List Of Definitions Research Articles

Medicación pediátrica de alto riesgo: propuesta de listado a través de la técnica de consenso interdisciplinar

IntroductionPediatric patients are more likely to experience medication-related errors and serious associated harms. The identification of high-risk medications (HRM) and their study in special populations, such as children with excess body weight, is a part of safety improvement strategies. ObjectiveTo generate, through a consensus technique structured by an interdisciplinary group of pediatricians and hospital pharmacists, an operational and updated list of HRM for hospital use in children over 2 years of age. The document was part of a collaboration project between the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacists and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hospital Medicine. MethodsThe study was carried out in two sequential phases: a) preparation of a preliminary list of HRM through bibliographic review and b) subsequent application of the double-round Delphi method to agree on a definitive list of HRM. The results obtained were validated by calculating the probability of chance agreement and the modified Kappa statistic for each drug. ResultsThe original list obtained by bibliographic review included 26 pharmacological classes and 96 drugs. Of the total of 37 experts, 32 (86.4%) completed both rounds of the Delphi. The final consensus list of HRM incorporated 24 pharmacological classes and 100 drugs. The modified Kappa statistic reflected a high percent agreement (94.9%) in the consensus reached by the participants. ConclusionThis list can establish a tool for future studies and interventions to improve the safety of medications in general pediatric population, as well as in high-risk subgroups, such as pediatric patients with excess body weight.

International consensus-based ranking of definitions for poor response to primary total knee arthroplasty: a Delphi study

IntroductionThis study aimed to rank definitions for measuring poor response one year after TKA, after assessing the face validity and feasibility of existing or newly proposed definitions.Materials and methodsAn international, three-round, online modified Delphi study was conducted with sixty-nine panelists from twenty-three countries. Definitions were derived from a literature review or were newly proposed by an expert group. Panelists rated the face validity and feasibility of definitions, and could propose additional new definitions in round 1. Panelists reconsidered their rating of existing definitions, and rated newly suggested definitions (round 2). Definitions with a median score for face validity < 6.5 were removed from the list, and panelists distributed 100 points among the remaining definitions for ranking (round 3).ResultsFifty-one panelists completed all three rounds (response rate 74%), and the prioritized list of definitions in round 3 comprised seventeen definitions. The single-item definition of (dis)satisfaction with the outcome of TKA obtained the highest scores for face validity and feasibility (7.5, and 8.5 respectively), and the definition “No improvement in pain OR daily knee functioning compared to pre-operative status” was the highest prioritized. In general, definitions reflecting change from the perception of patients were higher ranked than definitions requiring both preoperative and postoperative assessment of validated questionnaires.ConclusionsThis study identified seventeen potential definitions of poor response to TKA, offering valuable options for integration into quality assessment investigations. Remarkably, all identified definitions were patient-centered and none were clinician-centered. Single-item questions, capturing change from the patient’s viewpoint, appear to be the most practicable format to assess response.

Plant cultivation and diversity at the Early Neolithic settlement in Biskupice in Poland

The emergence of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) during the Neolithic period within Polish territory 5400–4900 BC, introduced plant cultivation, yet the definitive list of cultivated species remains debated. This study examines plant assemblages (fruits, seeds, pollen, and spores) from the LBK settlement in Biskupice, southern Poland, aiming to identify cultivated and wild species used during the development of the first stable settlements in the Carpathian Foothills. Due to extensive sampling, Biskupice yielded over 11,000 macroscopic plant specimens, enabling detailed analysis of plant diversity, distribution, and implications for agrarian and dietary practices. The analysis revealed a focus on emmer and einkorn wheat cultivation, with barley playing a minor role, alongside evidence of flax and pulses. Radiocarbon dating supported the settlement’s existence in the 6th millennium BCE, and confirmed the use of barley. However, a younger date excluded bread wheat cultivation at this site. The plant assemblage included a diverse array of herbaceous wild plants like black bindweed, fat hen and brome species, suggesting their economic use. Additionally, the presence of cockspur grass, linked with Southeast Asia, indicates alternative migration routes of weeds in Europe, as supported by radiocarbon dating. Palynological analysis suggests existence of nearby cereal plots or the processing of cereals at the settlement, supporting archaeological evidence.

