Lipidemic Profile Research Articles

Protective role of apigenin nanoparticles in cisplatin induced cardiotoxicity in rats

Purpose This study aims to assess the effect of both apigenin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and apigenin only against cisplatin (CP)-induced experimental cardiotoxicity. Design/methodology/approach A total of 32Wister rats (male) were randomly divided (n = 8) into four groups. Normal control group, CP group received CP (20 mg/kg); treated group I received CP and then received apigenin (0.78 mg/kg/day) orally; treated group II received CP and then received apigenin loaded ZnONPs. At the end of the experiment (10 days), samples were extracted from each rat for the assessment of complete blood picture, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, oxidative status, inflammatory and cardiotoxicity markers as well as histological examination. Findings The results indicated that CP produced significant alterations in the complete blood picture, lipidemic profile, atherogenic indices, antioxidation capacity and cardiac inflammatory markers as well as function enzymes as compared with the control group. Administration of apigenin only showed a non-significant change in the atherogenic indices, oxidative status and cardiotoxicity parameters, indicating incomplete cardio-protection against CP upon. Additionally, all the observed alterations in CP group were reversed when apigenin nanoparticle at lower dose was used with ZnONPs which was also confirmed by histopathological investigation. Originality/value The apigenin loaded ZnONPs exert protective effects against CP-induced experimental cardiotoxicity and improved cardiac function, suggesting a potential adjuvant role of apigenin nanoparticles against cardiotoxicity.

Combined Effects of Physical Activity and Diet on Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any biological/biochemical index, quality of life (QoL), and depression in breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach, and liver cancer patients and/or cancer survivors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken, using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review protocol can be found in the PROSPERO database; registration number: CRD42023481429. We found moderate-quality evidence that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and nutrition/diet reduced body mass index, body weight, fat mass, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and depression, while it increased high-density lipoprotein, the physical component of QoL, and general functional assessment of cancer therapy. We conclude that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and diet/nutrition may decrease body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and inflammation, and improve lipidemic profile, the physical component of QoL, and depression in cancer patients and survivors. These outcomes indicate a lower risk for carcinogenesis; however, their applicability depends on the heterogeneity of the population and interventions, as well as the potential medical treatment of cancer patients and survivors.

Comparing the effects of different extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) doses and polyphenols concentration on the lipidemic profile and hemodynamic parameters in patients with hyperlipidemia

Comparing the effects of different extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) doses and polyphenols concentration on the lipidemic profile and hemodynamic parameters in patients with hyperlipidemia

Mediterranean diet effects on vascular health and serum levels of adipokines and ceramides.

A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on vascular health indices such as endothelial function indices, serum lipid and ceramide plasma and some adipokine serum levels. We recruited all consecutive patients at high risk of cardiovascular diseases admitted to the Internal Medicine and Stroke Care ward at the University Hospital of Palermo between September 2017 and December 2020. The enrolled subjects, after the evaluation of the degree of adherence to a dietary regimen of the Mediterranean-style diet, were randomised to a Mediterranean Diet (group A) assessing the adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet at each follow up visit (every three months) for the entire duration of the study (twelve months) and to a Low-fat diet (group B) with a dietary "counselling" starting every three months for the entire duration of the study (twelve months).The aims of the study were to evaluate: the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on some surrogate markers of vascular damage, such as endothelial function measured by means of the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIX), at the 6-(T1) and 12-month (T2) follow-ups; the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the lipidaemic profile and on serum levels of ceramides at T1 and T2 follow-ups; the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on serum levels of visfatin, adiponectin and resistin at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. A total of 101 patients were randomised to a Mediterranean Diet style and 52 control subjects were randomised to a low-fat diet with a dietary "counselling". At the six-month follow-up (T1), subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group showed significantly lower mean serum total cholesterol levels, and significantly higher increase in reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) values compared to the low-fat diet group. Patients in the Mediterranean Diet group also showed lower serum levels of resistin and visfatin at the six-month follow-up compared to the control group, as well as higher values ​​of adiponectin, lower values of C24:0, higher values of C22:0 and higher values of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio. At the twelve-month follow-up (T2), subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group showed lower serum total cholesterol levels and lower serum LDL cholesterol levels than those in the control group. At the twelve-month follow-up, we also observed a further significant increase in the mean RHI in the Mediterranean Diet group, lower serum levels of resistin and visfatin, lower values of C24:0 and of C:18:0,and higher values of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio. The findings of our current study offer a further possible explanation with regard to the beneficial effects of a higher degree of adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet on multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Moreover, these findings provide an additional plausible interpretation of the results from observational and cohort studies linking high adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet with lower total mortality and a decrease in cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04873167. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04873167.

