In the aftermath of a pandemic, companies struggle with survival and expansion issues. Companies are increasingly paying attention to their capital structure, which is vital for competitiveness, profitability, and financial stability. This paper looks at how long-term debt ratio (LTDR) and short-term debt ratio (STDR) affect return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). This paper wants to untangle the complex interactions among the financial profiles of S&P 500 firms covering the years 2010 to 2023. The findings suggest that while STDR adversely influences both, OLS regression shows LTDR's favorable relationship to ROA and ROE. Including firm size and liquidity (LQDT) improves the model's explaining ability. In the post-crisis age, financial stability and performance improvement depend on strategic capital structure decisions. Considering all factors, this article contributes to the ongoing discussion by examining how enhancing capital structures can boost businesses' resilience and performance in the wake of global events.