Grade Literacy Research Articles

Developmental trajectories for literacy and math skills from primary to secondary school

BackgroundResearch on academic development has mainly focused on early time periods with less attention on individual differences in development in the later school years.MethodsTo improve our knowledge of how students develop academically during later school years, this study used a multivariate growth model to investigate the developmental trajectories of literacy and math skills in a sample of Australian students in fifth through ninth grades (n = 114).ResultsStudents progressed at greater average rates in math from primary to secondary school than in literacy. Both literacy and math skills showed significant individual differences in growth rate at Grade 9. There was no evidence of an association between change in math and change in literacy. Primary school socioeconomic status was not a statistically significant predictor of inter‐individual differences in the development of either literacy or math.ConclusionsThese results, taken together, suggest that both domain‐general and domain‐specific influences act on the development of these academic skills.HighlightsWhat is already known about this topic We know that developmental trajectories for literacy and math skills demonstrate considerable inter‐individual variation in the early school years. The Integrated Intelligent Architecture model, a cognitive model that incorporates procedural knowledge and planning behaviour with the construction–integration process, suggests that these inter‐individual differences will persist into later school years. The developmental trajectories of literacy and math skills are inter‐related and are likely influenced by both domain‐general and, to a lesser degree, domain‐specific factors. There is substantial evidence that socioeconomic status acts as a domain‐general predictor of individual differences in school achievement over time. What this paper adds Much of the research to date has focused on early developmental time periods with less attention devoted to individual differences in development in the later school years. Less is known about developmental trajectories of writing. This study helps to fill these gaps by using a multivariate framework focused on the core academic outcomes of literacy and math to examine individual differences in development during the later school grades. By examining whether development in literacy is associated with development in math, or whether developmental trajectories unfold independently of each other, we can provide evidence for domain‐specific or domain‐general influences on academic development. SES was included as a potential domain‐general predictor in the model. Implications for theory, policy or practice Our results suggested that continued knowledge‐integration processes may underlie literacy and math ability in ninth grade. Additionally, this study provided evidence for domain‐general and domain‐specific influences on the development of academic skills from primary to secondary school. SES was not a significant domain‐general predictor, suggesting that other domain‐general predictors should be considered.

Russian Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of the First Two Waves on the Quality of Education

International studies about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of general education have yielded contradictory results: educational outcomes have fallen markedly in some countries while remaining more or less constant in others. At the same time, over half of published studies attest to the growth of educational inequality during the pandemic. The present article assesses the impact of the pandemic using the data of a regional monitoring study of all schoolchildren in grades 4, 6 and 8 in the Krasnoyarsk Region in 2019 and 2021. Tests of reading literacy in grades 4 and 6 as well as of science literacy in grade 8 have shown the satisfactory psychometric quality. Multilevel regression analysis was used to show that the level of functional literacy of the “pandemic” cohort of schoolchildren, controlled for contextual characteristics, was significantly lower for students in all grades except grade 4. The biggest loss was found for scientific literacy. No correlation was found between the pandemic effect size and the socioeconomic composition of the class (the gap between children with different SES remains at the same level as it was before the pandemic). The teachers’ opportunity to conduct online classes did not serve to improve the educational outcomes of schoolchildren during the pandemic.

ПОНИМАНИЕ ДЕТЬМИ-БИЛИНГВАМИ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ДРУГОГО ЧЕЛОВЕКА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТЕОРИИ СОЗНАНИЯ

Background. How the bilingual children understand the false belief of other people is a relevantly new topic in the fi eld of the developmental psychology. Th is question is very important one, because from it depends how early the bilingual children develop the «theory of mind». Th e literature shows controversial evidences regarding the age of bilingual children when exactly the start to develop the theory of mind. It seems it depends on the languages the children speak, their culture and the communication with the members of the families. Why is the development of understanding of false belief tasks in bilingual children so important? It is not important for specialists in developmental psychology only; the relevant research data will be useful for educators as well. Children who develop an understanding of other people’s mental states are much better prepared for the process of mastering literacy in the primary grades. Objective of the paper is to examine the relation between the theory of mind and the development of some grammatical categories in the mother tongue and the second language of bilingual children. Methods. Th e article analyzes the results of a study of 120 children from Bulgarian minority backgrounds. Among them were 60 children from Romani-Bulgarian families and 60 from families of Turkish-Bulgarian origin between the ages of 3 and 5. Classical tests were conducted, including two using non-verbal tests, a test with qualifying questions using the verb «to say» to express subjective attitudes, and an evidentiality test in both the native language (Turkish and Romani) and the second language (Bulgarian). Children with Turkish background live in a small town and Roma children live in a village. My hypothesis is that knowledge of certain grammatical categories can contribute to the development of the theory of mind (mental state) in children, and the place of residence infl uences this process. Results. Th e data showed that Roma children did better on some tasks than children from Turkish families but were inferior on others. It was also found that the knowledge of grammatical categories does not aff ect the comprehension of the tasks of the theory of mind tests. Th e place of residence was also not related to the development of theory of mind of bilingual children belonging to national minorities. Conclusion. Th e study led to the conclusion that in several cultures where oral traditions play an important role in the cognitive and language development of children, such as the Roma, classical tests to assess mental states are not suffi - ciently eff ective. In such cases, it would be more adequate to use tasks specifi cally adapted to cultural peculiarities.