The role of natural anti-oxidants in gut microbiota alteration subsequent to high fat diet (HFD)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): PON-MIUR 000_78 Evidence exists that the gut microbiota contributes to the alterations of lipid metabolism associated with high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the gut microbiota has been found to modulate the metabolism and absorption of dietary lipids, thereby affecting the formation of lipoproteins occurring at the intestinal level as well as systemically, though the pathophysiological implication of altered microbiota composition in HFD and its role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ATVD) remain to be better clarified. Recently, evidence has been collected indicating that supplementation with natural polyphenols and fibres accounts for an improvement of HFD-associated intestinal dysbiosis, thereby leading to improved lipidaemic profile. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a bergamot polyphenolic extract (BPE) containing 48% polyphenols enriched with albedo and pulp-derived micronized fibres (BMF) in the gut microbiota of HFD-induced dyslipidaemia. In particular, rats that received an HFD over a period of four consecutive weeks showed a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose compared to a normal-fat diet (NFD) group. This effect was accompanied by body weight increase and alteration of lipoprotein size and concentration, followed by high levels of MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with a combination of BPE plus BMF (50/50%) resulted in a significant reduction in alterations of the metabolic parameters found in HFD-fed rats, an effect associated with increased size of lipoproteins. Furthermore, the effect of BPE plus BMF treatment on metabolic balance and lipoprotein size re-arrangement was associated with reduced gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, an effect subsequent to improved gut microbiota as expressed by modulation of the Gram-negative bacteria Proteobacteria, as well as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This study suggests that nutraceutical supplementation of HFD-fed rats with BPE and BMP or with their combination product leads to restored gut microbiota, an effect associated with lipoprotein size re-arrangement and better lipidaemic and metabolic profiles.

Long-Term Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Reduces 20-Year Diabetes Incidence: The ATTICA Cohort Study (2002-2022).

This study aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the 20-year incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults from the ATTICA study. This study involved a prospective cohort of 3042 men and women recruited at baseline from the Attica region in Greece. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examinations; adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed through the MedDietScore (range 0-55); four Mediterranean diet trajectories were identified (i.e., increasing, decreasing, and sustained high and sustained low adherence levels). For the present analysis, data from 2000 individuals with complete information were used (age 43 ± 13 years; 49% men). Over the 20-year period, 26.3% (95%CI 24.4%, 28.3%) of participants developed T2DM; men exhibited a 1.5-times higher incidence compared to women (p < 0.001). Individuals consistently close to the Mediterranean diet throughout the studied period had an improved glycemic and lipidemic profile (at baseline and at 10-y follow-up) (all p-values < 0.001) and showed a 21% reduction in their 20-year risk of developing T2DM compared to those who were consistently away (RR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.47, 0.86). A long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet is protective against the onset of T2DM and, therefore, could be incorporated in public health actions for the prevention of the disease.

Effect of fish-oil supplementation on the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pregnant women have physiological metabolic changes in glycemic and lipid profiles that are essential for fetal development. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of fish-oil-capsule supplementation on the glycemic and lipid profiles of pregnant women. A systematic search was conducted of the MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases and gray literature, including preprints for all relevant studies published in English, with no date restrictions. The estimated pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model and represented by mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed with R software, version 4.2.1, using the "Meta" packages, versions 6.0-0. Fifteen eligible studies were included after screening. In a pooled analysis, overall fish-oil supplementation had no effect on parameters compared with placebo. In the subgroup analysis, fish-oil supplementation may be beneficial in insulin (MD: -2.11 IU/mL; 95% CI: -3.86, -0.36) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29) indices, with heterogeneity (I2 =0%) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In the subgroup with doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) below 200 mg, there was a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group (MD: -0.60; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.06). Pregnant women taking fish-oil capsules showed significant beneficial changes in the subgroups of type 2 diabetes and EPA dosages below 200 mg for insulin and HOMA-IR.

