ABSTRACT R. F. Kuang's work of speculative fiction, Babel, Or, The Necessity of Violence, and Tammy Lai-Ming Ho's poetry collection, If I Do Not Reply, offer very different representations of protest movements led by Cantonese activists that bookend the long period of British colonial history in China. Ho has recently described the practice of reparation as not a “fix, but a reckoning. Not a rollback, but a restoration of meaning. To repair, we must return-not to the past, but to attention, to responsibility, to the slow, hard, beautiful work of saying: this matters”. Ho’s description of the practice of cultural reparation offers a vision of literature as a discourse and practice that enacts the attention and responsible reading necessary for reparative work around restorative justice. These works demonstrate how different literary genres complement each other in beginning the imaginative work of reparation. The article argues that Kuang’s Babel and its rendering of the “necessity of violence” can only take us so far in its deliberations. Placed alongside Ho’s collection of poems infused with testimony and bearing witness, the two works offer an expansive intertextual dialogue on the contexts, effects, and aftermath of violence that enacts the reflective practice of reparation.

Modeling thought disorder: Language network reconfiguration during experimentally manipulated narrative coherence – a single participant ultra-high field fMRI study

The study explored how OpenAI was used by the students in writing critiques, focusing on their experiences, opportunities, challenges and proposed rubrics for improving students' critique writing skills. This study is important because critical thinking skills and responsible AI use affect students' writing practice and general improvement. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, data were gathered from 10 third- year teacher education students at a private institution through unstructured interviews and focused group discussion. The findings showed that students used OpenAI to generate ideas, organize structures, improve sentence construction, and enhance academic language, which showed that opportunities existed. The study also revealed several challenges, such as reduced cognitive engagement, ethical and academic integrity, technical limitations, and occasional inaccuracies in generated outputs. To address these issues, rubrics as assessment tool was proposed that included ethical guidelines and collaborative activities. The study recommended guided integration of OpenAI and active participation by teachers and students to improve critique-writing skills. The main objective of this study is to explore the use of OpenAI in writing critiques and to identify the opportunities, challenges, and proposed a rubric as an assessment tool in improving students' critique writing skills. Hence, this study aimed to develop analytic rubrics entitled “ Rubrics as an Assessment Tool in Critique Writing” that helped teachers assess writing effectively, assisted students in responsible and ethical integration of OpenAI in different literary genres, encouraged originality and ensured that all students became confident and independent critique writers.

In the larger context of the Romanian discourse on translation supported by texts of theorists and practitioners, this paper focuses on the memoirs of two great translators, namely Antoaneta Ralian from English (Amintirile unei nonagenare: Călătoriile mele, scriitorii mei [Memories of a nonagenarian: My travels, my writers], 2014) and Irina Mavrodin from French (Despre traducere: Literal și în toate sensurile [On translation: literally and in all senses], 2006). Our aim is to show how their insights are valuable to anyone interested in (literary) translation as the two figures have massively contributed to the field ever since the communist period. Thus, we will begin by grasping at the genre and methodologies, and then proceed to Ralian’s and Mavrodin’s works, properly contextualizing them with the help of (academic) criticism, as well as interviews and articles in the cultural media. Our aim is to distinguish various and varied stances which afford several approaches to translation, in general and the literary genres in their reception process, in particular.

Social and emotional learning (SEL) represents a fundamental dimension of holistic education, fostering students’ emotional literacy, empathy, and interpersonal competence as essential outcomes of schooling. The study employed a quantitative content analysis to examine the extent to which elements of SEL were represented in selected Albanian language textbooks used in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth grades of basic education. The analysis focused on identifying explicit and implicit SEL components within textual and visual content, drawing upon the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL, 2020) framework as the analytical lens. A total of five textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education and Science were purposively selected based on their mandatory use in public schools during the 2021–2025 academic period. The units of analysis consisted of all lessons, reading texts, and accompanying illustrations. Each content item was examined for the presence of at least one of the five core SEL competencies: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. The identification process followed a structured coding protocol developed for this study, and all data were entered into Excel and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) to determine the proportion of SEL elements across grade levels and literary genres. This methodological approach ensured both descriptive and interpretative validity, providing insights into how SEL competencies were integrated into language learning materials and to what extent they reflected the principles of holistic education. The findings revealed a moderate presence of SEL elements, with social awareness and relationship skills more prominent, suggesting the need for a more balanced integration of all competencies in future textbook revisions.