A alfabetização como atividade lúdico-didática no contexto do PIBID - Pedagogia da UEMG de Divinópolis

The article aims to present an experience report of the Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID) in the development of one of the subprojects of the Pedagogy course at the Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG) of the Academic Unit of Divinópolis. The literacy theme is at the center of the debate of the Pedagogy subproject for teaching and teaching practice to consider the possibilities of school education to provide the full development of students in literacy in the initial grades of the elementary school in a municipal public school. Therefore, a qualitative study of a descriptive nature of the experience report type was carried out, which aims to describe the experiences and perspectives of academics/scholarship holders, supervising professor of the public education network, and area coordinators linked to the Program, which, during the development activities provided us with moments of reflection and monitoring of teaching practices. The report explores the playful-didactic activities developed in classrooms, giving a little glimpse of their routine, and highlights the relevance of PIBID in allowing scholarship holders to experience the teaching practice.

Big book to increase 5th grade students’ reading literacy

This study aims to determine the effect of using big book media on students' reading literacy in class. This research used a quantitative approach. The research design was a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques using tests and observations. The data analysis techniques were validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, t-test, and N-gain tests. The subjects of this study were 50 students of grade V consisting of 35 females and 15 males. The results show that there is a significant effect of big book media on the reading literacy of grade V students in elementary schools. The results of the Statistical analysis of the t-count test is 6.349 t-table 2,0. It can be concluded that big book media, is effective on students reading literacy.

Embedding Social and Emotional Learning in Literacy and Teacher Training in Afghanistan

This field note contributes to understanding of the challenges in and opportunities for supporting social and emotional learning (SEL) in the education in emergencies context, with a particular focus on embedding social and emotional skills into literacy learning in the early grades of primary school. In Afghanistan, the current reality is that many children and their teachers have been exposed repeatedly to adversity and highly stressful situations, such as attacks on their schools. Research shows that exposure to crises affects learning and the wellbeing of students and teachers alike. In this article, we describe how SEL was embedded in the early grade literacy curriculum and teacher training in Afghanistan, and in education support systems and practices. We further elaborate on the challenges faced and lessons learned throughout this process. The experience of integrating SEL into an early grade literacy curriculum has been positive, and initial feedback on the approach suggests that it promises to continue to be so. However, further research is needed in both Afghanistan and other contexts to more fully understand the impact of embedding different SEL practices in early grade reading materials and classrooms, and in preservice and in-service teacher training. Note: This field note was written prior to the change of government in Afghanistan in August 2021.

Digital Flipbook as a Learning Media to Improve Visual Literacy for 4th Grade Students at SDN Abdi Negara

The current development of technology and information has an effect on the advancement of learning media innovation. One of them is the digital-based flipbook innovation. This research was conducted in an effort to utilize flipbook media in digital form to improve visual literacy of grade 4 elementary school students. The method used is quantitative method. Subjects in this study were students at SD Negeri 1 Abdi Negara. To obtain research data used a survey by filling out a questionnaire. Based on these data, it was found that students were easy to use digital flipbooks, easy to read the text, understood the material presented, felt interested and fun when using digital based flipbooks, and understood the material that was being tested. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be said that this digital-based flipbook can be used as a learning media.

Modeling the influence of motor skills on literacy in third grade: Contributions of executive functions and handwriting.