Clinical Exercise Physiologists in the United Kingdom: Multi-stakeholder Perspectives

ABSTRACT Background In the UK Academy of Healthcare Science, registered clinical exercise physiologists (CEPs) receive specialist, master’s-level education and training in the knowledge and skills required to work with chronic and complex medical conditions based on a curriculum that was benchmarked against Australian standards. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of multiple stakeholders to identify the key knowledge and skills required for a registered CEP to work effectively in the United Kingdom and inform future iterations of the accredited curriculum. Methods Semistructured interviews of academics (n = 5), CEPs (n = 5) and service users (n = 5) explored perspectives of the key knowledge and skills required of a CEP in UK health care. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed to identify the key knowledge and skills of a UK-registered CEP that all the stakeholders deemed important. Results Six themes were identified from the interviews. The CEP-specific themes were identified as pathophysiology, physiological assessments, exercise prescription, exercise delivery, and behavior change and education. Clinical practice was recognized as the overarching concept that linked all the CEP-specific themes together. Conclusion This study provides the first understanding of the knowledge and skills required for a CEP to work effectively in the UK health care system, in addition to providing research evidence and insight to the next iterations of the Clinical Exercise Physiology UK (CEP-UK) curriculum framework. Future research should focus on establishing a more comprehensive, definitive list of the knowledge and skills of a UK CEP that will contribute to subsequent versions of the CEP-UK curriculum framework.

Comparative Legal Analysis of IT Legislation of Russia and Sweden

INTRODUCTION. This article provides a compre­hensive analysis of the regulatory frameworks govern­ing the information technology (IT) sector in both Russia and Sweden and encompasses a comparative assessment of key legal instruments, concepts, and regulatory approaches, including the responsibility for cybercrimes, licensing procedures, standardization practices, and the safety of critical informational in­frastructure. Additionally, this article examines the roles and functions of major governing authorities in both countries.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on relevant legal acts of Russia and Sweden. While there are certain specific laws focused entirely on the informational technologies, some provisions can be found in other types of legal documents (for example criminal codes or governmental regulations). Employ­ing a comparative approach, the study delineates the scope and authority of state institutions involved in the IT sphere.RESEARCH RESULTS. Both Russian and Sweden exhibit similarities when it comes to definition of es­sential concepts such as critical infrastructure, reflect shared concerns regarding for example security issues. Main laws in the area of information technology con­tain a spectrum of key terms, including but not limited to information and communication network / elec­tronic communication network, information system operator, and information protection / network and information system security. Although the list of key definitions may appear quite similar, the Swedish leg­islation tends to offer broader definitions with the in­tention of encompassing larger domains within IT technologies, while the Russian legislators focus on more specific terms. However, while Sweden aligns closely with European Union (EU) regulatory frame­work, Russia adopts a more expansive approach, ad­dressing emerging technological challenges such as AI. In conclusion, achieving effective IT regulation neces­sitates finding a balance between international con­sistency and national adaptability to ensure strong cybersecurity, foster innovation, and maintain regula­tory flexibility in a dynamic digital environment.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Sweden’s re­liance on implementing EU regulations has its benefits such as harmonisation, interoperability, adopting the internationally recognised practices, easier market ac­cess, etc. However, this approach may limit the coun­try's ability to meet its specific needs and may mean additional administrative burdens associated with compliance with EU directives. Moreover, changes in EU regulations could lead to a necessity to update do­mestic laws, potentially causing regulatory vacuum or legal collisions, especially in such sphere as the IT sec­tor. Nowadays, when for example the AI and its risks are on the daily agenda one can not look away and wait for the international community to agree on the applicable regulation.