The Effects of a Short-Term Combined Exercise Program on Liver Steatosis Indices and the Lipidemic and Glycemic Profile in NAFLD Individuals: A Pilot Study.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common liver disease associated with obesity, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical exercise. Short-term aerobic or resistance exercise has been shown to result in reduced liver fat in patients with NAFLD; however, the impact of the combination of these types of exercise has received less attention. This study investigated the effect of a short-term (7 days) concurrent exercise training program performed daily on liver steatosis indices, as well as the glycemic and lipidemic profile of overweight/obese sedentary volunteers. Twenty adult patients (age: 47.3 ± 12.3 yrs, body mass index: 32.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2) with NAFLD, detected by ultrasound and hematological indices, participated in the study. Pre- and post-exercise intervention assessment included body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hip/waist ratio (H/W), Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipids, and steatosis indices. Fatty Liver Index, Lipid Accumulation Index, WC, H/W, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were improved (p < 0.05) post-exercise, while no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW, HOMA-IR, HDL, LDL, Hepatic Steatosis Index, and Framingham Steatosis Index compared to pre-exercise values. It is concluded that a 7-day combined exercise program can have beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis and central adiposity indices, independently of weight loss, in patients with NAFLD.

SAT380 Clinical, Metabolic And Hormonal Profile In Women Carrying Cyp21a2 Mutations

Abstract Disclosure: S. Livadas: None. D.G. Goulis: None. E. Belardinelli: None. E. Armeni: None. B. Solmi: None. S. veneti: None. I. Lambrinoudaki: None. C. Cecchetti: None. D.P. Macut: None. A. Gambineri: None. Background: Heterozygote (HET) CYP21A2 gene mutations are present in 5-10% of the general Mediterranean population. Despite that homozygotes suffer from classical or non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NC-CAH), a survival advantage has been suggested for heterozygote carriers. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, metabolic and hormonal profile in reproductive age women with CYP21A2 HET. Methods: Data from 56 HET women were compared with 105 controls, 64 untreated women with NC-CAH and 63 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of similar age and body mass index. Results: The prevalence of hirsutism (54 vs. 8%) and acne (44 vs. 4%) was higher in HET than controls. The degree of menstrual irregularities was similar between HET and NC-CAH and worse than controls. The lipid profile was better in HET than PCOS (Cholesterol 170.2±37.1 vs. 187. 7±39.3 mg/dl, HDL 61.4±26.1 vs. 46.8±8.6 mg/dl), but similar to NC-CAH. Testosterone (0.78±0.45 vs. 0.50±0.25 ng/dl), SHBG (38.2±20.1 vs. 56.2±31.4 nmol/l), FAI (9.56±3.45 vs. 5.37±1.24) and DHEAS concentrations (2.62±1.31 vs. 1.27±0.94 nmol/l) were similar to HET, NC-CAH and PCOS and significantly higher than controls as well as insulin (13.88±7.96 vs. 7.51±2.82 IU/l) and HOMA-IR (2.95±1.60 vs. 1.65±0.67). Δ4- androstenedione (5.97±2.88 vs. 8.80±3.45 ng/ml) and 17(OH)-progesterone (4.32±2.02 vs. 13.75±8.34 ng/ml) concentrations were lower in HET than in NC-CAH, but higher than PCOS and controls. Finally, ovarian PCO morphology prevalence was similar in HET than NC-CAH and PCOS. Conclusions: HET display a favorable lipidemic profile, but a similar degree of hyperandrogenic signs, menstrual disturbances, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia and ovarian morphology than women with PCOS or NC-CAH. Therefore, these women, when identified, should be followed-up. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Type IIx muscle fibers are related to poor body composition, glycemic and lipidemic blood profiles in young females: the protective role of type I and IIa muscle fibers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between muscle fiber composition, body composition, resting glycemic-lipidemic blood profiles, in apparently healthy, young, active females. Thirty-four young healthy female volunteers were allocated into two groups, depending on their Vastus Lateralis type IIx muscle fibers percent cross-sectional area (%CSA; H: high type IIx %CSA; L: low type IIx %CSA). Body composition was determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Venous blood samples were collected for the determination of resting serum glucose, Insulin, Apo-A1, HOMA-IR, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations. Nutritional intake was also evaluated. Individuals of the H group have significantly higher body mass, body fat percentage-mass, and resting blood indices of glycemic and lipidemic profiles, compared to those of L group (p < 0.001). Increased type IIx and low type I, IIa muscle fibers %CSAs were linked with poorer body composition, glycemic and lipidemic blood profiles (r: - 0.722 to 0.740, p < 0.001). Linear regression analyses revealed that the impact of muscle fibers %CSA (B coefficients ranged between - 0.700 and 0.835) on the above parameters, was at least, of the same or even of greater magnitude as that of body composition and daily nutritional intake (B: - 0.700 to 0.666). Increased type IIx and low Type I, IIa %CSAs are associated with poorer body composition and glycemic-lipidemic profiles in young healthy females. The contribution of the muscle fiber %CSA on health status seems to be comparable to that of nutrition and body composition.