Several nonlanguage factors influence literacy development, and motor skills are among those most studied. Despite the publication of several studies that have supported the existence of this relationship, the type of influence and underlying mechanisms have been little explored. Herein, we propose modeling the relationship between motor skills and literacy through structural equation modeling, testing the contribution of executive functions and handwriting skills as the possible mediators of this relationship. In a study of 278 third-grade children, we used a wide range of measures related to written language (reading, spelling, reading comprehension, and written production), fine motor skills (dominant hand, nondominant hand, and bimanual dexterity), executive functions (verbal and visuospatial working memory, inhibition, and shifting), and handwriting. Structural equation modeling of the relationship between these different variables indicated that in the third grade, the influence of fine motor skills on literacy is fully mediated by both executive functions and handwriting skills. These motor skills effects are observed for both low levels of processing (reading, spelling) and high levels of processing (reading comprehension, written production). The results are discussed in terms of the potential mechanisms underlying different literacy skills and their implications for pedagogical programs.

Digitally Supported Disciplinary Literacy in Elementary Instruction

AbstractThis article addresses the considerations on what they term digitally supported elementary disciplinary literacy in elementary grade (K–5) instruction. In doing so, the authors focus on the particularities of elementary instruction and what disciplinary literacy might look like in those grade levels, with a particular emphasis on digital tools and texts, to propose suggestions for teachers to more readily integrate disciplinary literacy in elementary school. Specifically, the authors consider that elementary disciplinary literacy instruction should emphasize four Core Disciplinary Practices (CDPs) that are applicable across elementary disciplinary instruction to build critical foundational skills applicable to disciplinary literacy, as well as ideas for the central role digital texts and tools can play in this instruction.

Pengembangan Media Komik Interaktif Cerita Mbojo Berbasis Gerakan Literasi Sekolah untuk Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa

Reading is part of literacy in the lower grades carried out at school. At the elementary school level, literacy activities are the starting point for understanding other sciences. The success of the early stages is crucial for advancing to the next level. Effective literacy teaching in the early grades needs to pay attention to the learning environment and materials that suit the needs of students so that researchers are interested in conducting development research in this study specifically for low-grade students and for the place of research that is carried out at SDN Sari Kalampa. The development of interactive comic media for the Mbojo story based on the school literacy movement to increase students' reading interest carried out at SDN Sari Kalampa, Woha District, Bima Regency is very necessary. The purpose of this study is to find out the importance of using or developing a comic medium for the Mbojo story where this media will be reading material that aims to increase literacy activities. The results showed that the learning media for interactive comics based on the mbojo story based on the school literacy movement could increase students' reading interest with the average score of student responses being which was included in the "very good" category and the teacher's response was which meant the "very good" category.

Pengembangan Media Komik Interaktif Cerita Mbojo Berbasis Gerakan Literasi Sekolah untuk Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa

Reading is part of literacy in the lower grades carried out at school. At the elementary school level, literacy activities are the starting point for understanding other sciences. The success of the early stages is crucial for advancing to the next level. Effective literacy teaching in the early grades needs to pay attention to the learning environment and materials that suit the needs of students so that researchers are interested in conducting development research in this study specifically for low-grade students and for the place of research that is carried out at SDN Sari Kalampa. The development of interactive comic media for the Mbojo story based on the school literacy movement to increase students' reading interest carried out at SDN Sari Kalampa, Woha District, Bima Regency is very necessary. The purpose of this study is to find out the importance of using or developing a comic medium for the Mbojo story where this media will be reading material that aims to increase literacy activities. The results showed that the learning media for interactive comics based on the mbojo story based on the school literacy movement could increase students' reading interest with the average score of student responses being which was included in the "very good" category and the teacher's response was which meant the "very good" category.

Childhood Educational Outcomes of Children Born with Gastroschisis

To compare third grade literacy and mathematics test proficiency among children born with gastroschisis vs unaffected controls and identify predictors of academic proficiency among these children. Infants born with gastroschisis (2000-2005) were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System. For each case, 2 controls were selected at random from birth certificates and matched for hospital and month of birth, sex, and race/ethnicity. Data on rehospitalization within the first 6years and payer data were abstracted from the Arkansas Hospital Inpatient Discharge database. Surviving cases and controls were linked to the Arkansas Department of Education database containing achievement test scores. The primary outcome was proficiency, defined as performance at or above grade level, on third grade achievement tests. Cases and controls who did not attend public schools could not be linked to education records. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association between study characteristics and academic proficiency. The final study cohort included 47 cases and 63 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of literacy (68% vs 81%; P= .65) or mathematics proficiency (89% vs 87%; P= .15) between cases and controls. On multivariable analysis, a complex gastroschisis (defined as atresia, volvulus, necrosis, or perforation of the bowel) was associated with lower proficiency in literacy (aOR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.02-0.58; P= .01). No neonatal or maternal characteristics predictive of lower proficiency in mathematics were identified. Among children born with gastroschisis, the presence of a complex gastroschisis was associated with lower proficiency on third grade literacy achievement tests.

