması vb. şeklindedir.

The Impact of Mother's Living Environment Exposure on Genome Damage, Immunological Status, and Sex Hormone Levels in Newborns.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare for the first time IL-6 (Interleukin 6), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) levels, their ratio (E/T), micronucleus (MN), and nuclear bridge (NB) frequency between newborns with regard to their mother’s residency and diet. Our results should enable an assessment of the possible environmental endocrine effects and interaction between biomarkers, pointing to possible associated health risks. Methods: Fifty full-term newborns of both sexes, whose mothers were healthy and not occupationally exposed to any known carcinogen, were analyzed. All of the mothers filled in a detailed questionnaire. Results: The results showed significantly higher levels of E in newborns of mothers with agricultural residency than those born by mothers with urban residency. Significantly, lower levels of E were measured in newborns of mothers who drank milk and carbonated beverages more frequently. Testosterone was significantly higher in boys of mothers with agricultural residency than from mothers with urban residency. Residence and other parameters had no impact on the difference in MN frequency. IL-6 levels were higher in newborns of mothers with agricultural residency. NB levels were significantly associated with E. A significant association between E levels and IL-6 was found. Conclusion: Our results were the first to show a significant impact of the mother’s agricultural residency and diet on their newborns’ sex hormone and IL-6 levels and their association.

중국노인의 주거 및 지역사회환경이 우울에 미치는 영향: 도시와 농촌의 비교

중국노인의 주거 및 지역사회환경이 우울에 미치는 영향: 도시와 농촌의 비교

Teaching and Learning Methods of the Inquiry-Based Environmental Education Program for Elementary School Students to Solve Living Environment Problems

이 연구는 초등환경교육의 교수·학습 방법으로 탐구 중심 환경교육을 활용하여 초등학생을 대상으로 생활환경 문제 해결을 위한 교육프로그램을 개발함으로써 초등학교 현장에서 환경교육을 효과적으로 구현하고자 수행하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2009 개정교육과정을 반영한 5∼6학년(군) 실과 6종 교과서의 환경교육 관련 내용과 2015 개정교육과정 실과총론의 환경교육 관련 내용을 분석하여 환경교육 내용영역과 시사점을 추출하였으며, 이를 토대로 초등 환경교육을 위한 탐구 중심 환경교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 준비-탐구 계획서 작성-탐구 수행 및 결과 분석-통찰적 이해-탐구의 확장의 5단계 모형을 구안하였다. 개발된 교수·학습 프로그램을 실과 교과 시간을 통해 지도하고, 환경 주제 중심으로 교과 간에 통합하여 창의적 체험활동 시간에 활용하거나 환경 동아리 시간에 활용할 수 있는 실행 방안을 제시하여 수업현장에서 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 5∼6학년(군) 실과 교과서의 환경교육 관련 내용을 권진희 외(2017)의 전통생태지식을 활용한 초등환경교육 분류 체계를 바탕으로 환경 주제를 선정하고, 탐구 중심 환경교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 둘째, 개발된 탐구 중심 환경교육 프로그램은 실과 시간, 창의적 체험활동시간, 환경 동아리 활동 시간에 활용할 수 있다. 셋째, 탐구 중심 환경교육을 활용한 초등환경교육은 학습자 중심의 능동적인 학습을 이끌어 내어 환경에 대한 학습자의 관심과 동기를 유발하고, 일상적인 생활환경 문제에 대한 관심과 타인과의 의사소통을 통해 창의적인 문제 해결력을 향상시키는데도 기여를 할 것이다. 결론적으로 탐구 중심 환경교육을 활용한 환경교육은 학습자 중심의 능동적인 학습 활동을 통해 문제를 해결하는 과정을 통해 고등 사고력과 창의적 역량을 기를 수 있는 좋은 예시자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.The purpose of this study is to contribute to implement effective environmental education at the elementary school by developing educational programs for elementary school students to solve their living environment problems by using inquiry-based environmental education through teaching and learning method for elementary environmental education. To achieve the purpose of the study, the environmental education related contents of the five to six grade and six types of practical arts textbook reflecting the 2009 revised elementary school curriculum and the 2015 revised elementary school practical arts curriculum were analyzed. Based on those, the contents of environment education and its implications were extracted, and the inquiry-based environmental education program was developed for elementary environmental education. The conclusions obtained from this study is as follows. First, environmental subjects were selected based on the classification system for elementary environmental education using traditional ecology knowledge of Kwon et al.,(2017) and the inquiry-based environmental education program was developed. Second, the inquiry-based environmental education programs can be used for regular classes hours, creative experiential activities hours and environmental club activities. Third, the elementary inquiry- based environmental education program will be effective in achieving the goal of environmental education by bringing active learning to the learner-centered, inducing learner s interest and motivation to the environment, and will also contribute to improving their creative problem-solving skills through daily life environment problems and communication with others. In conclusion, environmental education using inquiry-based environmental education can be a good example of developing higher thinking skills and creative capabilities through the active learner-centered learning.