Glycaemic and Lipidemic Profile of Type-2 Diabetic Adults: An Intervention Study with Capparis Decidua

Glycaemic and Lipidemic Profile of Type-2 Diabetic Adults: An Intervention Study with Capparis Decidua

Bergamot Polyphenolic Extract Combined with Albedo and Pulp Fibres Counteracts Changes in Gut Microbiota Associated with High-Fat Diet: Implications for Lipoprotein Size Re-Arrangement.

Evidence exists that the gut microbiota contributes to the alterations of lipid metabolism associated with high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the gut microbiota has been found to modulate the metabolism and absorption of dietary lipids, thereby affecting the formation of lipoproteins occurring at the intestinal level as well as systemically, though the pathophysiological implication of altered microbiota composition in HFD and its role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ATVD) remain to be better clarified. Recently, evidence has been collected indicating that supplementation with natural polyphenols and fibres accounts for an improvement of HFD-associated intestinal dysbiosis, thereby leading to improved lipidaemic profile. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a bergamot polyphenolic extract (BPE) containing 48% polyphenols enriched with albedo and pulp-derived micronized fibres (BMF) in the gut microbiota of HFD-induced dyslipidaemia. In particular, rats that received an HFD over a period of four consecutive weeks showed a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose compared to a normal-fat diet (NFD) group. This effect was accompanied by body weight increase and alteration of lipoprotein size and concentration, followed by high levels of MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with a combination of BPE plus BMF (50/50%) resulted in a significant reduction in alterations of the metabolic parameters found in HFD-fed rats, an effect associated with increased size of lipoproteins. Furthermore, the effect of BPE plus BMF treatment on metabolic balance and lipoprotein size re-arrangement was associated with reduced gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, an effect subsequent to improved gut microbiota as expressed by modulation of the Gram-negative bacteria Proteobacteria, as well as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This study suggests that nutraceutical supplementation of HFD-fed rats with BPE and BMP or with their combination product leads to restored gut microbiota, an effect associated with lipoprotein size re-arrangement and better lipidaemic and metabolic profiles.

Anti-dyslipidemic and anti-hypercholesteremic effects of concoction juice: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