Jung Personality Complexes: Evidence from Mahabharata Characters

Purpose: The research paper is an interesting blend of social science and mythology. The researchers explain how Jung personality complexes to Professional &amp; Psychology students with the help of characters from Mahabharata. As the personality grows person develops some complex in their personality and which guides person’s behavior and aspirations in life. Each individual has different personalities and different type of complexes in them with different level of intensity. Thus, the outcome of the research helps individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand basic individual personality complexes. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objective and the current study investigates 1 broad research question: To interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain Jung personality complexes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary &amp; primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: There were correlations between Jung personality complexes &amp; from Mahabharata characters to individuals with the ancient Indian texts. As much as individuals behave differently in different situations, our behavioural reactions can be clubbed into personality complexes as similar reactions across ages and cultures. To conclude, we can say that each one of us is uniquely different yet distinctively similar as well. Research Limitations/Implications: In the present research an attempt is made by the researchers to understand the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain Jung personality complexes. Originality/Value: Many of the earlier studies have proved the soul of Indian mythology is beyond simple good and evil. If one cares to dig deep, there’s an interesting story at each and every step. Psychologists explain this by segregating personality into a private and public persona. Private is the ‘real’ inner person, while public is the way that the individual presents themselves to the outside world. We may be confident and outgoing in some situations and less sure of ourselves and more retiring in other situations. A case where a shy reserved person joins an organization but eventually becomes an arrogant and stubborn boss. This fits the explanation of how our personalities differ situationally. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary &amp; primary evidence. There are many characters in the Mahabharata, with each one having good and bad qualities. Many characters are similar in personality complexes but differ in their ethical characteristics. Hence researchers have tried to identify and give the major characters in the research. However, this is not a definitive list.

Understanding Self Theory: “I” Or “Me” to Self &amp; the Relationships of “I” &amp; “Me” to Others from Character Sketch of Mahabharata

Purpose: Roger self theory is an important section in every organization in handling individual’s personality. Personality is a combination of behaviour, attitude emotion, perception and thought pattern that define an individual. On approach to personality emphasizes the self and it is characteristic. The research paper is an interesting blend of “I” or “Me” to self and relationships of “I” and “Me” to others to management, science and mythology. The researcher explains how self-theory to professional &amp; psychology students with the help of characters from Mahabharata. The outcome of the research helps individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand basic individual differences. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objectives and the current study investigates 2 broad research questions: (1) To examine self theory from character sketch of Mahabharata (OCEAN). (2) To identify whether self-theory applies to actualizing tendency (Real Self). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary &amp; primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: After analysis researchers conclude there is a fairly high degree of positive correlation between theory aspects and renewal trend. Therefore, the study concludes there is a correlation between the elements of theory and the renewal trend from Mahabharata characters to individuals with the ancient Indian texts. Research Limitations/Implications: In the present research an attempt is made by the researchers to understand the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain self-theory. Originality/New Knowledge/Interpretation/Value: Roger’s theory is very essential to safeguard the individual’s personality and committed himself to understanding the how attitude, behavior and perception change can come about. Thus, the researchers work aims at finding the self-theory &amp; its impact on individual’s personality. Psychologists explain this by segregating personality into a private and public persona. Private is the ‘real’ inner person, while public is the way that the individual presents themselves to the outside world. We may be confident. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary &amp; primary evidence. There are many characters in the Mahabharata, with each one having self-theory. Many characters are similar but differ in their personality. However, this is not a definitive list.

Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review.

Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review.

How does plant taxonomic choice affect building wall panel cooling?