Association between architectural parameters and burden of tuberculosis in three resettlement colonies of M-East Ward, Mumbai, India

ABSTRACT Architecture and planning play an important role in ensuring good light and ventilation to provide a healthy and livable environment. To investigate the strength of association between structural factors of slum resettlement colonies buildings and the burden of tuberculosis (TB), a questionnaire-based semi-quantitative survey of 4080 households was carried out in three resettlement colonies (Lallubhai Compound, Natwar Parekh Compound and PMG colony) with questions on architectural patterns, socioeconomic details as well as occurrence of TB in any member of the household. Computational modelling for Sky View Factor, Daylight Autonomy and Natural Ventilation in the houses of all three colonies was also performed. The results show that lower floors do not have access to sufficient light and ventilation in the living area. Occurrence of TB was strongly associated with lower floor of the house, closed or only partially openable windows, lack of exhaust fans as well as the built environment of the houses. The study also traced back the poor conditions of light and ventilation to the relaxations in development control regulations given to rehabilitation buildings. The study recommends better planning and architecture measures to bring improvements in housing and avert a public health crisis.

Integral Elements of Residential Liveable Environments: Private Gardens

Integral Elements of Residential Liveable Environments: Private Gardens

ASSESSMENT OF VEGETATION COOLING EFFECT ON THE SURROUNDING THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN BLOCK SCALES

Abstract. The growing coverage of impervious surfaces within cities has resulted in a decrease in vegetation areas, which in turn has caused the temperature increase in urban region. It has proved that vegetation plays an important role in mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects such that the city managers and planners have paid more attention on how to plan green lands in city planning related projects. This paper focuses on the detection of the mean land surface temperature (LST) change in residential blocks in Changchun where citizens are have common daily lives. Then, according to the interactive extraction of high spatial resolution images, the regions with great changes in Changchun city during 2016 and 2019 are analyzed and compared with the average surface temperature of each block. According to statistical methods, the mitigation effect of the green space on the plot was obtained. It is helpful for city managers or planners to create a livable environment for citizens.

Evaluating Sustainable Liveable City via Multi-MCDM and Hopfield Neural Network

Research on liveable cities has received increased attention in recent years because of the complexity and diversity of liveability standards. Evaluating the liveable environment is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, and the results can be used to control environmental pollution and protect human health. However, different evaluation methods can lead to different results; hence, determining how to effectively to obtain the consistent results is a main consideration of this study. The objective of this work is to design an optimal method based on the difference ratio concept. A hopfield neural network is selected to validate the experimental results. Referring to the liveable city rankings established by the Economist Intelligence Unit, thirteen large cities in China are used to illustrate the application of the model, evaluate the liveable urban environment, and demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model. The results show that Hangzhou is the most liveable city and Beijing has the worst liveable urban environment. Therefore, a common policy should be strengthening environmental governance, with a special focus on the development of low-carbon cities, for which both the local and global environmental impacts could be mitigated.

