Lipid and polymeric nanocarriers for siRNA delivery to the brain.

Investigation of structural and thermal properties of solid lipid-based nanocarriers optimized by microfluidic synthesis.

Fusogenic lipid nanocarriers: Nature-inspired design for advanced drug delivery systems.

Unlocking the potential of lipid nanoparticles for enhanced glioma therapy: Recent advancements and future perspectives.

Size-dependent cellular association of cubosomes as nanocarriers.

Evaluation of emulsification behavior of two dual centrifuge types aided by CFD simulation.

Introduction: Present years have witnessed an unprecedented growth of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with limited scope for conventional therapeutics. Plant-derived active components (PACs) are being widely utilized as alternate, compatible, efficacious, eco-friendly strategies to ameliorate therapeutic benefits in AD while minimizing toxic effects. However, delivery of PACs in the regular dosage form often faces challenges due to low stability and bioavailability, brainspecific delivery, dose-related toxic effects, etc., which can be subsided by experimentally fabricated Lipid Nano Drug Carriers (LNCs). The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review on recent progress in the PACs-loaded lipid nanocarriers (PLNs)-based therapeutic strategies for AD. Methods: For the study implementation, a systematic literature review was carried out from various scientific potential databases like Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, etc., and relevant evidence- based pre-clinical research data was pooled to draw conclusive outcomes. Results: LNCs are treated as promising avenues to effectively deliver various PACs into the brain due to their high lipophilicity with ultra-micron size and tunable surface features, which make them eligible to pass through the blood-brain barrier. Both passive and active targeting of PLNs has been explored to target AD by overcoming the off-target bio delivery problems. Conclusion: The review provided updated preclinical study-based data on the potentialities of PLNs in overcoming AD. Simultaneously, equal weightage was devoted to the issues faced beyond the laboratory in their successful technology transfer. The study would be beneficial in unveiling important insights into the implications of PLNs for their futuristic clinical applicability.

Nano vesicular approaches for the treatment of skin cancer.

Background/Objectives: Conventional anticancer drugs often exhibit limited solubility and bioavailability due to unfavorable physicochemical properties and inherent physiological barriers. To overcome these persistent challenges, nanocarriers have been developed to enhance drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Among these, lipid and polymeric nanocarriers (LP-NCs) have emerged as particularly promising candidates for anticancer drug delivery. These systems can be engineered for targeted delivery and tailored to respond to specific stimuli, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential. A notable advancement in this field is the development of smart light-responsive LP-NCs, which demonstrate superior performance over conventional nanocarriers by enabling controlled drug release in response to external light stimuli. Methods: This study presents a meta-analysis based on a curated selection of publications from multiple scientific databases and literature sources. The objective was to evaluate whether light-responsive LP-NCs offer superior anticancer drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy compared with their conventional counterparts. The primary outcome measure was the pharmacokinetic parameter area under the curve (AUC), derived from in vivo animal studies. Results: The analysis revealed a significant increase in AUC for light-responsive LP-NCs, indicating improved drug bioavailability and prolonged systemic exposure. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of LP-NCs as a promising strategy for enhancing targeted anticancer drug delivery. This approach could pave the way for more effective therapeutic interventions and warrants further investigation in future research and clinical trials.

The present research investigates the preclinical safety of a novel formulation (patent application number 202211045937, 5929IN008), comprising of tetrahydrocurcumin and folic acid coloaded nanostructured lipid carriers (THC-FA-NLCs) integrated into dissolvable patches (DP). The potential for skin irritation and acute dermal toxicity was assessed in rats as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines (402, 404, and 410). Additionally, cytotoxicity testing was performed using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Primary skin irritation study post topical application of THC-FA-NLCs-DP and Blank-DP to intact skin sites in rats, after 72 h, showed no adverse reactions. Furthermore, a 28-day repeated dermal toxicity study, followed by biochemical and histopathological analyses, revealed minimal alterations and no significant skin lesions. In cytotoxicity assays, THC-FA-NLCs-DP demonstrated negligible cytotoxic effects in HDF cells, which were further confirmed through histopathological evaluation. The safety demonstrated by the developed formulation in preclinical studies supports its further clinical investigation. These studies support the potential of THC-FA-NLCs-DP as a viable alternative for treating chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers.