Vegetation is increasingly being valued for its contribution to urban cooling, with implications for mitigation of urban heat islands, building energy efficiency and human thermal comfort. Relatively little information exists, however, as to how plant taxonomic choice affects micro-climate cooling. This research used a building wall scenario to determine how plant type affected material cooling during summer in a temperate climate (UK). Thermocouples recorded wall panel temperatures behind 24 different plant taxa compared against a control panel unshielded by plants. When the control wall panel temperatures were 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C, the maximum cooling observed on panels screened by vegetation was 5.1 °C, 13.5 °C, 20.1 °C and 25.7 °C respectively. For each of these temperature scenarios, maximum cooling was attributed to Hebe, Lonicera, Hebe and Hedera, respectively, i.e. the optimum taxa choice could vary with the ambient conditions being experienced. Data was assessed, subsequently to determine if cooling potential could be associated to a certain plant attribute. Cooling was maximised by increasing the overall leaf surface area between the wall panels and the incoming solar irradiance, i.e. larger plants with dense canopies promoted cooling, but otherwise there was no overall consistent pattern linking cooling to key plant traits, such as leaf colour. The research confirms that plants are effective thermal regulators within the urban environment, but further wider evaluations of taxa are required before the landscape sector has a definitive list of optimum genotypes that it can recommend.

Table 0; documenting the steps to go from clinical database to research dataset

ObjectivesData-driven decision support tools have been increasingly recognized to transform health care. However, such tools are often developed on predefined research datasets without adequate knowledge of the origin of this data and how it was selected. How a dataset is extracted from a clinical database can profoundly impact the validity, interpretability and interoperability of the dataset, and downstream analyses, yet is rarely reported. Therefore, we present a case study illustrating how a definitive patient list was extracted from a clinical source database and how this can be reported. Study Design and SettingA single-center observational study was performed at an academic hospital in the Netherlands to illustrate the impact of selecting a definitive patient list for research from a clinical source database, and the importance of documenting this process. All admissions from the critical care database admitted between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2023, were used. ResultsAn interdisciplinary team collaborated to identify and address potential sources of data insufficiency and uncertainty. We demonstrate a stepwise data preparation process, reducing the clinical source database of 54,218 admissions to a definitive patient list of 21,553 admissions. Transparent documentation of the data preparation process improves the quality of the definitive patient list before analysis of the corresponding patient data. This study generated seven important recommendations for preparing observational health-care data for research purposes. ConclusionDocumenting data preparation is essential for understanding a research dataset originating from a clinical source database before analyzing health-care data. The findings contribute to establishing data standards and offer insights into the complexities of preparing health-care data for scientific investigation. Meticulous data preparation and documentation thereof will improve research validity and advance critical care.

Outcome measures for children with speech sound disorder: an umbrella review

ObjectiveSpeech sound disorder (SSD) describes a ‘persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication’. There is a need to establish which care pathways...

Requirements for court rulings in the light of guarantees of the right to a fair trial

The subject of the study. The legislator does not establish a list of requirements that the rulings of the court of first instance must meet. The article analyzes the requirements for the rulings of the court of first instance in civil proceedings, in comparison with the requirements for court decisions based on domestic procedural legislation and scientific literature. The purpose of the article is to confirm that the main requirements for court rulings are legality, validity, motivation, and enforceability.The research methodology includes the formal-logical method, analysis, synthesis, logicallegal method.Main results. An analysis of domestic legislation and scientific literature led to the conclusion that, based on the requirements that court rulings must meet, the legislator has not correctly defined a list of definitions that must be substantiated, motivated and subject to appeal separately from the final judicial act. The category of protocol definitions should be rather exclusive. Such determinations must be made if it is not required to state the motives for the decision and if it does not affect the essence of the final judicial act.Conclusions. Court rulings must meet the above requirements by analogy with court decisions. The issues raised in this article have not only theoretical, but also practical meaning in relation to civil procedural law in the Russian Federation. The practical problem is that at the moment the legislator has not correctly defined the list of definitions that must be substantiated, motivated and subject to appeal separately from the final judicial act. Court rulings in civil proceedings subject to appeal must meet the requirements of legality, validity, motivation, and enforceability. Contrary to this, in practice the opposite situation often occurs. The category of protocol definitions should be rather exclusive. Such determinations must be made if it is not required to state the motives for the decision and if it does not affect the essence of the final judicial act. Otherwise, this will lead to a violation of the fundamental right to a fair trial and a restriction of a person's access to justice.

