List Of Plant Species Research Articles

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In 2020, waters and territories of the eastern part of Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” were studied by biology specialists. The main purpose of the research was to identify rare species of plants and animals. We found species of flora and fauna protected by European Red List, Red Data Book of Ukraine, Additions to the Bern Convention and Regional Red Data Book. The list of plant species subjected to special protection contains 42 species, including Allium savranicum, Agropyron dasyanthum, and Jurinea cyanoides. It is noted that in the eastern part of the Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis ‒ UA0000212” the presence of other rare plant species is assumed (Senecio borysthenicus (D&c.) Andrz., Agropyron dasyanthum Ledeb, Viola lavrenkoana Klokov., Allium savranicum Besser). This matter requires monitoring in various phenological periods of the year. Concerning entomofauna in the eastern part of the Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis – UA0000212” it was found 7 species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009): Lucanus cervus, Papilio machaon, Iphiclides podalirius, Zerunthia polyxena, Xylocopa valla, Scolіa maculata, Catocala sponsa, as well as 2 species of insects protected by the provisions of the Bern Convention ‒ Lucanus cervus, Lycaena dispar. The ichthyofauna of the eastern part of the Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis ‒ UA0000212” includes 4 species that are listed in the Bern Convention: Leucaspius delineatus, Rhodeus amarus, Cobitis taenia, Sykhorn abotter. Analysis of terrestrial vertebrates revealed the presence of 95 species to be protected. There are 5 species of amphibians (three of them are included in the International Red List – Lissotriton vulgaris, Hyla arborea, Bufo bufo), as well as 6 species of reptiles, among which one is protected by IUCN (Emys orbicularis), two species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Coronella austriaca, Vipera renardi). 74 species of birds were found in the study area. Three of them (Coracias garrulus, Ciconia nigra and Buteo rufinus) are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. In the eastern part of the Emerald Network object “Samarskyi Lis ‒ UA0000212” there are 10 species of mammals, of which nine are protected by the provisions of the Bern Convention, and two species (Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus noctula) are listed in the Red Data Book Of Ukraine. It is proposed to conduct further monitoring studies in the eastern part of the Emerald Network “Samarskyi Lis ‒ UA00002122”

WILDLIFE BEHAVIOR AT CULVERTS IN EAST TEXAS

Knowledge of regional Texas floras is crucial for understanding species distributions. In addition, such knowledge is important for the management and preservation of individual plant species and ecosystems across the state. Floristic data for Mills and San Saba counties (Figure 1) is poorly known. Having an updated list of vascular plants is important for documenting changes in species distributions over time. This knowledge can be used in management plans for conserving endangered species, documenting the spread of invasive plants, and to improve the use of native species in restoration projects. While conducting community ecology studies at Colorado Bend State Park, Timberlake Biological Field Station, and near the town of Regency, Texas (Figure 1), voucher specimens were collected and included 20 species that had not been documented for Mills or San Saba counties nor included in other field investigations over the last five years (Gamez et al. 2016; Sheik & Nelson 2019).Vascular plant specimens from the Tarleton State University Herbarium were examined from Mills and San Saba counties. Each specimen was classified as native, endemic, or introduced using Shinners and Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas (Diggs et al. 1999). Plants were compared to those which occur on the Texas state-listed noxious weeds list (USDA 2019), state threatened and endangered plant species list (TPWD 2010), and rare plants of Texas (Poole et al. 2007). Distributions of taxa were compared to those published in the Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas (Turner et al. 2003a, 2003b). Based on data from the atlas, we categorized our specimens as documenting major range extensions (taxa collected in Mills and San Saba counties but not known from adjacent counties) or county records (taxa that have been reported from adjacent counties).Results & Discussion.–Twenty species representing 15 families were identified as new records from Mills and San Saba counties (Table 1). Sixteen taxa are native and four are introduced species. No species were found that were included on the state noxious weeds list (USDA 2019). There were no rare (Poole et al. 2007), threatened, endangered, or state-listed plant species (TPWD 2010).Conium maculatum L. (poison hemlock) is an introduced species from Asia and Europe that is extremely poisonous (Diggs et al. 1999), which is mainly known from south and east of San Saba County (Turner et al. 2003a). Our specimen extends its range north and west with a collection from Colorado Bend State Park (CBSP).Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. (Jamaican saw-grass) is a native species (Diggs et al. 1999), previously known only from south and east of San Saba County (Turner et al. 2003b). Our specimen extends its range north and west with a collection from CBSP.Ranunculus abortivus L. (little-leaf buttercup) is a native buttercup (Diggs et al. 1999), which is found north and east of San Saba County (Turner et al. 2003b). A collection from CBSP extends its range south and west.