Profile of Science Literacy of Grade 10 Students Using Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) Model

This study aims to determine the effect of the CSCL model on science literacy (SL). SL is considered as the abilities to use science knowledge to solve the science problem by utilizing the critical thinking skills. The quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent group design was applied as the research method. Subjects of this research were grade 10 students (N=50). Different tests were carried out to determine the existence of science literacy. There are 3 aspects of knowledge assessed in SL skills, i.e., content, procedural, and epistemic knowledge. The instruments used was a 15 questions of science literacy consisting of 5 content knowledge, 5 procedural, 5 epistemic questions, and an assessment of interest in SL. The results showed the average of content knowledge of experimental class was 76.92% or in a high category, and control class was 73.33% or in moderate category. The average of procedural knowledge of the experimental class was 66.92% and the control class was 64.99%, or both were moderate. And the average of epistemic knowledge of the experimental class was 64.61% and the control class was 60.99% or both moderate. The assessment of attitudes towards SL aims to give an idea that students have an interest in the components of SL attitudes.

Early Transient Hypoglycemia and Test Performance in At-Risk Newborns.

This study aimed to evaluate if early (within the first 3 hours after birth) transient neonatal hypoglycemia (TNH) is associated with poor academic performance in infants at-risk for hypoglycemia. This was a retrospective cohort study of at risk-infants (late preterm infants, small and large for gestational age infants, and infants of diabetic mothers [IDMs]) who were born in 1998 and 1999 at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and had ≥1 recorded glucose concentration. The outcome measure was proficiency on 4th grade literacy and mathematics achievement tests. Three glucose concentration cutoffs for defining hypoglycemia (<35, <40, and <45 mg/dL) were investigated. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between early TNH and achievement test proficiency based on perinatal factors. Among 726 infants, 472 had one, 233 had two, and 21 had three risk factor(s). Early TNH (glucose concentration <35, <40, and <45 mg/dL) was observed in 6.3, 11.6, and 20.5% of the study cohort, respectively. Irrespective of the cutoff used, the frequency of early TNH (number of patients with early TNH in a risk category divided by the total number of patients in that category) was significantly greater among infants with multiple risk factors. After controlling for perinatal factors, early TNH (cutoffs <35 and <40 mg/dL) was significantly associated with decreased probability of proficiency in literacy but not mathematics. Despite that early TNH was more common in IDMs and infants with three risk factors, the category or number of risk factors did not impact academic proficiency. Early TNH (<35 and <40 mg/dL) was associated with lower adjusted probability of proficiency on 4th grade literacy achievement tests in at-risk infants. The impact of early TNH on academic performance was similar irrespective of category or number of risk factors. · Transient hypoglycemia was associated with lower proficiency on 4th grade tests in at-risk infants.. · The category of risk factors among at-risk infants did not impact 4th grade academic proficiency.. · The number of risk factors among at-risk infants did not impact 4th grade academic proficiency..

DIGITAL LITERACY IN USING GEOGEBRA LEARNING MEDIA IN TERMS OF SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING

Digital literacy is important to improve the quality of education, especially in mathematics learning which can develop and engage students in exploring the efficient digital world for learning mathematics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the digital literacy of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo in using GeoGebra learning media in terms of self-directed learning. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study consisted of six students, and the instruments used were lesson plans, self-directed learning questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and interview guidelines. The result of this research shows that digital literacy with students who have high level for self-directed learning are able to fulfill all of indicators for digital literacy including being able to understand instructions for use and how to use the GeoGebra application, explain the information in the GeoGebra application, do the exercises correctly, participate in exchanging ideas with friends and develop their creativity into a new work in the GeoGebra application, students with moderate self-directed learning are only able to meet five digital literacy indicators including being able to understand instructions for use and explain the information in the GeoGebra application, do the exercises correctly, participate in brainstorming with friends and try to develop their creativity into a new work on the GeoGebra application, and students with low self-directed learning are only able to meet two digital literacy indicators including able to understand the instructions for use and be able to do practice questions correctly.