Preservation and augmentation of existing antimicrobials is crucial in combating antimicrobial resistance. Gram-positive bacteria, exemplified by Staphylococcus aureus, are among the most common human bacterial pathogens, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) now established globally. Daptomycin is a last-line anti-staphylococcal antimicrobial that uniquely targets the bacterial membrane with bactericidal effects. Here, we developed lipid-based nanoparticles, namely cubosomes, to encapsulate daptomycin for targeted delivery via lipid-mediated interactions. Daptomycin-loaded cubosomes synergistically killed 14 clinical MRSA isolates in vitro compared with daptomycin or cubosomes alone. This synergy between daptomycin and cubosome was mediated by cubosomes docking on the S. aureus cell surface, releasing daptomycin for membrane extraction and penetration, followed by lipid cubosome infusion into S. aureus membranes. Using a murine septicemia model, daptomycin-loaded cubosomes significantly reduced the organ bacterial burden of MRSA. Together, these data showed that multifunctional lipid nanocarriers can potentiate the bactericidal activity of daptomycin using a membrane-targeted trojan-horse-like mechanism.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited curative options, particularly in advanced stages. Lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), have emerged as promising drug delivery platforms owing to their biocompatibility, versatility, and potential for pulmonary administration. This review highlights recent advances in lipid nanocarriers for lung cancer therapy, with a particular focus on NLCs and LNCs. We discuss key formulation strategies, including solvent-free processes and the use of FDA-approved excipients, as well as advances in drug encapsulation, combination therapies, and surface engineering. We also examine the integration of reverse micelle architectures, which enables the co-encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic agents within a single nanocarrier. Despite encouraging preclinical data, clinical translation of lipid-based nanocarriers, particularly NLCs and LNCs, remains limited due to challenges in large-scale manufacturing, biodistribution variability, rapid clearance, and lack of analytical standardization. We critically examine these barriers and discuss promising solutions such as Quality-by-Design approaches, lung-on-chip models, and advanced characterization tools. Finally, we outline future directions to bridge laboratory innovation and clinical translation, emphasizing the potential of lipid nanocarriers to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient safety in lung cancer treatment.

Revolutionizing colon-targeted drug delivery: The pivotal role of lipid nano-carriers and their transformative modifications

Ibrutinib-loaded lipid nanocarriers exhibit antitumor effect in a human ex vivo skin model of melanoma.

Aberrant activation of the complement system drives early synaptic loss and chronic neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we identified complement component C1q as a key upregulated target in AD and screened Alectinib (ALE), an FDA-approved kinase inhibitor, as a high-affinity C1q binder. To achieve brain-targeted delivery, ALE was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers camouflaged with microglial membranes (ALE@MM-NLCs). This biomimetic design enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and microglial uptake. In APP/PS1 mice, ALE@MM-NLCs improved cognitive performance and reduced C1q expression, β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, and glial activation, while promoting microglial M2-like polarization. Mechanistically, ALE@MM-NLCs suppressed oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and C1q-mediated synaptosome phagocytosis, thereby preventing proteasome-dependent synaptic degradation. These results highlight ALE@MM-NLCs as a promising immunomodulatory nanotherapy for synaptic preservation and early AD intervention.