One Hundred Explicit Definitions of Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions of Antibiotics in Hospitalized Older Patients: The Results of an Expert Consensus Study.

In geriatrics, explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) are useful for optimizing drug use. To produce an expert consensus on explicit definitions of antibiotic-PIPs for hospitalized older patients. We conducted a Delphi survey involving French experts on antibiotic stewardship in hospital settings. During the survey's rounds, the experts gave their opinion on each explicit definition, and could suggest new definitions. Definitions with a 1-to-9 Likert score of between 7 and 9 from at least 75% of the participants were adopted. The results were discussed during consensus meetings after each round. Of the 155 invited experts, 128 (82.6%) participated in the whole survey: 59 (46%) infectious diseases specialists, 45 (35%) geriatricians, and 24 (19%) other specialists. In Round 1, 65 explicit definitions were adopted and 21 new definitions were suggested. In Round 2, 35 other explicit definitions were adopted. The results were validated during consensus meetings (with 44 participants after Round 1, and 54 after Round 2). The present study is the first to have provided a list of explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for hospitalized older patients. It might help to disseminate key messages to prescribers and reduce inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics.

Rama’s Orange Peel Emotional Intelligence

Purpose: We homosapians are natural to emotions. We all have different personalities, different wants, needs, and different ways of showing emotion. Yes, it is a natural tendency of every individual to express, show, or to have emotions. Today organizations for a long period who believe that the success of a person at the workplace depends only on the level of intelligence is a false statement, instead, organizations believe that they need a very important soft skill called emotional intelligence to achieve organizational goals. This research paper is a thought-provoking blend of management, science, and mythology. The researcher elucidates how Rama’s EQ and his positive psychology explain EI. The outcome of the research assists Rama’s orange peel emotional intelligence for individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand insights into how to navigate challenging situations &amp; emotions in everyday life &amp; workplace. Objectives: The researchers have established the undermentioned primary objectives and the present study investigates 3 broad research questions: (1) To examine the positive psychology of Rama. (2) To evaluate Rama’s contemporary principles of emotional intelligence. (3) To identify Rama’s orange peel emotional intelligence. Methodology: The study is based on both secondary &amp; primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and scrutinized to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: The study found Ramayana with many characters mirrors the range of human emotions &amp; correlates positive psychology, and contemporary principles of EI. Modern organizations are highly evaporating, and dynamic and demand higher productivity. Tasks cannot simply be accomplished individually or by working with others in fixed ways. For all these, the one and only answer to cope with the pressure cooker situations that are the reality of the workplace is a right mixture of head and heart (Emotional Intelligence) &amp; the new wellness trend Rama’s orange peel emotional intelligence. Research Limitations: Innovative technologies and rapid changes in the business environment have created corporate managers undesirable traits like anxiety, fear, worries, stress, and strain in the lifestyles of individuals. Opening the doors of Head &amp; Heart (Emotional Intelligence) through Rama’s orange peel emotional intelligence can reframe and transform the limitations. In the current research, an attempt is made by the researchers to comprehend the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Ramayana to explain Rama’s orange peel emotional intelligence. Originality/Value: So with compelling changes in the present dynamic, scientific, and business environment the paper throws light on what the corporate world looks like from managers is a new strategies that are followed at the workplace and different yardsticks that are used to judge people because they not only judge how smart you are, what is your experience or what is your educational qualification but also how well you are able to tackle yourself and others through Rama’s orange peel emotional intelligence. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary &amp; primary evidence. There are many characters in the Ramayana, with each one having good and bad qualities. Many characters are alike in intelligence but differ in their ethical characteristics. Hence, researchers have put their effort into giving intelligence ratings as well as ethical ratings to the major characters in the research. However, this is not a definitive list.