Aim. To present the unique contribution of the outstanding world-renowned mathematician L. Euler to the development of Russian educational mathematical literature. Methodology. The study is based on an anthropological approach, which helps to review the study of history as a process created by humans as its primary subject and makes examination of educational mathematical publications possible due to the creativity of specific individuals. It also uses the historic method, which serves to identify the logic and periods of historical development. Results. The study established that L. Euler’s contribution to the development of domestic educational mathematics literature consisted in setting the task of creating a textbook that would implement an innovative for its time information model of a scientific discipline (arithmetic, algebra), the focus of which would be scientific rigor with strict evidence or practice-oriented presentation with a frequent absence of evidence-based reasoning (L. Euler proposed a compromise based on the principle of accessibility of training – the development of innovative manuals that had numerous methodological advantages), in the development of a mathematical theory that lays the foundation for the development of a textbook (in particular, on trigonometry), and in the use of L. Euler’s ideas by national authors of textbooks (S. Ya. Rumovsky, N. G. Kurganov, M. E. Golovin, N. I. Fuss). Research implications. This paper clarifies and expands our understanding of L. Euler’s contribution to the development of educational mathematics literature. It demonstrates Euler’s role in the creation of such a special genre of educational mathematics literature as a textbook, which serves as an information model for scientific discipline. T. S. Polyakova’s list of methodological merits of Euler’s educational publications has been expanded. Current understanding of N. G. Kurganov’s work as a successor to L. F. Magnitsky and Euler’s ideological follower has been refined. The results of the study can be used in developing lectures and practical classes for students and participants in advanced training courses for teaching staff and in the creation of modern domestic educational mathematics literature by academics and methodologists, which is extremely important in the context of the digitalization of textbooks. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of the history of mathematics education. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate the significant role of L. Euler in the development of Russian printed educational mathematics literature. During the initial development of educational mathematics publications, when the general dominant theme of educational mathematics books was being developed, L. Euler posed a major didactic and methodological challenge – finding a compromise between fundamentality and practical orientation.

In ‘Beyond the “Scholarship Boy” Paradigm: Autosociobiography and Social Mobility’, Friedman, Savage, and Spoerhase compellingly demonstrate the interdisciplinary reach of autosociobiography by examining what this literary genre can offer to sociological understandings of the ‘social mobility malaise’ in times of rising inequality. Drawing on the work and life of Annie Ernaux, I will argue that, despite recognising the possibilities that creative, literary, and cultural methods offer to sociological analyses of mobility, the authors stop short of engaging the radical potential of autosociobiography as an aesthetic form and mode of social critique. By engaging the semiotic meanings of autosociobiography only at a surface level – without sustained close reading – Friedman et al. overlook its political and aesthetic capacity to develop an ‘existential language’ that connects fraught and irreducible life stories to oppressive and unjust social structures. A more sustained engagement with the aesthetic and narrative devices of literary texts would not simply extend sociological analyses of social mobility, but reconfigure the terms through which these subjective experiences can be studied and understood in genuinely interdisciplinary ways.

This article aims, through new historiographical research within the new paradigm of Cultural History, to address the short story as a literary textual genre, but within a new model of the historiography of making and writing history: the stories of the people of the Amazon. This approach aligns with Popular Culture and Oral History. The folk tales of the people of the Amazon are told through their experiences and journeys along the rivers, lands, and riverbanks of the remote corners of the great Amazon River and the immensity of the forest. They carry with them particularities that characterize very well what Amazonian oral culture is, and the result of the relationship between these people and their cultural exuberance, which is born and flows into representations and practices such as: historical, economic, political, cultural, social, and religious, which nourish and are nourished by the phenomenon of life built in this unique context. This process of construction of the Amazonian people manifests itself in their diverse forms of coexistence with nature through the rich imagination that flourishes, giving rise to the famous... Tales, stories, popular tall tales or fishermen's stories, laden with unique symbolism, contribute directly and indirectly to the enrichment of the local and regional popular culture of the Amazon, through tradition and oral storytelling, transmitted from generation to generation over time and space in that place.

This article provides an analytical review of the literary process in Kyrgyzstan at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, identifies methodological approaches to the study of Russian-language prose, and highlights the main themes and genres inherent in the literary process. The article presents a new perspective on the literary process and the uniqueness of Russian-language prose from the perspective of extra-literary factors, the interconnectedness of cultures, aesthetic traditions, and innovative explorations within the ideological and artistic trends of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, as well as their expression in the content and genres of Kyrgyz literature. Its materials and conclusions may be useful not only for literary scholars but also for those interested in the interconnections between peoples and the history and culture of Kyrgyzstan.