Priority Species Lists to Restore Desert Tortoise and Pollinator Habitats in Mojave Desert Shrublands

Mojave Desert shrublands are home to unique plants and wildlife and are experiencing rapid habitat change due to unprecedented large-scale disturbances; yet, established practices to effectively restore disturbed landscapes are not well developed. A priority species list of native plant taxa was developed to guide seed collectors, commercial growers, resource managers, and restoration practitioners in support of the Bureau of Land Management's Mojave Desert Native Plant Program. We identify focal plant taxa that are important for habitats of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a widely distributed herbivore in low and middle elevations, and pollinator taxa, including mostly Lepidopterans and Apoidean bees, some of whose populations are in decline. We identified 201 unique plant taxa in the diets of tortoises, and 49 taxa that provide thermal cover for tortoises with some overlapping taxa that provide both diet and cover. We discuss 134 native pollinators associated with plants used for nectaring, larval hosts, or cover and nesting materials. Detailed plant species accounts describing the status-of-knowledge for 57 plant taxonomic groups including detailed information on life history, ecology, and pollinator syndrome relevant to restoration success, methods of seed harvesting, propagation, and historical use in restoration. Our approach for developing a priority plant species list for the Mojave Desert provides a data-guided listing of species for restoration practitioners and identifies knowledge gaps for future investigation.

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

BackgroundBrazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states.New information"Parque Nacional do Caparaó" houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the State of Espírito Santo and 7% listed for the State of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analysed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the Park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally-protected area.

Flora vascular y formaciones vegetacionales en el sitio de estudios socio-ecológicos a largo plazo, isla Gonzalo, archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31’S), Chile

The network of Long-term Socio-ecological Research sites within the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (ltser-Cape Horn) extends today to the Gonzalo Island (56°31’S), Diego Ramirez Archipelago, as its southernmost site. This is also the southernmost island of the american continent and of the sub-antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes, housing a huge diversity of marine fauna that was intensely exploited after its discovery, exactly 400 years ago. The general objective of the ltser-Cape Horn network is to detect the impacts of global socio-environmental change and contribute to their mitigation. The specific objective of this work is to provide an updated description of the vascular flora present on Gonzalo Island, a critical monitoring site for the new Diego Ramirez Islands-Paso Drake Marine Park. The Diego Ramirez Archipelago is part of the sub-Antarctic phytogeographic region, harboring vegetation formations that are unique in the Chilean territory. Our work updated the list of vascular plant species of Gonzalo Island, the only one that is permanently inhabited. The records include eight species of vascular plants that comprise all the species of vascular plants previously recorded in the islets as well as in the three major islands of the archipelago (Gonzalo, Bartolome and North). None of the eight collected species has conservation problems. Our sampling confirmed that there has been no establishment of exotic vascular flora in Gonzalo Island. Even places that have been disturbed near the base maintained by the Chilean Navy had no presence of exotic species. Strict monitoring is recommended to prevent the establishment and dissemination of exotic plants that could potentially arrive on this island, and the Diego Ramirez Archipelago.