Considering the world's growing interest in health-promoting phytochemicals, the current research investigated the development of a dual-captured Ginkgo Biloba and Green Tea Extract into Collagen-Nanostructured Lipid Nanocarriers (Col-NLC-GBil-GTE) for an enhanced therapeutic efficacy against hepatic, colon or breast cancer. NLC considerably reduced cell viability; the most advanced cytotoxicity profile was determined on human colon adenocarcinoma cells (LoVo) and liver cancer cells (HepG2), e.g., tumor cell viability was 21.81% in the presence of Col-NLC-GBil-GTE, similar to that determined for Cisplatin. Col-NLC exhibited apoptosis in HepG2 and LoVo cells and no significant apoptosis induction in normal HUVECs. A 20% increase in apoptosis for HepG2 cells was registered for 100 μg/mL NLC-GBil-GTE compared to Cisplatin (Cis-Pt), e.g., a 63.4% total apoptosis for NLC-GBil-GTE versus a 52.6 apoptosis induced by 100 μg/mL of a chemotherapeutic drug. According to the cell cycle outcomes, an accumulation of hepatocyte HepG2 tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase was detected upon treatment with 100 mg/mL of NLC- and Col-NLC-GBil-GTE, simultaneously with a drastic decrease in the S phase, which may indicate a cell number reduction that enters in the division cycle. The simultaneous delivery of GBil and GTE by synchronizing their bioactivities offers several advantages; Col-NLC-GBil-GTE can be viewed as a noteworthy strategy for consideration in connection with antitumor therapeutic protocols.

Impact of α-tocopherol derivatives on the structural and functional properties of model lipid nanocarriers: A biophysical modeling study.

Biomimetic lipid nanocarriers overcome hypoxia barriers in lung cancer therapy.

Lutein is a plant pigment beneficial for eye health and for preventing retinal-related diseases. However, lutein is unstable, with low oral bioavailability. In this study, lutein fromMomordica cochinchinensiswas loaded into cubosome lipid nanocarriers, both neutral (lutein-MO) and cationic (lutein-MO-DOTAP); the release, stability, and retinal penetration of the drug were improved. The formulation was biocompatible on retinal cells, showed sustained release in cell culture media and simulated lachrymal fluid, and was stable at 25 °C for 90 days. The cationic formulation, lutein-MO-DOTAP, showed greater uptake into retina cells than unencapsulated lutein and conferred greater protection of retina cells against H2O2 stress. Lutein-MO-DOTAPs enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant genes and downregulated IL-6 inflammatory and VEGF-A angiogenesis genes. Lutein-MO-DOTAPs were detected in mice retina in vivo 1 day post intravitreal injection and 7 days after topical application as eyedrops. We have successfully created a more stable lutein formulation that could penetrate the back of the eye in the retina and be developed as a therapy to enhance eye health or mitigate eye diseases.

Glioblastoma is a highly malignant brain tumor with few available therapeutic options, for which boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has emerged as a promising precision radiotherapy approach. However, its efficacy remains suboptimal due to inadequate tumor targeting of boron agents and lack of in vivo visualization. Herein, a gadolinium-boron integrated lipid nanocarrier (BPA-F&DOTA-Gd@LIPO-ANG) was developed for targeted boron delivery and MRI-guided BNCT. BPA-F and DOTA-Gd were coloaded into lipid nanocarriers using a microfluidic system, with Angiopep-2 modification to enhance blood-brain barrier penetration and glioma targeting. Following cellular uptake, BPA-F&DOTA-Gd@LIPO-ANG effectively increased boron accumulation in glioma cells, inducing significant apoptosis and DNA damage upon neutron irradiation. Intravenously injected into orthotopic glioma model mice, BPA-F&DOTA-Gd@LIPO-ANG selectively accumulated in the tumor site, increasing tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) and tumor-to-blood (T/B) ratios. Enhanced boron accumulation facilitated greater cytotoxic effects mediated by high-energy rays from the boron capture reaction, leading to significantly prolonged mice survival. In addition, in vitro and in vivo MRI validations confirmed its MRI visualization capability, meeting the demand for boron drug imaging for BNCT diagnosis and treatment integration. Overall, these results suggest that BPA-F&DOTA-Gd@LIPO-ANG is a promising targeted boron delivery system for MRI-guided BNCT in glioblastoma treatment.