Gamified Kit That Will Raise Children's Environmental Awareness And Reduce Visual Pollution in Urban Landscapes

In today's world, more than half of the population lives in cities, and the amount of solid waste increases in parallel with the worldwide population increase. Cities face the problem of waste and recycling, which affects their image and causes visual pollution for the landscape, and efforts are being made to solve this problem. Conscious societies go from large scale to small scale solutions, from trash exchanges from other countries to modifying trash cans in the city. In order to maintain awareness, as well as adults, the education of environmental awareness of today's children who are adults of the future should be given great importance. In the study; BeTo kit was designed as a product concept based on sustainable awareness philosophy in order to provide solutions to these problems and to reduce visual pollution. This kit, which will be distributed to elementary classes, is a fun way to teach elementary school students how to sort and recycle garbage with gamification technique in collaboration with Retake Rome. Retake Rome is a movement of citizens, non-profit and non-party, engaged in the fight against degradation, in the enhancement of public assets and in the diffusion of civic sense in the territory. In the operation of the system, BeTo kit will be distributed to schools and waste will be separated and collected. The kit is designed to improve the sustainability of the livable environment and the visuality of the landscape. The kit designed for this application will contribute to product designers, environmental engineers, landscape architects, ecologists, primary school educators and other related disciplines in the studies to be conducted on the basis of improving the sustainability of the habitable environment and the visuality of the landscape in urban areas. In addition, it is thought that the proposed application will serve as a basis for municipalities and other city stakeholders for physical, social, and ecological studies in urban areas in the future. Key words: Sustainable environment, visual landscape, urban area, education, iot. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-02-03

Establishment of Smart Living Environment Control System

Establishment of Smart Living Environment Control System

Group Layout Pattern and Outdoor Wind Environment of Enclosed Office Buildings in Hangzhou

This paper presents a study of the effects of wind-induced airflow through the urban built layout pattern using statistical analysis. This study investigates the association between typically enclosed office building layout patterns and the wind environment. First of all, this study establishes an ideal site model of 200 m × 200 m and obtains four typical multi-story enclosed office building group layouts, namely the multi-yard parallel opening, the multi-yard returning shape opening, the overall courtyard parallel opening, and the overall courtyard returning shape opening. Then, the natural ventilation performance of different building morphologies is further evaluated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software Phoenics. This study compares wind speed distribution at an outdoor pedestrian height (1.5 m). Finally, the natural ventilation performance corresponding to the four layout forms is obtained, which showed that the outdoor wind environment of the multi-yard type is more comfortable than the overall courtyard type, and the degree of enclosure of the building group is related to the advantages and disadvantages of the outdoor wind environment. The quantitative relevance between building layout and wind environment is examined, according to which the results of an ameliorated layout proposal are presented and assessed by Phoenics. This research could provide a method to create a livable urban wind environment.

The role of Female Movement Champion (PKK) as the social glue in urban community planning: Case study applied research of “Kota Layak Anak”Program

Sustainable Development Goals Number 11 initiates the existence of sustainable cities and communities. Creating this sustainable, livable, and harmonization between city and community should consider the multi-direction of development in response to dynamic change. It can be a top-down or bottom-up process. Participatory methods become a backbone for urban communities to build a livable environment in the micro-scale of planning. It can be shown from the existence of female champions such as members of the PKK group lead many community programs in household neighborhoods. This study wants to describe the female cadre’s participatory action through the program Kota Layak Anak and analyzing to what extent the role of female cadre as a glue for the community to maintain the collectiveness among them. This article is applied research when data collecting base on information and observation through community activity. It also adds by content analysis as a comparison. We like to capture and analyze regard to the female champion and its relatedness with the urban community. The existence of female champion is significant to city planning to preserve social cohesion. Not only as a driving force for the collective program but also become a social glue among the community.