Аналіз спонтанної флори плоских зелених дахів екстенсивного типу у місті Львові

У Львові досліджено 18 об'єктів з озелененими плоскими дахами екстенсивного типу, влаштованими на різних висотах та різних типах будівель. Проаналізовано сучасні методи та технології створення озеленених дахів та висвітлено основні напрями досліджень у цій галузі. Розглянуто основні принципи класифікації і типіфікації зелених дахів. Здійснено інвентаризацію видового складу культивованих і спонтанних видів рослин. Виокремлено групи зелених дахів за домінуючою біоморфою використаних видів: з перевагою сукулентів; газонні дахи; з участю ефіроносних рослин середземноморської флори; з використанням деревних рослин. Вперше у працях такого типу досліджено спонтанну ценофлору, яка супроводжує культурфітоценози зелених дахів. Встановлено, що вид озеленення істотно впливає на формування фітоценозу та визначає основні напрями агротехніки утримання насаджень екстенсивного даху. Виявлено тісну залежність між типом озеленення даху та видовим різноманіттям спонтанних рослин. Встановлено шляхи поширення діаспор занесених видів. Флористичний аналіз спонтанної ценофлори плоских зелених дахів показав, що вона сформована 59 видами, більшість з яких є рудеральними бур'янами із синтаксономічного класу Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Другу за чисельністю групу складають сегетальні бур'яни із класу Stellarietea Mediae, що свідчить про високу агротехніку утримання рослинних композицій на дахах, де переважають спонтанні види першого етапу заростання оброблених земель. Серед виявлених видів бур'янів переважають стрижнекореневі полікарпічні анемохоричні гемікриптофіти, що характеризує спосіб їх занесення у рослинні композиції. Більшість із досліджених видів не були занесені із субстратом, а поселилися пізніше за допомогою поширення діаспор вітром. Чисельні групи складають види-барохори та антропохори, які заносяться у процесі виконання агротехнічних робіт. Оскільки занесені види рослин здійснюють негативний вплив на художньо-естетичну, декоративну та екологічну функції озеленених дахів, вперше доведено ефективність та доцільність запропонованих досліджень у цьому напрямі. Запропоновано скоригувати агротехнічні прийоми з метою утримання видового складу рослинних композицій, та впровадити ефективні екологічно безпечні заходи для запобігання забур'яненню рослинних композицій зелених дахів.

Floristic analysis of the family asteraceae in Al-Jufra region, Libya

The present study focused on the floristic description of Family Asteraceae in the Al-Jufra region of Libya. This description includes a list of plant species of Family Asteraceae and their life-span, life-forms and chorotypes. In 20 stands (25 m2 each), a survey of the family Asteraceae species was conducted in Al-Jufra Oases (Waddan, Hun, Zalla, Sawknah and El-Fugha). The results showed that, the family Asteraceae included 23 species, belonged to 19 genera. Launaea and Picris were the predominant genera with three species each These species were classified into 14 annuals (60.87 %) and 9 perennials (39.13%). According to life-forms, the recorded Asteraceae members were grouped into 14 therophytes (60.87%), seven chamaephytes (30.43%) and two hemicryptophytes (8.7%). The chorological analysis revealed that, the Saharo-Arabian taxa (8 species, 34.9%) were the most dominant type. Further studies are required to highlight the importance and conservation of family Asteraceae species in the study area.

The small-scale variation of herb-layer community structure in a riparian mixed forest

