ABSTRACT The article examines the evolving landscape of literary translation in an era in which artificial intelligence has been developing rapidly. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with literary translators from English into Czech, we demonstrate how their professional identity is reshaped by the tension between three interconnected dimensions: the pursuit of the sense of purpose and recognition, the systemic vulnerability of the profession, and everyday negotiations. We introduce the concept of negotiation between the sense of purpose and the system of cultural work and develop an analytical sense-system-negotiation model to examine how GTs amplify the already-existing pressures on literary translation. Considering it a model example of cultural work, we seek to contribute to a broader debate on how creative workers negotiate the value, identity, and future of their professions in the context of the ever-widening application of GTs.

Numerical phrases usually refer to expressions where the common part is extracted when describing several similar things, with a number prefixed to the word. This form avoids redundancy caused by overly long texts, making expressions concise, powerful, and highly expressive. This study takes the original texts and official translations of numerical phrases in the 2019-2023 Government Work Report (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") as the corpus, and explores the translation strategies of numerical phrases through literature research and self-built corpus methods. Through the construction and retrieval of the self-built corpus, it is found that the translation of numerical phrases in the Report mainly includes five methods: literal translation, literal translation with paraphrasing, free translation, ignoring and not translating, and modifying translation. This study provides references for researchers and translation learners engaged in political text translation, and makes up for the shortcomings of existing studies to a certain extent.

ABSTRACT The translations of the folk literary work entitled The Epic of Baeuqloxdoh have attracted considerable attention in China, with three English-translated versions available. This article probes into their international dissemination, demonstrating that the translations by Australian scholar D. Holm have gained significant recognition in the receiving literary culture, whereas those by Chinese translators remain marginal within the same context. To interrogate this disparity, we integrate insights from Genette’s paratextual theory and Bourdieu’s sociology to explore how paratexts contribute to the reception and how their creation is conditioned by the capital accumulated by patrons and agents. Based on the findings, we suggest that when translating Chinese ethnic minority folk literature, Chinese translators should consider the importance of paratextual mediation for its international dissemination, and domestic patrons and agents should cooperate with foreign counterparts as the latter often possess forms of capital more readily convertible within the target literary field.

Exploring AI’s performance in literary autobiography translation: how closely do AI models match human translation

Generative AI offers a new approach to the cross-cultural translation of Chinese classical philosophical texts, yet its performance in English translation of aphoristic works integrating Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist connotations with poetic and philosophical features demands targeted examination. Taking The Roots of Wisdom as the research subject, this study constructs a three-dimensional evaluation framework of fidelity, readability and aesthetic quality. With the generative AI Doubao as the core object and the classic English translations by Zhou Wenbiao and Paul White as references, it systematically analyzes Doubao’s C-E translation performance from three dimensions: cultural element transformation and interpretation, linguistic style and expression, and cultural value transmission, with theoretical interpretation based on literary translation’s defamiliarization theory and cultural translation perspective. The findings reveal that Doubao’s translations have good readability with standardized grammar and natural English expression, but they suffer from simplified cultural images and comprehension deviations in translation. Restricted by the algorithm’s routinization logic, it fails to restore the original’s concise classical charm, weakening literariness. Moreover, it cannot deeply convey the core Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist philosophies like human translators, leading to superficial cultural connotation transmission. This study holds that Doubao can act as an efficient auxiliary translation tool for classical philosophical texts, but its translations require targeted human revision in cultural connotation, linguistic style and value transmission for cross-cultural communication. This study further provides case references and optimization ideas for the practical application and quality improvement of generative AI in C-E translation of classical literary texts.

This study investigates how literary translation influences reader interpretation through the dual mediating mechanisms of psychological impact and cognitive engagement, while also examining how cultural context moderates these relationships. Drawing on data collected from 471 university students across five culturally distinct regions of China, the study applies a multilevel moderated mediation model to assess both emotional and cognitive processing pathways. Results show that literary translation significantly affects reader interpretation indirectly via both psychological and cognitive routes. Importantly, the strength of the emotional pathway is contingent upon cultural context: readers from culturally congruent backgrounds exhibit stronger emotional resonance, which enhances interpretation outcomes. However, the cognitive engagement route remains consistent across cultural settings. These findings highlight the complex interplay between translation quality, reader psychology, and cultural proximity, offering new insights into the contextual sensitivity of translated literary experiences.

The translation of advertising texts is a multifaceted process that transcends simple linguistic substitution, requiring a deep integration of semiotics, cultural studies, and marketing psychology. This article explores the specific translation transformations employed when rendering English advertising content into the Uzbek language. Given the structural divergence between English (an analytic language) and Uzbek (an agglutinative language), as well as the profound cultural differences between Western and Central Asian consumer markets, literal translation often fails to preserve the persuasive impact of the original message. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis of various global and local brand campaigns, this study identifies and categorizes the most effective transformation strategies, including transposition, modulation, adaptation, and transcreation. The findings suggest that successful advertising translation in the English-Uzbek pair is primarily governed by functional and pragmatic equivalence, where the target text is reconstructed to evoke a specific emotional response in the Uzbek-speaking audience.

“Heijin” (the literal translation from Chinese being “Black Gold”) seal stone represents a unique variety of sulfur-rich, dickite-dominant jade, yet its mineralogical genesis and structural properties remain insufficiently characterized. This study utilizes a multi-analytical approach comprising polarized light microscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), and Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) to investigate the phase composition, crystalline order, and thermal evolution of this material. The results demonstrate that “Heijin” stone is primarily composed of highly ordered 2M1 dickite with a Hinckley index (HI) ranging from 0.92 to 1.50. Its distinctive black appearance originates from the disseminated distribution of micrometer-scale pyrite, which is accompanied by trace amounts of svanbergite. This aluminum phosphate–sulfate (APS) mineral serves as a critical indicator of high sulfur fugacity and acidic hydrothermal alteration environments. Furthermore, a significant correlation exists between the crystalline order of dickite, its micro-morphology, and its thermal stability. Samples characterized by high crystallinity (HI ≈ 1.50) exhibit well-developed, euhedral book-like aggregates and elevated dehydroxylation temperatures (Tm ≈ 665 °C), whereas samples with lower crystalline order correspond to fragmented microstructures and reduced thermal stability. This research defines the mineralogical identity of “Heijin” stone and provides a scientific basis for employing thermal analysis to evaluate the crystalline quality of dickite-based jade materials.

This article analyses the translation of idioms in two Ukrainian versions of Eleanor Porter’s “Pollyanna”. It examines strategies like literal, equivalent and descriptive translations, noting their dependence on context and stylistic colouring. Difficulties arose from cultural nuances and the novel’s educational tone. a comparison of Maria KarnaukhShurpik’s and Yevhen Pliasetsky’s translations reveals distinct priorities: stylistic adaptation versus content accuracy. Both translations show successful adaptations and instances of simplification. Neither is ideal, as the choice of strategy hinges on the translator’s goal. This study identifies effective idiom translation methods for teaching and further research, emphasizing the need for careful consideration to preserve the stylistic and cultural richness of the original text.

Poetry is a form of literature that depends on artistic images to express emotions, feelings, attitudes, etc. It is, however, assumed that poetry is a difficult genre to translate, since some of the poet's feelings, emotions, and visualizations are untranslatable despite the translator’s professionalism and experience. This study aims to shed light on the translatability of the figures of speech in Moore’s English translation of Qabbani’s Arabic poem, ‘Letter from Under the Sea'. The ST and its translation are compared, analyzed, and discussed to see how figures of speech are rendered. Moreover, twenty native speakers of English were surveyed to see how they perceive the aesthetic effect of the poem, taking into consideration that they had no idea that the poem was a translation from another language. Throughout the analysis, it is found that figures of speech are translatable, but the degree of the aesthetic effect is distorted, thereby affecting the poem’s artistic and poetic images. The findings indicate that, while meaning is preserved in translation, the aesthetic effect of figures of speech is often diminished, underscoring the need for creativity-oriented, culturally informed translation strategies. The study highlights the partial un/translatability of figurative language in Arabic–English poetry and emphasizes the importance of sensitivity to aesthetic and imagistic dimensions beyond semantic equivalence. It also contributes to translation studies by providing insights into readers’ aesthetic reception, with implications for translator training, literary translation practice, and future research.

This paper investigates the potential of visual modeling as an effective means of overcoming language barriers and enhancing intercultural communication in the education of international students. It is argued that mathematical visualization constitutes a universal instructional method that facilitates the comprehension of physical processes and supports the learning of higher mathematics, physics, and technical disciplines. Graphical and dynamic models are shown to serve as essential cognitive supports that enable students to assimilate complex physical and mathematical concepts irrespective of their level of proficiency in the language of instruction. The relevance of this issue remains particularly pronounced in higher education institutions working with international student cohorts. Instructors frequently encounter communication challenges arising from students’ insufficient command of the Ukrainian language as well as from disparities in their prior mathematical preparation. Within this context, the article examines the didactic potential of visual modeling as an instructional approach for teaching international students. Emphasis is placed on the role of mathematical visualization – including tables, graphs, diagrams, vector representations, and dynamic geometric model – as a universal language of instruction that reduces the cognitive load imposed by language barriers. This reduction facilitates understanding and contributes to the improvement of teaching and learning processes in physical, mathematical, and technical disciplines. Teaching experience in international student groups demonstrates that the systematic use of visual models significantly decreases the time required to explain new material and enhances students’ success in problem-solving during practical classes. This effect is attributed to the fact that students rely on visual representations and conceptual understanding rather than on literal translation of problem statements. Visual mathematical models represent a powerful tool for pedagogical adaptation in an international educational environment. They function as a “communication bridge,” enabling students to concentrate on the conceptual content of the subject rather than on linguistic difficulties. The integration of visual models into the educational process contributes to the creation of conditions necessary for the acquisition of robust and sustainable knowledge essential for the professional development of future specialists

The article discusses the problems of digital interlingual literary communication related to the verification of the quality of digital literary translation. The proposed innovative reference expert metric "verbal habitus equivalence" helps to overcome the evaluative arbitrariness determined trough analyzing examples of expert and arbitrary assessment of the digital literary translation quality. This metric is based on the verification of the quality of digital literary translation of the verbal repertoire of a particular character, when there are translated conventional speech patterns of a particular social group. In the course of a comprehensive linguistic examination of a digital literary translation, including a habitus analysis using the innovative metric "verbal habitus equivalence" and comparing the analysis results it with a reference translation of a literary text, the quality of digital literary translation is verified both at the level of segments (verbal macro- and microhabituses) and of the entire source text.

This study explores the phenomenon of untranslatability in Arabic-English translation, focusing on culturally embedded gharīb lexemes such as karāmah, ḥayāʾ, barakah, qadar, and ṣabr. The research highlights that these terms embody layers of moral, spiritual, and theological meanings that resist literal transfer into English. Using qualitative semantic and cultural analysis, the study demonstrates that untranslatability arises from the deep intertwining of language and worldview in Arab-Islamic culture. The findings reveal that literal translation often leads to semantic loss, while adaptive strategies—such as explanatory paraphrase, partial retention, and footnoting—better preserve meaning and cultural integrity. The study concludes that translators must act as intercultural mediators, employing interpretive and context-based approaches to convey the spiritual essence of Arabic gharīb lexemes. Ultimately, untranslatability is not absolute but negotiable through culturally informed translation practices.

In Italy, modern theories of translation have recently developed, and occasionally reference has been made to a "special path" regarding the Italian discourse on translation. From an overview of the tendencies since about 1960, it emerges that most studies and reflections in Italy concern literary translation and many scholars reject the idea that a theory of translation should exist. However, research has early on succeeded in overturning the traditional idealistic prejudice of "untranslatability", developing an aesthetic approach which puts the accent on translation as part of the reception processes of literary texts. During the last few decades, the discussion on translation has caught up with tendencies in other macro cultures, being increasingly influenced by linguistics and mostly semiotics. Today, the reflection on translation in Italy is multi-faceted but continues to be characterized by specific focuses and interests, especially on literary translation.

Language discordance in surgical care is a structural driver of inequity that affects patient safety, trust, and outcomes. Emerging interpreter technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and remote video interpretation (RVI), are rapidly entering clinical settings. However, implementation decisions are often made without understanding how patients themselves perceive these modalities or whether they view them as replacements or complementary tools within their care. To explore Spanish-speaking surgical patients’ perceptions of AI- and RVI-based interpreter technologies, and to understand how clinical context influences modality preferences, the author team conducted a descriptive concurrent mixed-methods study within a U.S. academic health system, enrolling 23 adult patients with Spanish language preference across the surgical continuum. The patients did not choose a single preferred modality; instead, they expressed context-dependent needs. AI was viewed as advantageous for its speed, privacy, and literal translation in straightforward or time-sensitive scenarios. RVI was favored for emotionally complex conversations and cultural nuance. Across narratives, patient agency emerged as a dominant theme. These findings support the development of a multifaceted language access infrastructure in which AI and remote human interpreters are deployed synergistically based on clinical sensitivity, urgency, and patient preference.

The aim of the study is to substantiate the possibilities of using musical interpretations of an original poetic work in teaching poetic translation to students of language-related programs. The research material included George Gordon Byron’s poem “She Walks in Beauty” and two of its English-language musical interpretations used in the pedagogical experiment. The study involved students divided into an experimental group and a control group. The analysis of students’ translations and questionnaire data made it possible to identify how musical accompaniment influences the perception of poetic imagery, emotional tone and prosodic structure, and how it stimulates more varied and expressive translation decisions. The scientific novelty of the study lies in substantiating the pedagogical potential of musical interpretations in teaching literary translation and in clarifying how the inclusion of musical material can support the development of creative skills and enhance the quality of the classroom interpretation of poetic works. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating musical material into translation training and can be used in designing methods for teaching poetic translation.

This study explores the linguistic, cultural, and ideological challenges faced the interpreters in translating politically sensitive speeches, focusing on the case of former U.S. President Barack Obama’s 2008 victory speech in Chicago. Employing a qualitative comparative analysis, the research examines simultaneous Arabic translations provided by Al Jazeera and Sky News Arabia, identifying the strategies used and their impact on meaning and reception. The findings highlight that interpretation is influenced by cultural contexts, ideological nuances, and linguistic constraints, with literal translation often compromising meaning fidelity. Through discourse and thematic content analysis, the study shw the necessity for interpreters to balance accuracy and cultural sensitivity. Insights from this research contribute to improving interpreter training for politically charged and inspirational speeches, advancing practices in diplomacy and media translation.

The translation of historical texts presents unique challenges, especially when conveying the cultural, historical and linguistic features of the original work. This article examines the translation methods used in the translation of Baburnama, the memoirs of Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, focusing on literal translation, dynamic equivalence and cultural substitution. By analyzing different translation strategies, the article highlights how these methods affect the accuracy, readability and cultural authenticity of historical texts. Through the case study of Baburnama, this research underscores the importance of balancing linguistic precision and accessibility to ensure the original context and essence are preserved for modern audiences.

The Arabic magazine al-Karmel operated as the cultural, intellectual, and literary arm of the Palestinian Revolution.[i] Published by the General Union of Palestinian Journalists and Writers and edited by the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish and the Syrian-Kurdish writer Salim Barakat, al-Karmel focused on the relationship between politics and literature, as well as on the engagement of writers with the revolutionary causes of the moment. In search of aesthetic models, al-Karmel turned towards Latin America, where the Boom writers appeared to have resolved the question of commitment in literature. In this paper, I present and discuss the inclusion of Latin American writers and intellectuals in al-Karmel. Which Latin American writers do we find on the pages of al-Karmel and who were they translated and interviewed by? I examine how, through literary translation, the exchange of ideas, and the creation of networks of intellectuals that appeared on the pages of al-Karmel, the struggles and political conflicts that were taking place in both the Arab world and Latin America intersected and dialogued.

Many English collocations—words that typically occur together—are often perceived as having direct equivalents in Arabic and have become established in the repertoire of Modern Standard Arabic, leading to their literal translation. This article aims to examine these Arabic counterparts of English collocations to determine whether they have always functioned as standard equivalents or whether, historically, such collocations were translated in more varied ways across different stages of English–Arabic translation. In doing so, the study introduces a historical perspective to English–Arabic collocational translation—an area that has been largely examined from synchronic or pedagogical perspectives—and demonstrates how translation practices have contributed to the shaping of Modern Standard Arabic. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of a corpus of forty English–Arabic translations, primarily from the twentieth century, the findings show that many collocations now perceived as direct equivalents were initially rendered through diverse translation strategies, and that translation practices gradually shifted toward greater literalism and the stabilisation of specific Arabic–English collocational correspondences