Globally, dyslipidemia is an alarming condition, which may cause death. However, its country-wise ratio varies. In Pakistan, it is about 16–20% in both men and women. Dyslipidemia can be defined as the up level quantity of lipids in blood than the average value. The treatment of dyslipidemia can be done by dietary interventions with indigenous sources. The (Concoction) juice has the ability to reduce the low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs). and raise the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. For efficacy studies, dyslipidemic females (n = 1010) were approached in different clinics and hospitals of Sargodha. They were approached with biomarkers, that is, lipidemic profile, TC, HDL, urea, creatinine, and TGs. A total of 85 females were selected and they were divided into three groups (T0, L1 and M1). T0 is an experimental (control) group, T1 group has -dyslipidemic patients treated with lab-made juice, and M1 has dyslipidemic patients treated with -market products. After 120 days of treatment, the data were analyzed statistically to validate the results of the study. The -anthropometric and dietary intake was assessed by dyslipidemic volunteers. A significant level of -dyslipidemic biomarker was found in L1. The down level was found in TC (216-184 mg/dL), TGs (215.54-138.46 mg/dL), and LDL (145.64-134.34 mg/dL), and raised level was found in HDL (44.15-54.43 mg/dL). Other parameters that showed a -downward trend were urea (12.73-11.15 mg/dL), uric acid (6.12-5.38 mg/dL), creatinine (1.02-1.0 mg/dL), ALT (55-34 u/l), AST (47-27 u/l), ALP (91.63-83.76 IU/L), bilirubin (0.65 to 0.57 mg/dl), RBCs, WBCs, and Hb. Based on these results, it is concluded that lab-made concoction L1 showed best results overall and is also appropriate and cost effective and further research has to be done on a large scale.

A comprehensive wellness profile in sedentary office employees: Health, musculoskeletal pains, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices.

One of the most important steps for the successful designing, execution, and sustainability of a workplace wellness program is the evaluation stage. The purpose of this research was to create a comprehensive wellness profile through selected and reliable testing protocols used for the evaluation of health, functional capacity, and physical fitness in office employees. One hundred office employees (32-55year-old) were evaluated to create a comprehensive wellness profile. Health indices (body composition, blood pressure, respiratory function, lipidemic profile), musculoskeletal pains, functional capacity, physical fitness (cervical, handgrip, back, leg strength, cardiorespiratory fitness), and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity levels, viewing habits, smoking, alcohol consumption) were measured. Thirty of the participants performed two assessment sessions to examine the reliability of functional capacity and physical fitness indices. A significant proportion of employees were overweight (40.7%) and obese (18.5%). The largest percentage of employees (78%) presented musculoskeletal problems in various areas of the body (higher rates in lower back, neck, and/or hip). A large percentage of the employees (40-65%) showed low-moderate levels in selected indices of health, physical activity (<6000 steps/day), functional capacity and physical fitness, and high levels of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The test-retest reliability for the assessment of functional capacity and physical fitness profile was high for all testing variables (ICC = 0.92-0.99; SEM% = 2.5-4.5). The testing protocols are reliable and can be used in conjunction with the reference values created to evaluate selected health and wellness indicators in office-employees.

The metabolic effects of hormonal treatment in transgender males: Safety of the testosterone gender-affirming therapy.

Gender dysphoria is characterised by a sense of distress because of discordance between the self-perception of gender identity and the assigned sex. Hormonal treatment of transgender males uses testosterone to induce and preserve masculinisation. The study investigated the safety of testosterone therapy in transgender males. The present study used a retrospective file review of transgender male subjects who were treated with testosterone (initially transdermal testosterone gel and subsequently parenteral testosterone undecanoate) for at least 18 months and had subsequently achieved a serum testosterone level within the normal range of cisgender male counterparts. Changes in somatometric data and blood biomarkers were investigated. The mean testosterone serum levels after approximately 18 months of treatment were about 545 ng/dL (SD ± 94 ng/dL). There was a statistically significant rise in body mass index (𝜒d = +1.23 kg/m2) with a reduction in blood glucose (𝜒d = -5.33 mg/dL) as well as statistically significant increases in aspartate transaminase (𝜒d = +4.3 U/L), haemoglobin (𝜒d = +1.72 g/dL), and haematocrit (𝜒d = +4.76%). In contrast, there were no significant changes in the lipidaemic profile of the subjects. Treatment with testosterone is routinely used for the promotion of virilising physical changes in transgender males. However, the likelihood of adverse effects of continuous treatment is still unclear. This study contributed to the notion that achieving testosterone levels within the target range is a prerequisite for the safety of the gender-affirming treatment.