The ground vegetation layer is the most diverse plant community in forest ecosystems. We have shown the role of spatial variables, soil properties and overstorey structure in spatial variation of the herb-layer community in a riparian mixed forest . The research was conducted in the "Dnipro-Orils’kiy" Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The research polygon was located in the forest in the floodplain of the River Protich, which is a left tributary of the River Dnipro. Plant abundance was quantified by measuring cover within an experimental polygon. The experimental polygon consisted of 7 transects, each comprising 15 test points. The distance between the rows in the site was 3 m. At the site we established a plot of 45 × 21 m, with 105 subplots of 3 × 3 m organized in a regular grid. A list of vascular plant species was composed for each 3 × 3 m subplot along with visual estimates of species cover projection. The plant community was represented by 43 species, of which 18.6% were phanerophytes, 39.5% were hemicryptophytes, 9.3% were therophytes, 7.0% were geophytes. An overall test of random labelling revealed the total nonrandom distribution of the tree stems within the site. The species-specific test of random labelling showed the nonrandom segregated distribution of Acer tataricum, Pyrus communis, Quercus robur, and Ulmus laevis. Crataegus monogyna and Euonymus europaeus were distributed randomly. The nearest neighbour of Acer tataricum was less likely to be Ulmus laevis. There was no direct spatial connection between Acer tataricum and other trees. Crataegus monogyna, Pyrus communis, Quercus robur and Euonymus europaeus were not segregated from all other species. The nearest neighbour of Ulmus laevis was less likely to be Acer tataricum. Constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied as ordination approach. The forward selection procedure allowed us to select 6 soil variables which explain 28.3% of the herb-layer community variability. The list of the important soil variables includes soil mechanical impedance (at the depth 0–5, 30–35, 75–80, and 95–10 cm), soil moisture, and soil bulk density. The variation explained by pure spatial variables accounted for 11.0 %. The majority of the tree-distance structured variation in plant community composition was broad-scaled. The spatial scalograms were left-skewed asymmetric. Significant relationship was found between the pure spatial component of the community variation and a number of phytoindicator estimations, most important of which were the variability of damping and humidity. Tree stand was obseerved to be a considerable factor structuring both the herb-layer community and spatial variation of the physical properties of soil.

Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill: a rare species of genus Artemisia (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) now present in the northeast (Gilgit-Baltistan) region of Pakistan

Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill. is a perennial herb from the genus Artemisia of the Asteraceae family. This plant is mostly distributed in Armenia, Russia, Georgia and the Eurasian mountains including Cantabrian chain, Spanish Sierra Nevada, the Alps (France and Italy), Azerbaijan, Pyrenees, the Balkan range (Bulgaria), northeast and east Anatolia (Turkey) and the mountain regions of Northern Iran. In continuation of our preceding papers on Northeastern Pakistani Artemisia, here we report the local occurrence of A. chamaemelifolia from Pakistan by critically analyzing its geographical distribution. To date, we have found the species in 4 major areas of Ghizer, Gilgit, Hunza-Nagar and Skardu districts of Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis with maximum likelihood approach using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA showed resemblance of northeastern Pakistani A. chamaemelifolia with other Artemisia species reported from other parts of the world. This species has been listed as critically endangered in the national IUCN red list of many countries. It is recommended that A. chamaemelifolia plant should be included in the rare plant species list in the flora of Pakistan. It will ensure conservation approaches to circumvent its extinction from the country.

The MARAS dataset, vegetation and soil characteristics of dryland rangelands across Patagonia

We present the MARAS (Environmental Monitoring of Arid and Semiarid Regions) dataset, which stores vegetation and soil data of 426 rangeland monitoring plots installed throughout Patagonia, a 624.500 km2 area of southern Argentina and Chile. Data for each monitoring plot includes basic climatic and landscape features, photographs, 500 point intercepts for vegetation cover, plant species list and biodiversity indexes, 50-m line-intercept transect for vegetation spatial pattern analysis, land function indexes drawn from 11 measures of soil surface characteristics and laboratory soil analysis (pH, conductivity, organic matter, N and texture). Monitoring plots were installed between 2007 and 2019, and are being reassessed at 5-year intervals (247 have been surveyed twice). The MARAS dataset provides a baseline from which to evaluate the impacts of climate change and changes in land use intensity in Patagonian ecosystems, which collectively constitute one of the world´s largest rangeland areas. This dataset will be of interest to scientists exploring key ecological questions such as biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, plant-soil interactions and climatic controls on ecosystem structure and functioning.