Terminology of e-Oral Health: Consensus Report of the IADR’s e-Oral Health Network Terminology Task Force

ObjectiveAuthors reported multiple definitions of e-oral health and related terms, and used several definitions interchangeably, like mhealth, teledentistry, teleoral medicine and telehealth. The International Association of Dental Research e-Oral Health Network (e-OHN) aimed to establish a consensus on terminology related to digital technologies used in oral healthcare.MethodThe Crowdsourcing Delphi method used in this study comprised of four main stages. In the first stage, the task force created a list of terms and definitions around digital health technologies based on the literature and established a panel of experts. Inclusion criteria for the panellists were: to be actively involved in either research and/or working in e-oral health fields; and willing to participate in the consensus process. In the second stage, an email-based consultation was organized with the panel of experts to confirm an initial set of terms. In the third stage, consisted of: a) an online meeting where the list of terms was presented and refined; and b) a presentation at the 2022-IADR annual meeting. The fourth stage consisted of two rounds of feedback to solicit experts’ opinion about the terminology and group discussion to reach consensus. A Delphi-questionnaire was sent online to all experts to independently assess a) the appropriateness of the terms, and b) the accompanying definitions, and vote on whether they agreed with them. In a second round, each expert received an individualised questionnaire, which presented the expert’s own responses from the first round and the panellists’ overall response (% agreement/disagreement) to each term. It was decided that 70% or higher agreement among experts on the terms and definitions would represent consensus.ResultsThe study led to the identification of an initial set of 43 terms. The list of initial terms was refined to a core set of 37 terms. Initially, 34 experts took part in the consensus process about terms and definitions. From them, 27 experts completed the first rounds of consultations, and 15 the final round of consultations. All terms and definitions were confirmed via online voting (i.e., achieving above the agreed 70% threshold), which indicate their agreed recommendation for use in e-oral health research, dental public health, and clinical practice.ConclusionThis is the first study in oral health organised to achieve consensus in e-oral health terminology. This terminology is presented as a resource for interested parties. These terms were also conceptualised to suit with the new healthcare ecosystem and the place of e-oral health within it. The universal use of this terminology to label interventions in future research will increase the homogeneity of future studies including systematic reviews.

Using Auschwitz Prisoner Numbers to Correct Deportation Lists

A list of the first Jews deported from Compiègne, France on 27 March 1942 to Auschwitz-Birkenau was never found. Similarly, there is no known arrival list for this convoy. All the 1112 men entered the camp, were assigned prisoner numbers, and were then tattooed. In 1978, Serge Klarsfeld created a list by assembling sub-lists from WWII and immediate post-war sources. Despite significant ongoing research by Klarsfeld and others, no definitive list was ever compiled. Material recorded and maintained by the Nazis (daily count book, death registers, entry cards) pertaining to this early period does exist. This paper demonstrates how systematic use of Auschwitz prisoner numbers combined with French censuses and metrical records enabled us to significantly revise our records of who was deported in this transport, by eliminating dozens of names, amending many more, and adding several others.

Unified Language for Knowledge Dissemination: The Vascular Ageing Glossary, an Initiative by VascAgeNet

ObjectivesIn general, a terminology shared and agreed by different stakeholders is important to facilitate communication and cooperation. This holds true in the field of vascular ageing for the benefit of global cardiovascular health. The need to promote a common language and understanding across this area was recognised by VascAgeNet, a collaborative network with relevant and diverse expertise in the vascular ageing field, supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. To contribute to the spread of unified terms in the vascular ageing field, a glossary was created by VascAgeNet and this paper describes the systematic process used for its development.MethodsAn initial list of terms and preliminary definitions were collated from the network. A dedicated team was created to design the glossary development process, to facilitate its implementation and to maximise outreach and dissemination. The key steps of the process were to determine: (1) the target audience; (2) a list of priority terms; (3) a template structure for definitions; (4) methods for collecting feedback and (5) the dissemination plan.ResultsAn implementation strategy was provided for each key step and shared within the network; main decisions were agreed by all members of the glossary team. Small groups of definitions were released on a regular basis within a pilot phase including 19 terms (status: 05.09.2023) that were published openly at https://vascagenet.eu/official-glossary.ConclusionsThe strategy for creating the first Vascular Ageing Glossary has been successfully designed and developed within VascAgeNet. A pilot phase covering the first publicly available terms was completed. The glossary is a living document, available to the scientific community, which aims to unify the vascular ageing language.