Nutrition, body composition and physical activity have differential impact on the determination of lipidemic blood profiles between young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations

IntroductionThis cross-sectional study explored whether nutrition, body composition, and physical activity energy expenditure (PAΕΝ) have a differential impact on lipidemic blood profiles among young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations. MethodsOne hundred thirty-five young female students (N = 135) were allocated into three groups according to their blood cholesterol concentrations (Chol): (A) Normal [NL; Chol: < 200 mg·dL-1; n = 56 Age: 21.4 ± 2.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.1 ± 2.0 kg·m-2], (B) Borderline (BL; Chol: ≥200 mg·dL-1 and <240 mg·dL-1; n = 44 Age: 21.6 ± 2.5 yrs, BMI: 24.2 ± 3.1 kg·m-2) and (C) High level (HL; Chol: ≥240 mg·dL-1; n = 35 Age: 22.5 ± 2.4 yrs, BMI: 28.9 ± 2.1 kg·m-2). Body composition [bioelectrical impedance analysis including lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass], nutritional intake (recall questionnaire), daily physical activity energy expenditure through activity trackers and resting blood lipids concentrations were evaluated. ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses revealed that in the NL group, lean mass, daily PAΕΝ and daily energy balance were the determinant parameters of blood lipidemic profiles (B: −0.815 to 0.700). In the BL group, nutrition, body composition and daily physical activity energy expenditure exhibited similar impacts (B: −0.440 to 0.478). In the HL group, nutritional intake and body fat mass determined blood lipidemic profile (B: −0.740 to 0.725). ConclusionNutrition, body composition and daily PAΕΝ impact on blood lipids concentration is not universal among young females. In NL females, PAEN, energy expenditure and LBM are the strongest determinants of blood lipids, while in HL females, nutritional intake and body fat mass are. As PAΕΝ increases, the importance of nutrition and body fat decreases, and vice versa.

Rosuvastatin Attenuates Progression of Atherosclerosis and Reduces Serum IL6 and CCL2 Levels in Apolipoprotein-E-deficient Mice.

Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice develop atherosclerotic lesions that closely resemble metabolic syndrome in humans. We sought to investigate how rosuvastatin mitigates the atherosclerotic profile of Apoe-/- mice over time and its effects on certain inflammatory chemokines. Eighteen Apoe-/- mice were allocated into three groups of six mice each receiving: standard chow diet (SCD; control group); high-fat diet (HFD); and HFD and rosuvastatin at 5 mg/kg/d orally via gavage for 20 weeks. Analysis of aortic plaques and lipid deposition was conducted by means of en face Sudan IV staining and Oil Red O staining. Serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels were determined at baseline and after 20 weeks of treatment. Serum interleukin 6 (IL6), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the time of euthanasia. The lipidemic profile of Apoe-/- mice on HFD deteriorated over time. Apoe-/- mice on HFD developed atherosclerotic lesions over time. Sudan IV and Oil Red O-stained sections of the aorta revealed increased plaque formation and plaque lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice compared with SCD-fed mice and reduced plaque development in HFD-fed mice treated with rosuvastatin compared with mice not receiving statin treatment. Serum analysis revealed reduced metabolic parameters in HFD-fed mice on rosuvastatin compared with non-statin, HFD-fed mice. At the time of euthanasia, HFD-fed mice treated with rosuvastatin had significantly lower IL6 as well as CCL2 levels when compared with HFD-fed mice not receiving rosuvastatin. TNFα levels were comparable among all groups of mice, irrespective of treatment. IL6 and CCL2 positively correlated with the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and lipid deposition in atherosclerotic plaques. Serum IL6 and CCL2 levels might potentially be used as clinical markers of progression of atherosclerosis during statin treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

Modulation of Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein Subfractions in Overweight/Obese Women at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases through the Consumption of Apple/Berry Juice