Characterization of a DCL2-Insensitive Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Isolate Infecting Arabidopsis thaliana

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), the type member of the genus Tombusvirus in the family Tombusviridae is one of the best studied plant viruses. The TBSV natural and experimental host range covers a wide spectrum of plants including agricultural crops, ornamentals, vegetables and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, Arabidopsis thaliana, the well-established model organism in plant biology, genetics and plant–microbe interactions is absent from the list of known TBSV host plant species. Most of our recent knowledge of the virus life cycle has emanated from studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a surrogate host for TBSV that lacks crucial plant antiviral mechanisms such as RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we identified and characterized a TBSV isolate able to infect Arabidopsis with high efficiency. We demonstrated by confocal and 3D electron microscopy that in Arabidopsis TBSV-BS3Ng replicates in association with clustered peroxisomes in which numerous spherules are induced. A dsRNA-centered immunoprecipitation analysis allowed the identification of TBSV-associated host components including DRB2 and DRB4, which perfectly localized to replication sites, and NFD2 that accumulated in larger viral factories in which peroxisomes cluster. By challenging knock-out mutants for key RNAi factors, we showed that TBSV-BS3Ng undergoes a non-canonical RNAi defensive reaction. In fact, unlike other RNA viruses described, no 22nt TBSV-derived small RNA are detected in the absence of DCL4, indicating that this virus is DCL2-insensitive. The new Arabidopsis-TBSV-BS3Ng pathosystem should provide a valuable new model for dissecting plant–virus interactions in complement to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Lessons from the reintroduction of listed plant species in California

Reintroduction is an increasingly common practice to conserve and recover threatened and endangered plant species, so understanding how practitioners view their work and identifying persistent resource mismatches are key to the long-term viability of these listed species. We interviewed practitioners involved in reintroduction projects for 14 species in the state of California to understand (1) how they defined recovery; (2) their assessment of the likelihood of recovery; (3) what advice they would share with other practitioners to improve reintroduction efforts; and (4) what resources could make future projects more successful. Practitioners’ definitions of recovery aligned with ecological theory and emphasized the importance of self-sustaining populations and large populations, as well as the presence of multiple populations. However, most practitioners felt that recovery was unlikely or did not think the species they worked with should or would be de-listed without the guarantee of perpetual future interventions. Practitioners thought that studying basic biology and natural history, using experiments to determine the best techniques, and repeatedly planting populations were important to project success. However, practitioners also felt they were missing critical resources, including long-term funding for implementation and maintenance, successful and positive relationships between members of the practitioner-agency-scientist-landowner nexus, and assurances/safe harbor agreements for experimental populations. Overall, rare plant reintroductions are complicated by persistent mismatches in timing and goals, but some individuals have been able to successfully navigate these challenges. Longer duration funding mechanisms for monitoring and maintenance and better data handling, storage, and dissemination would benefit future projects.

An Analysis of US State Regulated Weed Lists: A Discordance between Biology and Policy

AbstractWeedy and invasive plants threaten our food supply, native biodiversity, and the structure and function of ecosystems. The number and impact of these damaging plants are expected to continue to grow with ongoing global change. Some of the most common policy tools to help mitigate this threat are regulatory weed lists, which limit the importation and movement of listed plant species, but there has never been a comprehensive analysis of plants regulated in the United States. We analyzed US state regulatory lists (e.g., noxious, invasive, prohibited) to evaluate their composition, patterns of listing, congruities with weed distributions, and limitations. In total, 46 states maintain regulatory weed lists that include 3210 total listings of 1249 unique species; 48% of them are introduced, 40% are native, and 12% are not yet found in the United States. Overall, the listed species are not a good reflection of the weeds in each state, and listing appears largely reactive, regulating species after they become widespread. We highlight patterns and incongruities among lists and discuss their implications, especially the large number of regulated species native to the United States.

Sheep in Species-Rich Temperate Grassland: Combining Behavioral Observations with Vegetation Characterization.