The epic, as a literary genre, narrates a lengthy experience and is structured according to poetic forms. This genre holds significant value and importance in Kurdish literature, with its roots tracing back to ancient times among the Kurdish people. It has served as a mirror and echo of the victories and defeats of the Kurdish nation, while also documenting Kurdish history. Initially, Kurdish epics consisted of various verses and poetic compositions, recited by poets and folk singers. The Kurds celebrated these narratives, which evolved through their contributions. Over time, this form of art became a fundamental and robust foundation for another literary genre. Kurdish poets transformed the oral verses and folk poetry, traditionally shared verbally among people, into an advanced and developed literary form through the process of transcription. This transition marked a shift from oral tradition to written expression, as these verses were recorded, thus elevating them from the realm of oral narration to that of literature. Subsequently, they were re-recorded and disseminated within the framework of classical literature. This research, titled "The Kurdish Epic Between Folkloric and Classical Literature: The Case of Mem and Zin and Zembil Farosh," addresses the literary significance of folkloric and classical epics both in content and form. It aims to theoretically and practically interpret these epics while distinguishing between them. Through this study, we have sought to analyze the Kurdish literary epics and differentiate them through the term "epic," as applied to classical epics, particularly focusing on "Mem and Zin" by the poet Ahmad Khani, which serves as a primary reference. Additionally, we utilize verses from "Zembil Farosh" in our analysis. In conclusion, we arrived at the following findings: the verses of "Zembil Farosh" are imbued with religious content, while the epic "Mem and Zin" is centered around themes of love and romance, albeit expressed in divergent forms and styles.

This study examines the significant impact of the digital revolution on Hausa literature, with particular attention to the shift from traditional print novels to digitally mediated literary production. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates qualitative and quantitative data, the research examines the decline in the production and sales of printed Hausa novels and identifies the key factors behind this trend. The findings show that digital technologies have expanded access to Hausa literary texts, increased thematic and stylistic diversity, and stimulated new modes of literary expression, including online novels, blogs, and other web-based narratives. Notably, the BBC Hausa Hikayata competition has played a crucial role in promoting digital literary creativity and reader engagement, nurturing a new generation of writers whose works reflect the social, cultural, and ideological complexities of contemporary Hausa society. Situated within Medium Theory, the study demonstrates how the transition from print to digital media reshapes literary forms, genres, and authorship practices. By foregrounding the digital transformation of Hausa literature, this research contributes to broader debates on digital change in African literature and offers insights into the future trajectory of Hausa literary expression.

This research, entitled "Principles of Modernity in Kurdish Drama (Khonek Le Dehreve Bazneda) as a Model," attempts to demonstrate the basic principles of Western modernity, the extent of their influence on literary texts in Kurdish drama, and how to employ them, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It is based on the principle that Kurdish literature in general, and drama in particular, are an extension of the contemporary human thought movement and are not cut off from Western modernity, but are influenced by its most important fundamental principles. Their reflections on the writer's self are evident in the depths of their literary productions, directly or indirectly. In the folds of this research, we have addressed modernity in terms of terminology and concept, in addition to demonstrating the most important basic principles upon which Western modernity was built, such as (subjectivity, rationalism, nihilism, individualism, and the use of science in literature), and applying them to the dramatic collection (Khonek Le Dehreve Bazneda) by the writer (Halkat Idris). In our conclusions, we concluded that Kurdish drama is a contemporary literary genre, not disconnected from modernity. The most important general principles are present within it, whether as an escape from reality, or as alienation and rebellion within the writer, or as a product of his awareness of these intellectual and philosophical trends. This research consists of two chapters. The first deals with modernity as a concept and term, as well as its history and the reasons for its emergence in the West. The second chapter is an applied study of the principles of modernity in Kurdish drama texts, in addition to the results and sources consulted.

The natural order has also been grossly violated by rapid urbanisation and technological advancement, leading to ecological destruction on an international scale. The effects of climate change, habitat destruction, and environmental degradation continue to threaten both human and non-human life. The increase in publicity about ecological crises has, at least, reinstated the broken harmony between nature and humanity. This crisis is frequently manifested in postmodern literature as the gradual substitution of the natural world with technological systems and artificial environments. Modern cities, filled with steel-and-glass buildings, highways, signal towers, and expansive infrastructure, are becoming a symbol of the artificial, fragmented, and increasingly alienated. One of the iconic cyberpunk novels, Neuromancer by William Gibson (1984), provides an eloquent depiction of this state. The reality and the artifice, the nature and the simulation, the reality and the simulation, the world in the novel portrays a world where the boundary between them is radically misbalanced. This paper suggests that Neuromancer introduces the idea of ecocide not on the destruction of the environment, but on a postmodern state of nature being replaced by technological simulacra. It takes a postmodern approach informed by ecocide to analyse how Gibson, in his novel, visualises ecological collapse, synthetic environments, and the disintegration of human experience. It also highlights the importance of cyberpunk as a postmodern literary genre that reflects the environmental and technological fears of modern society.