On Defining Smart Cities using Transformer Neural Networks

Cities worldwide are rapidly adopting “smart” technologies, transforming urban life. Despite this trend, a universally accepted definition of “smart city” remains elusive. Past efforts to define it haven’t yielded a consensus, as evidenced by the numerous definitions in use. In this paper, we endeavored to create a new “compromise” definition that should resonate with most experts previously involved in defining this concept and aimed to validate one of the existing definitions. We reviewed 60 definitions of smart cities from industry, academia, and various relevant organizations, employing transformer architecture-based generative AI and semantic text analysis to reach this compromise. We proposed a semantic similarity measure as an evaluation technique, which could generally be used to compare different smart city definitions, assessing their uniqueness or resemblance. Our methodology employed generative AI to analyze various existing definitions of smart cities, generating a list of potential new composite definitions. Each of these new definitions was then tested against the pre-existing individual definitions we’ve gathered, using cosine similarity as our metric. This process identified smart city definitions with the highest average cosine similarity, semantically positioning them as the closest on average to all the 60 individual definitions selected.

Whited Sepulchers: Exploring Explanations for White Overrepresentation in Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation

ABSTRACT This analysis is concerned with the documented-yet-seldom-examined overrepresentation of whites in the US in online child sexual abuse and exploitation or OCSAE. First, we examine two sources of data which indicate an overrepresentation of whites in online child sexual abuse and exploitation including U.S. federal sentencing data and a rapid evidence review of relevant academic research. Second, this analysis then considers potential explanations for this disparity including both differential enforcement and differential involvement. Differential enforcement explanations include the possibility that the disparity is the result of differing law enforcement, prosecutorial, or sentencing practices or varying reporting practices among racial/ethnic groups. The differential involvement explanations considered include differing structures of opportunity (e.g., access and quality of internet available by race), possible variations in sexual fetishism and pornography consumption between racial groups, and the role of victim race in sexual abuse and exploitation. It is likely impossible to provide a definitive list of potential explanations in a single manuscript. This analysis thus considers those explanations that we consider either to be the most likely or are the most apparent.

Development of explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multidisciplinary qualitative study.

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients has changed over the past decade, and a large number of antidiabetic drug treatment options are now available. This complexity poses challenges for healthcare professionals and may result in potentially inappropriate prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus which can be limited using screening tools. The effectiveness of explicit tools such as lists of potentially inappropriate prescriptions has been widely demonstrated. The aim was to set up nominal groups of healthcare professionals from several disciplines and develop a list of explicit definition of potentially inappropriate prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs. In a qualitative, nominal-groups approach, 30 diabetologists, general practitioners, and pharmacists in France developed explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A nominal group technique is a structured method that encourages all the participants to contribute and makes it easier to reach an agreement quickly. Each meeting lasted for two hours. The three nominal groups comprised 14 pharmacists, 10 diabetologists, and 6 general practitioners and generated 89 explicit definitions. These definitions were subsequently merged and validated by the steering committee and nominal group participants, resulting in 38 validated explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs. The definitions encompassed four contexts: (i) the temporary discontinuation of a medication during acute illness (n = 9; 24%), (ii) dose level adjustments (n = 23; 60%), (iii) inappropriate treatment initiation (n = 3; 8%), and (iv) the need for further monitoring in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 3; 8%). The results of our qualitative study show that it is possible to develop a specific list of explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by gathering the opinions of healthcare professionals caring for these patients. This list of 38 explicit definitions necessitates additional confirmation by expert consensus before use in clinical practice.