Simple SummaryGrasslands cover much of the world, and numerous people depend on the livestock that graze them for their livelihoods. These areas must be properly managed as they are often ecologically fragile. Therefore, how the foraging animal interacts with its environment needs to be understood. These interactions have mostly been studied in highly productive intensively managed and improved grasslands, which typically have only a limited number of commercially developed plant varieties. Little is known about how animals interact with less intensively managed, species-rich grasslands which are often of conservation significance because of their biodiversity. In this preliminary study, we have used video technology to investigate responses of sheep to the vegetation of unimproved grassland in Estonia. We classified the vegetation with a methodology that is standard in plant ecology but which has not been extensively applied in animal behavior. We also demonstrate the use of a novel procedure for quantifying foraging behavior. This combination of methodologies will enable the characterization of individual animal variations in these important behaviors, which could provide a basis for the rational design of sustainable grassland management systems.Foraging behavior of livestock in species-rich, less intensively managed grassland communities will require different methodologies from those appropriate in floristically simple environments. In this pilot study on sheep in species-rich grassland in northern Estonia, foraging behavior and the plant species of the immediate area grazed by the sheep were registered by continually-recording Go-Pro cameras. From three days of observation of five sheep (706 animal-minutes), foraging behavior was documented. Five hundred and thirty-six still images were sampled, and a plant species list was compiled for each. Each plant species was assigned a score indicating its location, in the ecophysiological sense, on the main environmental gradient. The scores of the plant species present were averaged for each image. Thus, the fine structure of foraging behavior could be studied in parallel with the vegetation of the precise area being grazed. As expected, there was considerable individual variation, and we characterized foraging behavior by quantifying the patterns of interspersion of grazing and non-grazing behaviors. This combination of behavior recording and vegetation classification could enable a numerical analysis of the responses of grazing livestock to vegetation conditions.

IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOHETEROTROPHIC PLANTS (Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae, Polygalaceae, Tiuridaceae) IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

The majority of mycoheterotrophic herbs live in shady and humid forest. Therefore, the types of mycoheterotrophic plant are very abundant in tropical areas. One of the areas in Indonesia with the tropics is North Sumatera province. Unfortunately, the information about the species of mycoheterotrophic in North Sumatra is still limited. The objective of the research was to figure out the types of mycoheterotrophic plants in North Sumatra. The study was conducted in August until October 2019 in several areas of the Natural Resources Conservation Hall (BBKSDA) of North Sumatra province, the nature Reserve and nature Park. The research sites covered Tinggi Raja Nature Reserve, Dolok Sibual-Buali Nature Reserve, Sibolangit Tourist Park and Sicike-Cike Natural Park. In conducting sampling, the method used was through exploration or cruising method. The list of mycoheterotrophic plant species presented in this study consisted of their scientific names, synonyms, descriptions, distributions, and ecological information. A total of 9 species of mycoheterotrophic plants (4 families) in Sumatra have been found. As for the family Burmanniaceae, there are three species Burmannia championii, Burmannia lutescens, Gymnosiphon aphyllus. On the other hand, as for the Orchidaceae, there are 4 species, such as Didymoplexis pallens, Eulophia zollingeri, Galeola lindleyana, Gastrodia verrucosa while for the Poligalaceae and Tiuridaceae family, simply one type is found: Epirixanthes elongata and Sciaphila Secundiflora, respectively.

Diversity of vascular plants native to the Ulleungdo and Dokdo Islands in Korea

The native vascular plants on Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands in Korea were investigated with the objective of determining conservation priorities and establishing a sustainable strategy for conservation of the plant species diversity. A total of 2,058 voucher specimens collected were identified and listed the diversity of plant species of each island. And the species composition, life forms, and rare and endemic species were characterized with respect to the plant species list. The vascular plants native to Ulleungdo island were surveyed 494 taxa in total comprising 102 families, 306 genera, 427 species, 6 subspecies, 57 varieties, 5 forma, and 1 hybrid. Among these, the distribution of 30 taxa was newly identified. On Dokdo island, 58 taxa were recorded comprising 28 families, 49 genera, 47 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 hybrid. The 496 and 58 taxa of vascular plants native to Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands were classified based on the genera of vascular of Korea (F.K.E.C. 2007), respectively. We provide details on those endangered plants characterized by small population sizes and numbers, and discuss measures for the conservation of plant species diversity on Ulleungdo and Dokdo island, with respect to these endangered plants in particular and to the native plants in general.