Development of STEAM Media to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Science Literacy

The objective of this study is to develop STEAM-based learning media (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) in grade 1 thematic learning to improve critical thinking skills and the culture of scientific literacy in grade 1 students. This media was developed based on the STEAM approach, as the result of the use of media through the syntax of analizing, synthesizing, drawing conclusions, and organizing strategies and tactics. The excellence of this innovative work focuses on improving critical thinking skills and scientific literacy. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development) with ADDIE design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Based on the results of the study before using STEAM-based colored two-dimensional Figure Mixing media, it was identified that the mean class of students' critical thinking skills was 74.80 and the mean science literacy class was 73.61. After using STEAM-based typewriter media it can be identified that the mean class of students' critical thinking skills was 86.67 and the mean science literacy class was 88.67. The results of this study prove that STEAM-based non-typed media developed can improve students' critical thinking skills so that it has a positive impact on scientific literacy. This study concludes that new learning media developed can improve the activeness of students and ultimately have a positive impact on student learning outcomes.

Content, Readability, and Accountability of Freely Available Online Information for Patients Regarding Epiretinal Membranes

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess content, readability, and accountability of online information for patients regarding epiretinal membranes (ERMs). Methods: Cross-sectional study evaluating nine major medical websites on ERMs. Fifteen questions assessed patient-relevant content. Four indices estimated U.S. grade literacy level of the text. JAMA benchmarks (authorship, attribution, disclosure, currency) evaluated website accountability. Results: Average content score was 36.78 (SD 13.91, 95% CI ±0.64) from a possible maximum of 60, with significant variability between websites (H = 22.68, p=0.004). Mean reading grade level was 12.29 (SD 2.30, 95% CI ±1.50). No website achieved all JAMA benchmarks; only one website fulfilled three of the four. Content score did not correlate with Google rank (order of listed websites, r = −0.23, p=0.55) or JAMA benchmarks (r = 0.19, p=0.62) but significantly correlated with mean reading grade (r = 0.67, p=0.05). Conclusion: Online information regarding ERMs varies significantly, may not adequately answer common patient questions, and is written at too complex a literacy level for the average patient.

Effects of mechanical wave learning material by integrating CTL strategy on environmental literacy of grade XI students

Learning in the 21st century should be connected to real world contexts. CTL strategy is one way to develop student skills. This is because learning process with a CTL strategy presents learning material that is related to the environment around students, in this way it can foster and improve students environmental literacy. In learning process, CTL strategy and environmental literacy can be integrated into learning material. However, the conditions found in the application of CTL strategy and environmental literacy in schools were still lacking. The solution to this problem is to use mechanical wave learning material integrated with CTL strategy for the environmental literacy of grade XI students. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a before and after design for related sample groups. The research instrument consisted of a knowledge aspect learning outcome test and student environmental literacy assessment sheets. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the two means comparison test for related groups. The result of the data analysis is the use of mechanical wave learning material integrated with CTL strategy has a positive effect on the knowledge aspect and environmental literacy of grade XI students.

Learning to read while reading to learn: Marcius Willson’s basal readers, science education, and object teaching, 1860–1890

ABSTRACT The essay discusses innovations in reading education by the schoolbook author Marcius Willson (1813-1905) through an examination of two popular series of basal readers he produced during and after the American Civil War. His School and Family Series (Harper & Brothers, 1860-) generated acrimonious debate about science education, literacy, and object pedagogy in the primary grades. His successor Popular Series (Lippincott, 1881-) went beyond compilation of classic literature in a basal reader by creating a fictitious community populated with a diverse cast of characters and storyboard of incidents that could draw young readers out of the classroom and into a broader world of nature and commerce. Both series competed effectively against rivals in national and regional markets and foreshadowed modern concepts of reading education based on the idea of “learning to read while reading to learn.” The essay also affirms the centrality of individual authorship and scholarship as the textbook market industrialized.

Shared Reading Implementation During the Literacy Period of a Child with Hearing Loss

Shared reading, in which children acquire new experiences in the field of lanugage, is one of the fundamental instructional practices that facilitate the development of literacy skills in children from an early age. This descriptive and holistic case study aims to investigate the SR practices carried out in the Primary 1st Grade literacy studies. The subject of the study is a child with hearing loss that receives auditory-oral education. Data in this study have been collected through the educational program, classroom observations, documents, the records of the validity and reliability committee, process products and the researcher’s log. During the analysis of the data,the educational program and the process products have been examined, observation sessions of shared reading practices have been documented, and prominent findings have been identified. It could be safely claimed, in accordance with the findings of this study, that the features of the story book, the literacy strategies applied during SR practices and the follow-up acitivities contribute significantly to the benefits of shared reading practices.