This article presents the Right to Read project, developed with 6th-grade students at the Irmã-Sá State School, located in the city of Parintins/AM. The project was implemented during the Supervised Internship in Elementary Education II course and aimed to encourage reading through teacher mediation and the exploration of different literary genres. The qualitative research methodology focused on participation and dialogue through activities organized into macro and micro-stages, allowing for the articulation between reading, analysis, interpretation, and creative text production. The theoretical framework engages with Candido (2011), Colomer (2007), and Kiefer (1999), highlighting teacher mediation and reading as a practice of citizenship. As a result of the project, we highlight positive and negative points from the experience gained. On the positive side, we note the advantages of the methodology used, which facilitated the articulation between theory and practice, contributing to the execution of the activities and the observation of a significant improvement in the students' reading posture. On the negative side, we found that the BNCC (National Common Core Curriculum) is based on an idealized student model, presupposing the prior consolidation of reading skills that, in the reality investigated, were not fully developed. This finding reinforces the criticism that the Base, by standardizing skills and competencies, ends up making invisible subjects who do not fit into this normative path, transferring to the teacher the responsibility of remedying structural gaps in the Brazilian educational system.

This paper is a womanist-discourse study of selected WhatsApp chats. In contemporary imaginative literature, Women Studies conveys women writers’ perspectives, identity, cultural and ideological inclinations via the major literary genres: drama, prose and poetry. Thus, communalism, complementarity and other gender-driven themes impinge on the narrative insights of women literary writers. Discourse is ‘language in action/use’. In this study, the analysis of selected WhatsApp chats as a body of discourse is an investigation of the ideological underpinnings of writers’ language and message. Like in WhatsApp chats, imaginative literature communicates gender-related themes. In the context of this study, WhatsApp chats can be construed as a form of genre for literary expression because the corpora of this study are possible micro structures from any work of imaginative literature; this is the rationale for examining the data within the purview of women studies. The writers are females, who like women literary writers, have experienced the issues they bring to the fore in the articulation of their identity. Ofure Odede Maria (2010) rightly notes that ‘… a discourse on women’s literary identity is only feasible on others who have the identical characteristics of ‘oppression’. Thus, identity entails the metonymic selection of such characteristics as race, gender, history and culture.’ Arguably therefore, the view of women studies as ‘being about women-related discourse’ is more encompassing and rewarding than viewing the notion as strictly ‘being about women-related literary discourse’. In terms of the former, this study is germane. Two theoretical frameworks anchor this study: Gynocriticism and Gender Mainstreaming. Propounded by Elaine Showalter, Gynocriticism is a theoretical framework for elucidating women literary writings from authorial cultural background. On the other hand, Gender Mainstreaming is a broader feminist perspective which targets different forms of gender bias, and agitates for cross-facet gender equality. This study concludes that in language and message, the writers of the analyzed corpora reveal their individual and collective experiences. In doing so, language essentially performs three main functions: it describes phenomena; it condemns societal practices; and it conveys writers ‘message.

We had compiled a Kurdish variant of the text called Huseynê Kurdîşah years ago. Later, we saw a Persian text called Huseynê Kurdê Şebisterî. During the search process, we also saw a few videos of this work on YouTube. In the meantime, a few researchers compiled several Kurmanji variants of this text and published them as books. Thus, a body of literature was formed. When we searched the field, we noticed that researchers had published several Persian and English articles about this text, but they did not mention the Kurmanji variants of this work in their studies. In addition, some of them determined the literary genre of this work as an epic, some as a short story, some as a folk tale, and some as a folk story. There was also confusion in this aspect of the work, and we identified this as the problem of our research. After determining the problems and questions of our study, we limited its geographical boundaries to Kurmanji speakers in the Eastern region within the borders of Turkey and started to collect our data. At the end of the research process, it was revealed that the 5 texts of this work were compiled in Muş, Batman, Diyarbakır and Adıyaman. We realized that the Kurmanji texts of these variants have common, similar and different aspects among themselves, and that they also have these aspects with Persian texts. After reading and evaluating the literature, we came to the conclusion that the literary genre of this text is an Islamic heroic folk story. We concluded that the events in the work occurred in the 17th centuries and that this text may have entered the Kurmanji folk literature works after the 17th century.