English

There are many native species that are important to local communities globally. There have been studies on the importance of these plant species for many uses by local communities. Though, there is scanty information on these species’ recognition by researchers. Despite the harsh climatic conditions in Turkana (semi-arid to arid), the community has over the years developed strategies for conservation of some sections of important woodland and riparian zones that provide multiple goods and services for the people and livestock. This study seeks to appraise the plant species preferred for construction and related cultural uses by pastoral communities in Northern Kenya where Turkana county in situated. The key results are list of plant species and their uses in regard to housing as well as the relative importance of the plant species to the Turkana pastoral community for housing. This will inform on priority species for conservation and also emphasize on key areas that this knowledge can be used. Key words: Turkana pastoralists community, housing, indigenous knowledge, plant species.  

Floristic Inventory of the James River Park System, Richmond, Virginia

We completed a floristic inventory of the James River Park System (JRPS), a ca. 223-hectare (550-acre) multi-unit park along the James River in Richmond, Virginia. The JRPS includes land within the riparian zone along a 13-kilometer (8-mile) stretch of the river that bisects the city, providing two million annual visitors with recreational access to the rapids along the “Falls of the James.” Although the vegetation within the park system is an important attraction for park-goers, information on the flora of the JRPS and this section of the James River corridor is limited. This study updates partial records of the JRPS flora from ca. 50 years ago with collections that were made over the span of three growing seasons from 2016–2018. A total of 566 species and sub-specific taxa were documented from 336 genera and 115 families, including 63 new botanical records for the locality. Native species comprise 69.4% of the overall species richness, with dominant families including Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. Non-native invasive species are prevalent throughout the park: 51 species are listed on the Virginia Invasive Plant Species List, 21 of which carry a “high” invasiveness rank. Four state-listed rare species were documented within the park, and seven other state-rare “watchlist” species were found. The information presented here is being used to help guide management efforts of the JRPS Invasive Plant Task Force, an organization dedicated to the removal of non-native invasive species, restoration of natural habitats, and preservation of natural communities within the park system.

Новый список видов растений и лишайников России для программы Turboveg for Windows

A new species list of plants and lichens of Russia and neighboring countries has been developed for Turboveg for Windows, the program, intended for storage and management of phytosociological data (relevés), is widely used all around the world (Hennekens, Schaminée, 2001; Hennekens, 2015). The species list is built upon the database of the Russian website Plantarium (Plantarium…: [site]), which contains a species atlas and illustrated an online Handbook of plants and lichens. The nomenclature used on Plantarium was originally based on the following issues: vascular plants — S. K. Cherepanov (1995) with additions; mosses — «Flora of mosses of Russia» (Proect...: [site]); liverworts and hornworts — A. D. Potemkin and E. V. Sofronova (2009); lichens — «Spisok…» G. P. Urbanavichyus ed. (2010); other sources (Plantarium...: [site]). The new species list, currently the most comprehensive in Turboveg format for Russia, has 89 501 entries, including 4627 genus taxa compare to the old one with 32 020 entries (taxa) and only 253 synonyms. There are 84 805 species and subspecies taxa in the list, 37 760 (44.7 %) of which are accepted, while the others are synonyms. Their distribution by groups of organisms and divisions are shown in Table. A large number of synonyms in the new list and its adaptation to work with the Russian literature will greatly facilitate the entry of old relevé data. The ways of making new list, its structure as well as the possibilities of checking taxonomic lists on Internet resources are considered. The files of the species list for Turboveg 2 and Turboveg 3, the technique of associating existing databases with a new species list (in Russian) are available on the web page https://www.binran.ru/resursy/informatsionnyye-resursy/tekuschie-proekty/species_list_russia/.

Method of analysis of floral lists of higher plants

Quantitative methods for analyzing data on living objects are an essential tool for research and modeling the state, stability, and productivity of ecological systems. In this paper, we consider one of the approaches that is useful for quantitative analysis, namely, when the initial information about living objects (in particular, about vascular plants) is presented in the form of descriptions of floral spectra that differ in structure and content (namely, lists of plant species). The proposed approach is based on the application of first-order predicate logic and is intended for the purpose of studying the species richness of plants in ecosystems.