Polyphenol-rich foods protect the cellular systems of the human body from oxidative damage, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the effect of phenolic-rich apple/berry juice (chokeberry, blueberry, and cranberry) on lipidemic profiles in overweight/obese women. The 6 week single-arm pre-post intervention study involved 20 women (mean age 52.95 ± 5.8 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and ≥1 CVD risk factors) consuming 300 mL/day of the apple/berry juice. Lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions assessed using Lipoprint® electrophoresis, and other parameters related to cardiovascular risk (C-reactive protein, glucose, blood pressure) were analyzed before and again after the intervention in the monitored group of women. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased from 1.30 ± 0.29 to 1.55 ± 0.32, magnesium from 0.85 ± 0.03 to 0.90 ± 0.05, and total antioxidant status from 1.68 ± 0.08 to 1.81 ± 0.10. The LDL/HDL ratio significantly decreased from 3.40 ± 0.99 to 2.66 ± 0.63 mmol/L, and the glucose from 5.50 ± 0.72 to 5.24 ± 0.74 mmol/L. However, the hs-CRP did not change significantly. Women with atherogenic subfractions LDL3-7 at baseline (n = 6) showed a significant reduction from 0.45 ± 0.19 to 0.09 ± 0.07 mmol/L. Overweight/obese women may benefit from apple/berry juice as part of a healthy lifestyle to improve their lipid profile, and thus, contribute to cardiovascular health.

Changes in TRG/ApoA-1 ratio, TRG/HDL-C ratio and lipid serum profile after combination therapy with valsartan/amlodipine in prediabetic patients

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction-Purpose The combination of valsartan with amlodipine is a commonly administered combination of an agonist ATII (angiotensin receptor II) and CCB (calcium channel blocker) for the management of hypertension. There is already data from different studies that describe the effect of each of those medications in the lipidemic profile. Ratios TRG/ApoA-1, TRG/HDLC are useful markers of insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the fixed combination of valsartan/amlodipine 160/5mg per day on the levels of serum lipids, as well as the levels of serum apolipoproteins and the TRG/ApoA-1, TRG/HDLC ratios, in patients with stage 2 hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160-179 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 100-109 mmHg) and prediabetes (IFG/IGT), before and after the 3-month treatment. Methods Data from 54 patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic for lipid metabolism disorders during the period 2014-2018 and had been randomized in the valsartan/amlodipine group 160/5mg per day. Those patients (33 male/21 female from whom 14 were smokers and 8 alcohol users) all completed the study successfully with mean BMI: 28.09[26.81-29.89]. The median values of SBP and DBP for the sample group were: 162 [159.25-165] και 100 [92-103.75] mmHg, respectively. The levels of apolipoproteins B, A-1, Lp(a) and E were measured prior to the beginning of treatment and 3-months after its administration. Results The resulting alternations of SBP and DBP levels before and after the 3-month treatment, as well as the changes of serum lipid, apolipoprotein levels and TRG/ApoA-1, TRG/HDL-C ratios are presented in Table 1. Conclusions From the sample group it seems like that the 3-month therapy with valsartan/amlodipine improved statistically significant both SBP and DBP levels (decreased by -13.58% and -13% respectively, p&amp;lt;0.001 for both values). Concerning lipid levels, no significant variation was observed across the board. Finally, no significant change was observed in apolipoprotein levels and TRG/ApoA-1, TRG/HDL-C ratios.

Assessment of the glycemic and lipidemic profile of patients suffering from bipolar disorder.

Background: Impaired glycemic profile and cognitive impairment are generally associated with bipolar disorders. Patients on long-term use of psychotropic drugs are more prone to other medical abnormalities etc. The study's objective was to assess the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of patients with bipolar disorder reported at a tertiary care hospital in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a private hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from January 2020 to June 2021. A total of 400 patients were enrolled in the study, and the sample size was calculated using a WHO calculator. Blood tests were performed for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting glucose, and triglycerides (TG). Results: Of the total 400 enrolled patients, 84.0% (n=336) had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder while rest of the 16.0% (n=64) had Schizophrenia. No statistical difference was found in the metabolic parameters following the primary diagnosis. As for pharmacological parameters, patients with bipolar disorders were receiving more psychiatric medicines than schizophrenic patients with a p-value &lt; 0.001. Conclusion: It is concluded that the levels of HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol were significantly elevated in the manic condition compared to the Euthymic phase and by improving their glycemic and lipidemic profiles, cognitive dysfunction might be rectified, and functioning can be improved.