Adaptive reuse to concept of land use planning and design. Case study: Independent integrated city in Morowali, Central Sulawesi

Re-adaptation is a method of controlling the use of space, it is also related to and applies to regional regulations regarding the spatial plan of Morowali Regency which is determined as an independent integrated City area in Bungku. The trend of land use at the independent integrated city, Bungku Central Zone, until now functionally has experienced many developments. The main function of the region since its inception was developed as a Regional Government Centre. Sustainability as an important concept in the 20th century has defined “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations” by the World Commission on Environment and Development. In architecture sustainability is characterized as a system which investigates the relationships between the built environment and human being, economical usage of sources and reuse activities, contributes to form liveable environments, improve life quality and provide continuity. Adaptive reuse is one of the sustainable architecture components is seen as an issue to be handled as sustainable resource usage. The sustainability understanding – which has a goal considering the balance of economic growth with conservation – aims to prevent the destruction and disappearance of cultural assets and improve by conserving.

Social reengineering of rubbish management (a case study on Jebres rubbish bank in Solo City, Indonesia)

This research aimed to build a rubbish-conscious community movement and to utilize the rubbish to obtain an economic advantage. This study was an action research using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approach. The subject of research was people living in Jebres, Solo City. Data were collected through interview, focus group discussion, participatory observation, and documentation. Education of People Consciousness and Skill for rubbish management was conducted using reduce, reuse, recycle and replant (4R) principles. The activity stage involved socialization on rubbish bank revitalization, reinforcement of institution capacity, and stakeholder network expansion. The expansion of customers involved people surrounding the rubbish bank (general society and those living in the boarding house) and campus of Sebelas Maret University. Institution network involved kresek community, Solo City Government (Kelurahan Jebres, Living Environment Office), Perusahaan Umum Pegadaian (General Pawnshop Company), and mass media. The result of action research showed that people’s consciousness of utilizing rubbish improved thereby the effect of environmental pollution was reduced. Consciousness grew among the people to save the rubbish economically by converting wastes into precious metal (gold), and they motivated to benefit from the rubbish which so far considered as waste only.

The World of Russian Province: A Scientific Problem and Living Environment

The World of Russian Province: A Scientific Problem and Living Environment

Ecological pattern of urban forest landscape of Ji'nan City, China

The ecological pattern research on urban forest landscape is the foundation and premise of urban forest system planning and urban ecological construction, as well as an important way of optimizing urban spatial structure, giving full play to urban forest ecological function and creating ecological and livable environment. Ecological pattern of urban forest landscape in built-up area of Ji'nan city was quantitatively analyzed and the corresponding optimization countermeasures were put forward through quantitative analysis and gradient analysis of the overall landscape ecological pattern by RS and GIS technology with 10 landscape indices at patch level and landscape level. The results showed that urban forest coverage rate in built-up areas was 15.8%. At the landscape level, the overall landscape ecological pattern of urban forest showed following patterns: relatively complete types of urban forest landscape patches, greater degree of landscape fragmentation, different area of various types of urban forest, large major patches, and highly connected same patch types. At the level of patch type, the ecological public welfare forest was dominated by large patches. The shape of scenic recreational forest was regular and dominated by large and medium patches. The shape of road forest and subsidiary forest was complex and dominated by small patches. The production and management forest was lacking. At the level of patch type, landscape recreational forest was the dominant type, ecological public welfare forest patch area was the largest, road forest and ancillary forest fragmentation was large. At the level of landscape, urban central forest landscape fragmentation was large, human interference was serious, and landscape shape was complex. Based on the analysis of the ecological pattern of urban forest landscape, we proposed the construction scheme of Ji'nan urban forest ecological network, which was "one ring, two networks, three four axes, and multi-point chessboard". Such scheme would help strengthen the connectivity of various types of urban forests and exert overall ecological benefits of large-scale ecosystems.