Dalit autobiography is not a comfortable genre. It is not supposed to be. When Omprakash Valmiki published Joothan in 1997 and Bama published Karukku a year earlier, they were not adding politely to the Indian literary canon; they were challenging its foundations. This paper examines both texts as interventions that unsettle the aesthetic norms, epistemological assumptions, and social hierarchies embedded in mainstream Indian literary culture. Drawing on autobiography theory (Lejeune, Smith and Watson) and Limbale’s aesthetic of Dalit literature, I argue that Valmiki and Bama deploy life-writing not as self-expression in the liberal humanist sense but as political testimony, communal witness, and aesthetic provocation. Their narratives demand to be read on their own terms terms that privilege fidelity to experience over formal elegance, collective identity over individual personality, and the urgency of social justice over the pleasures of aesthetic contemplation. Whether the Indian literary establishment is ready for that demand is another question.

The Digital age has completely transformed this world. Technology is growing rapidly in all areas and is bringing a lot of change. The traditional ways of creative writing, especially in reading and writing, have completely changed and assumed a new shape in the Digital arena. The way of reading and writing stories has changed their style due to the emergence of new Digital platforms. Digital tools like E-books, audio content, and publications are a completely new and revolutionary innovation in the field of literature. If we analyze this from a technological point of view, then it is a completely new kind of experience for the reader. The reader is now expanding the wings of creativity, where a large number of audiences are getting a chance to explore readers’ potential in various genres without any physical requirement of books and pens. After all these technical innovations, there are new genres of literature which can be transformed into digital literature. There are several forms of innovative literature which must be present, such as hypertext narratives, collaborative fiction, online poetry platforms, and hybrid literature. These literary forms which have been created digitally are felicitating a wide range of opportunities to create immersive and communicative storytelling experiences for the target writers. These digital literary forms are a significant recapitulation of the ancient literary forms for the digital world. These digital literary forms are utilizing the potential of technology to create creative and immersive storytelling experiences which surpass the potential of print media. The technology is constantly acquiring its importance in the literary world, and the future literary genres are bringing more interesting innovations.

This paper is going to do research on H.P. Lovecraft and his Cthulhu Literature. Since the beginning of the 20thcentury, a new genre of literature, permeated with weirdness, began to emerge. It was an evolution of the Gothic novel, yet it completely subverted it, it also had a profound impact on traditional philosophy by the acknowledgement of many scholars, transforming the cosmism and epistemology under the capitalistic world. The philosophy presented by Lovecraft shows extreme anti-rationality; his thought conflicts with the doctrines of Kant, and echoes the doctrines of Nietzsche and Schopenhauer. And, just as it's identity at the beginning, Cthulhu literature has profoundly influenced all subsequent pop culture fields, including popular literature, music, role play games, and visual arts. Its influence is also unique, the core idea Cthulhu literature reveals is completely different from other fiction literary systems, and it has even been repeatedly paid tribute to by modern art works. This paper is going to explore the conflict between Lovecraft's idea and traditional philosophy, and how it impacted the following arts and aesthetics.

Science Fiction (SF) is a young but thriving modern literary genre characterized by vivid portrayals of alternate worlds featuring advanced science and technology, often distant in space and time from ours. Establishing captivating, fantastical, and futuristic environments for imaginative storytelling constantly required profound imagination and innovative thinking of the genre’s creators, propelling the young literary genre to evolve and grow in a relatively short time into one that now exerts a strong influence even outside its original realm of literature, such as cinema and television. As creative works in the written form, the texts of SF novels are the primary source for understanding their nature and characteristics, including the developmental history. In this paper we study in detail how SF has evolved since its beginning via two quantitative techniques, computational linguistics (natural language processing) and network science, jointly applied to a comprehensive data of classical SF in the public domain. We find that the network constructed between the texts based on linguistic similarity enables us to detect the emergence and evolution of distinct themes across different generations, and that the most important events in the history of SF strongly correlate with moments of rapid growth in the genre’s thematic diversity. This shows the necessity of a continuous infusion of new ideas and the resulting elevation in diversity for the success and growth of a creative genre. Also, in this age of a strengthening interest in the scientific understanding of human creativity and machine intelligence, this work represents a contribution to one of the most promising yet underrepresented topics in human-centered data science.