Accurate identification of goat milk on small-scale geographical origin: A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and machine learning study.

Protective effect of unsaturated fatty acids against glycation-induced structural and functional alteration of albumin: Perspectives on diabetic nephropathy.

Transcriptomic regulatory mechanisms of Zostera caespitosa under different temperatures.

Metabolomic and proteomic analysis of ghrelin administration in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus.

Metabolic basis of quality deterioration in soybean variety Heihe 43 driven by storage time: Based on non-targeted metabolomics.

Exploratory compositional profiling of metabolite and antioxidant properties in green perilla (Perilla frutescens) seeds at maturation stages.

Diffusion mechanism analysis of rejuvenator-aged asphalt system from multi-scale perspective

Overexpression of Hiilp2 enhances the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in Hermetia illucens.

Effects of storage illumination on chemical quality of Ulva prolifera were examined for 60 days using dried and baked products stored under > 1,000 lx light or in the dark at 25°C/60% RH. Volatiles (HS‑SPME GC-MS) and nonvolatiles (HPLC‑QTOF‑MS) were profiled. Across seven chemical classes, total volatiles were highest in dried‑light and lowest in baked‑dark groups. Aldehydes (e.g., benzaldehyde, nonanal) and ketones (e.g., trans‑β‑ionone) increased with light, whereas dimethyl sulfide decreased markedly. Nonvolatile analysis identified six fatty acids plus (+)‑gallocatechin; unsaturated fatty acids decreased faster under light. In baked samples, linoleic and oleic acids declined by 18.2‑fold and 5.4‑fold under light (vs 4.6‑fold and 1.6‑fold in dark), supporting a link between UFA depletion and aldehyde formation. