Literary Tradition Research Articles

Ukrainian Refugees’ Differentiated Treatment: A Critical and Systematic Review

ABSTRACTThis review examines the distinct treatment of millions of displaced Ukrainians amidst the ongoing conflict, compared to previous refugee groups in Europe, presenting a synthesis of research encompassing traditional and grey literature. Evaluating resettlement processes, the analysis underscores the unique factors shaping Ukrainian refugees' reception, shedding light on disparities compared to other refugee groups. Cultural perceptions, vulnerability, demographics and the framing of Russia as a common adversary influence responses from individuals, organizations and nations in unprecedented ways in Western societies. The discussion critically dissects these findings, proposing the concept of ‘promising victimhood’ for a nuanced understanding of differential treatment, while urging further theoretical development. This concise systematic review serves as a crucial benchmark for both academics and policymakers, emphasizing the need to address systemic injustices in refugee reception across various levels and sectors.

On the (un)suitability of literature for moral education

AbstractIn this article, I defend moral aesthetic cognitivism, the view that literature is a valuable source of insights related to morally relevant aspects of our world and that it can significantly contribute to our moral education. I am in particular concerned with counterarguments to this view voiced by Greg Currie, who trashes epistemological foundations of literature and emphasizes the lack of empirical corroboration of cognitivism, and by Peter Lamarque, who dismisses educative potential of literature on the account of readers' incapacity to extract morally relevant judgements about the world from literary works. I rely on examples from literary tradition to rebuild the epistemological framework underlying cognitivism and on contemporary insights from moral psychology to show that our engagements with literature are permeated with moral reflections that are valuable for our moral education.

CAN AUTOMATIC POETRY GENERATION INFUSE VALUES? UNVEILING INSIGHTS THROUGH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GENERATED POETRY

This research examines the value underlying poetry created by artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to uncover the complex interaction of religious, philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic values presented in poetry. Eighteen poems generated by three different AI platforms were analyzed using the content analysis method to identify their social values. The results of this research demonstrate the presence of (1) religious values by revealing the AI’s ability to explore traditional and cultural barriers, highlighting themes of spirituality and faith, (2) philosophical values through the exploration of questions of human existence and the nature of reality, showing the AI's capacity to engage with deep existential themes, (3) ethical values by promoting concepts of unity, fairness, and justice, reflecting deeper humanistic perspectives and societal ideals, and (4) aesthetic values by showcasing an interest in the influence of technology and a profound admiration for the natural world's wonders, integrating modern innovation with timeless beauty. In conclusion, AI-generated poetry successfully captures a broad spectrum of human values, enriching literary traditions and intellectual discussions. This intersection of AI and poetry not only highlights technological advancements in creative fields but also opens new avenues for exploring how machines can contribute to cultural and artistic expressions, fostering a deeper understanding of the human condition and societal values.

Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Cerpen Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas Karya I Made Sugianto

Short stories are cases of modern Balinese literature which cannot be separated from traditional Balinese literature which must be taught more deeply and the values ​​contained therein are applied. In this research, the short story entitled Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas will be studied. This short story contains a very good meaning for teaching children to care about the environment. The aim of this research is to determine the intrinsic elements and values ​​of character education contained in the short story Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The data collection methods used were interviews, literature and documentation. The results obtained from the short story Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas are intrinsic elements such as; theme, namely environmental heroes, incidents, namely there are ten incidents, there are three settings, namely place setting, time setting, and socio-cultural background, characters and characterization are divided into two, namely main characters and additional characters, the plot used is a mixed plot, the message contained in This short story states that we as Balinese people should be able to develop and preserve the existence of plants so that the island of Bali becomes shadier. The character education values ​​contained in this research are; honest, disciplined, hardworking, creative, independent, curious, appreciates achievements, friendly/ communicative, likes to read, cares about the environment, and is responsible.

Communist Prison Camps as Sites of Memory and Legacies of Dissent: Belene and Goli Otok in Bulgarian and Croatian Cultural Memory

This article investigates how two Communist forced labour camps, Belene in Bulgaria and Goli Otok in Croatia, became sites of memory and remain icons of political repression and state-organized torture. The article discusses how the public memory of the two camps has been shaped through vivid depictions in former inmates’ memoirs and in works of fiction. It analyzes recent debates about the preservation and institutionalization of these sites of memory and about what, whom, and how to commemorate. As a further step, it investigates how the camp sites have attracted visitors interested in so-called dark tourism. The article explores the creation of a literary tradition of memory by tracing the writings that have helped to establish Belene and Goli Otok as sites of memory of political repression in Bulgaria and Croatia, and it examines the processes involved in the construction of the physical sites as heritage sites and tourist attractions.

Title of the Manuscript the phenomenon of Ma Baoguo under the Use and Gratification Theory

The multi-form self-media technology has expanded the speed of media culture and the sharing of social information resources. The development of science and technology promotes the diversification of media communication, the rapid development of information and the deep integration of society has provided a new resource development. The phenomenon of Ma Baoguo is a society culture which uses martial arts as a symbol from the perspective of Use and Gratification theory. Under the network platform as the medium and, using pseudo-shaped traditional cultural concepts as the form of expression, the phenomenon of Ma Baoguo spreads a ugliness and entertainment of society by using the way of information commercialization thinking image. through the Use and Gratification theory, the phenomenon of Ma Baoguo is an epitome of traditional Chinese literature under the imbalance of rapid economic development and cultural diversity, which highlights the crack between the traditional and modern culture represented about Chinese martial arts under the embarrassing and contradictory situation. The impact of non-mainstream rational values and irrational mainstream entertainment thinking is a group phenomenon under the diversified information.

ARABIC POETRY IN TIMBUKTU DURING THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES: A MODEL STUDY

The written Arabic literary tradition of the Malian desert in West Africa remains largely unknown to the region's inhabitants and the wider Arab and Islamic world. Despite its distance from the traditional centers of Arabic poetry in the Arabian Peninsula, this literature deserves far more attention than it has received. Unfortunately, it has not been given the scholarly consideration it deserves in the research and studies conducted on this country, which could reveal its unique characteristics as a form of Malian African literature written in Arabic and its undeniable value regarding its scientific, cultural, and historical significance. The people inhabiting the Malian desert, including the Soninke, the Berbers, and particularly the Tuareg tribes, developed an Arabic sensibility and literary flair, leading them to compose works in various genres, including religious, linguistic, and literary texts, all at a high level. They also served as living models for others when writing poetry in classical Arabic. The literary renaissance in the northern Malian region emerged in the first half of the 19th century, spearheaded by poets from prominent Arab tribes such as the Tuareg, the Ansar, and the Kunta, as well as their disciples and the 20th century witnessed the rise of numerous poets who excelled in various literary fields. Tuareg poets have written on different subjects, including love, praise, elegy, description, satire, supplication, and prayer. Their poems incorporate many rhetorical and stylistic devices and are characterized by their beauty and sweetness of style.

The Ascendancy of Video Games: Can They Eclipse Literary Works?

This article investigates the factors contributing to the rise of video games and their potential to surpass literature in narrative expression. By examining extensive research on the intersection of video games and literature, the study dissects their complex interrelationships, mutual impacts, and shared evolution. Video game narratives, often inspired by literary predecessors, have become increasingly complex and engaging, drawing on literary techniques and non-linear storytelling methods from postmodernism and metafiction. These narratives challenge players to actively construct meaning, enhancing emotional resonance through character development, evocative prose, and carefully crafted dialogue. Technological advancements have played a crucial role in the evolution and rising popularity of video games, offering immersive, interactive experiences that empower players to shape the narrative and storyline, contrasting with literature, which relies on the reader's imagination and interpretation. The future of storytelling is likely to be shaped by the ongoing interplay between video games and literature. The integration of literary techniques and interactive elements across these mediums will continue to evolve, resulting in innovative hybrid entertainment forms that leverage the strengths of both literature and video games. This dynamic interaction ensures a diverse and vibrant future for storytelling, reflecting the multidimensionality of human creativity and imagination. As video games continue to incorporate more sophisticated literary techniques and storytelling methods, they become more capable of delivering rich, nuanced narratives that rival those found in traditional literature. This evolution opens up new possibilities for hybrid forms of storytelling that combine the best elements of both video games and literature. By embracing these hybrid forms, creators can push the boundaries of narrative expression and create new, immersive experiences that engage audiences in ways previously unimaginable. The article concludes that the future of storytelling lies in the continued convergence of video games and literature, promising a diverse and dynamic landscape that celebrates human creativity and imagination in all its forms.

Robust optimization approaches in inventory management: Part A—the survey

This work, the first part (Part A) of a comprehensive study, presents a survey on Robust Optimization (RO) in inventory management, highlighting its role in addressing uncertainties. This survey reviews various modeling frameworks, types of uncertainties, decision-making criteria, and decision rules essential to RO. The subsequent part (Part B) offers a comparative study, analyzing robust inventory models and highlighting key analytical and numerical contributions. This survey critically evaluates the effectiveness of RO in managing model uncertainty, enhancing decision-making processes, deriving structural insights, and boosting computational efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the limitations and challenges of applying RO to inventory management. While acknowledging the foundational role of traditional inventory literature in establishing essential theories, optimal policies, and efficient algorithms, this article addresses a significant gap by focusing on inventory management through the lens of RO methodology. Together with the comparative study, these works encapsulate the current state of robust inventory management, shedding light on future research directions and ongoing challenges in this evolving field.

Oil Palm Plantation Expansion and Population Problems: An Explanatory Factor for Deforestation in Indonesia

Deforestation in Indonesia remains a significant issue due to various factors. This article reveals the impact of demographic variables on deforestation, using oil palm plantation expansion as a case study. The study applies Hunter's model, considering population dynamics and intermediate variables, namely science and technology, institutions, policies, and culture. Through traditional literature review methods, demographic data and field research results from 2010 to 2020 were elaborated, focusing on Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The findings underline that Indonesian rapid population growth drives high consumption rates. Additionally, the development of oil palm plantations is faced with high demand for CPO, policies that attach too much importance to investment, and agrarian deregulation. All these intermediate variables are visible through the agricultural expansion as a pattern of agricultural development. The massive expansion by private companies resulted in a change in the socio-ecological landscape. In addition, there are dilemmas in the villager's livelihood system, such as shifting traditional livelihood bases, livelihood dualism, the emergence of new vulnerabilities, and land grabs. In order to realize sustainable palm oil development, we suggest governance reforms at the global, national, and local levels.

Research on Stock Selection Strategies Based on the Basic Value of Stocks Based on Buffett's Theory

The paper presented is highly significant as it explores the applicability and effectiveness of Warren Buffett's stock value investing theory in China's A-share market. By employing five key indicatorsdividend yield, debt-to-asset ratio, ROE, net profit growth rate, and the 200-day moving average (MA200), the paper attempts to adjust the values of these indicators to construct a model. This model is tested on the Chinese A-share market to verify its universality and effectiveness. Ultimately, the author concludes that the stock value investing theory is practical in the Chinese market, although the numerical values differ significantly from those recommended in traditional Western literature. Specifically, the return on equity (ROE) within a specific parameter range yields better returns, which are a quarter lower than the values mentioned by Buffett; the forecasted net profit growth rate for the coming year shows a slight negative correlation with excess returns within a certain range; and the latest balance sheet debt-to-asset ratio and dividend yield are positively correlated with excess returns within a specific range.

The Landscape of the Battlefield

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the description of the battlefield found in the poem Varadāmbikāpariṇaya or “The Marriage of Varadāmbikā,” composed in verse and prose (campū) by Tirumalāmbā, a poetess active at Acyutadevarāya’s court, and most likely his wife. The detailed accounts of war campaigns, with depictions of marching troops and battles, concern the figure of Acyutadevarāya’s father, Narasa Nāyaka, whom the authoress calls King Narasiṃha. The verbal portrayal of the battle against the Chola ruler is particularly striking. It is unlikely to find in other works of kāvya literary tradition a similarly dazzling compilation of images painting a word picture of the battleground by means of objects and situations belonging to a sphere of human life so different from the deadly combat.

Mass Mobilization, Elite Competition, and Diversionary Use of Sanctions

Abstract How does the domestic environment affect a government's incentives to use coercion against another country? Traditional diversionary literature indicates that governments facing internal pressures will initiate military actions overseas to improve popularity. I argue that struggling governments are more inclined to employ economic sanctions over military force because of lower cost and political risk. I further posit that when governments encounter nonviolent protests and strong competition in the legislature, they have more incentives to initiate sanctions. Foreign sanctions are used to project sanctioning leaders’ competence and increase national cohesion. I test the empirical implication of the argument on a sample of 137 countries from 1975 to 2005. The multinomial logit results show that diversionary use of sanctions is more likely when incumbents face maximalist nonviolent mobilization and higher legislative opposition, but these domestic challenges do not prompt military actions. This study presents a domestic explanation for sanctions initiation; it also casts doubt on the conventional predictions that beleaguered governments will resort to the use of force.

Mannerist Literary Concert in 88 Fragments: Over the Book by Nadija Rebronja 88

The paper deals with Nadija Rebronja’s book 88, which is conceived as 88 piano keys or fragments. The paper recognizes some important links that this book establishes with the mannerist literary tradition, as understood and explained by Gustav René Hocke in his widely acknowledged books Mannerism in Literature and The World as a Labyrinth. Instead of opening up to the totality of all things, 88 resembles a mannerist work that closes itself into its own artistic reality and questions the place that literature and art occupy in today’s world. The paper also deals with the implications that arise from the connection Nadija Rebronja establishes with the tradition of magic(al)realism, particularly regarding the construction of motivational systems and their relation to the phenomenon of magic in this book. By utilising the concepts of simultaneity and catalogue, 88 relates to the tradition of the Russian avant-garde, as understood by Aleksandar Flaker. It is also shown that a reassessment, a significant avant-garde procedure, holds an important place in the 88, since the author re-evaluates the figure of travel and a topos of the town square in relation to classical literature. This reassessment is linked to the tradition of hikaye, instructive stories that have come from the Islamic tradition, as well as a farce - a literary form based on reversal. The final part of this paper deals with the fragmentation in Nadia Rebronja’s88 which can be linked to the atomization within the mannerist literature and the avant-garde understanding of the world. It also explores the ways in which the world created in this book relates to,on the one hand,the “optimal projection” as one of the characteristics of the avant-garde, and the concept of utopia as an alternative to freethinking on the other.

THE INFLUENCE OF JAZZ AND BLUES ON AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE

This research paper explores the profound influence of jazz and blues on African American literature, highlighting their role in shaping themes, narrative techniques, and cultural expressions. Jazz and blues, with origins rooted in African traditions and their evolution in the United States, serve as cultural symbols representing the resilience, creativity, and spirit of the African American community. The Harlem Renaissance marked a significant intersection of music and literature, with key figures such as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Ralph Ellison incorporating musical elements into their works to explore themes of identity, struggle, resilience, and community.Langston Hughes' poetry, notably "The Weary Blues," captures the rhythmic and emotional depth of blues, while Zora Neale Hurston’s novels, including "Their Eyes Were Watching God," integrate musical elements and African American folklore. Ralph Ellison’s "Invisible Man" employs jazz influences to explore themes of identity and cultural expression. These works demonstrate how jazz and blues have shaped the narrative structures and thematic depth of African American literature.Contemporary African American writers continue this tradition, drawing on jazz and blues to enhance their storytelling. Toni Morrison’s "Jazz" and Jesmyn Ward’s "Sing, Unburied, Sing" exemplify the ongoing influence of these musical genres, using them to deals complex themes and preserve cultural narratives.The paper concludes that the interconnectedness of music and literature in African American culture is a testament to the community's rich artistic heritage. Jazz and blues are integral to the African American narrative, providing a soundtrack to the community’s experiences and enhancing the emotional and cultural depth of their literature. This relationship celebrates the past and inspires future generations, ensuring the enduring legacy of jazz and blues in African American literary tradition.

Come West, Young Woman: Jane Smiley’s Trailing Wives

ABSTRACT Jane Smiley’s regional novels offer more than the contemplation of an American landscape, enhanced by the labor of settlers and farmers. Instead, her novels critique both the hidden politics of settlement as well as the destructive legacy of “family” farms. In The All-True Travels and Adventures of Lidie Newton and Private Life, the acquisition of a wife is essential to a man’s Western quest. However, Smiley portrays these wives less as passive victims than as accomplices to their husbands’ misdeeds, holding them responsible for the consequences of their union. Smiley’s wives may ultimately achieve an awareness of their choices and their roles in history, but it is a pyrrhic achievement as they realize they cannot make amends for the harm their marriages caused others. This essay examines how The All-True Travels and Adventures of Lidie Newton and Private Life build on A Thousand Acres, forming Smiley’s critique of the foundational American myths of Western settlement. While her novels may fall within the literary traditions of domestic realism, Smiley’s female protagonists are more aware of the privilege embedded within their landscape and homes, fully acknowledging the harm their marriages caused others, deliberately revealing the ideologies entwined in marriage vows.

Literatur Review: Impact of Land Clearing for Palm Oil by Burning on Carbon Releases and Wildlife in Indonesia

Fires on palm oil plantations always occur in Indonesia, although they have decreased from 2015 to 2020. This happens because fires are a fast and easy way to clear and clear land. Fires in palm oil plantations can damage the environment and wildlife. Knowing the impact on the environment and animals, this article searches for and collects the results of previous research using traditional literature review methods. The literature review results show that oil palm was initially an ornamental plant brought from Africa, then cultivated in the Bogor Botanical Gardens. Successful cultivation is then developed into plantation crops that have the potential to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. This causes an increase in the need for land to cultivate these plants. This increase in land demand causes fires to occur in Indonesia which impacts the release of carbon and wildlife. Carbon released from vegetation fires causes air pollution which results in environmental damage. These fires can also harm wildlife due to loss of habitat and food sources. To reduce the impact of fires, recommendations are given to increase CPO production without having to open new land, which can potentially increase forest and land fires. The recommended method is a partnership with oil palm farmers. This can meet CPO production needs for local and international markets without having to open new concessions. This method can also be used as an alternative to help oil palm farmers manage crops and improve the community's economy.

NLP as Individual Programming:

The current study is an attempt to analyze two literary texts, namely William Shakespeare's play Hamlet and Bachtyar Ali's Kurdish novel The City of White Musicians, in the light of, neurolinguistics as an individual programming. These are from two distinct literary traditions that were picked because they essentially share the appearance of ghosts. To find out how these subtleties affect the reader's understanding, neurolinguistics is applied. Consequently, the paper's title was chosen. The texts serve as a sort of manual, and our goal is to identify the link that connects language and reason. These pieces are meant to affect the reader both while they are written and after. As a result, the influence is similar to programming and adheres to one of the core ideas of neurolinguistics, which will be covered in the introduction. The research tries to answer issues like The extent to which literary works' particular programming and neurolinguistics influence readers. Likewise, how "reaching success," one of the fundamental ideas of programming, is perceived. Moreover, Are there any similarities between the English and Kurdish texts in terms of neurolinguistics and personal programming? The methodology of the research is a thematic analysis method that is through studying the language and special terms from a variety of perspectives to illustrate the personal programming that is present in the texts and forms the main body of this study. One of programming's core principles is that success serves as a focus point for the procedures, according to the study's major findings. Additionally, self-criticism and the will to succeed are two other neurolinguistics foundations that are present in both texts.

The Criteria for Zakah Manager (Āmil Zakah), Qualification and Organizational Culture: A Review of Some Traditional Literature

Zakah is one of the pillars of Islam, which aims to be an instrument of equal distribution of income between the rich and the poor. In order to arrange, collect and distribute zakah property, it so called zakah manager (‘āmil) who works exclusively to take care of zakah. The command of a person who takes care of zakah is directly stated in the Qur'an (Surat At-Taubah [9]: 60). The role of zakah manager is one of the factors of success in the distribution of opinion in society. This paper aims to discuss in-depth analysis the criteria of zakah manager, it qualification and organizational culture in Islamic tradition. This paper is qualitative using documentation method in data collection. The review focuses specifically on the articles written in the areas of zakah management. It follows that the articles would be classified into four categories namely; the criteria for zakah manager, the appointement for zakah manager and its obligation, the qualification for zakah manager and its organizational culture.

THE STYLISTIC ORIGINALITY OF THE NOVEL “THE GLASS CASTLE” BY JEANNETTE WALLS

The article analyzes the linguistic and stylistic devices used by J. Walls which express the writer’s style of writing. The linguistic aspect of the writer’s creativity remains insufficiently studied since the researchers focused mainly on the literary aspect. The stylistics of the modern English language differs in a certain way from stable, traditional language forms. On the selected research material (Jannette Walls’s novel “The Glass Castle”) it can be seen that, over time, the allusions acquire a more modern character: in the mentioned novel, J. Walls refers not only to classic or ancient works (“Hercules”, “Lord of the Flies”) but even to more “simple” modern literature, children’s fairytale “The Wizard of Oz” by L. F. Baum. Allusion provides references and explanations that help the reader understand the meaning of symbols and places in the memoir. To enhance the effect, the writer sometimes uses jargon, vocabulary not inherent in traditional literature. J. Walls writes in such detail and uses so many images that the reader can visualize any described event. There is a lot of symbolism in the novel, and “The Glass Castle” is one of the most significant symbols of the work. It is also an extended metaphor for empty promises and false hopes. Comparison, which is used more often than any other stylistic means, makes the story real, bringing all the characters to life. Personification deserves special attention. Using this stylistic figure, the author reveals one of the main symbols of the novel – fire. As for Jeannette’s parents, they are frequently described with hyperbole. Thus, the use of certain stylistic means, their application, and their place in the novel plays an important role in creating a special and unique style of writing.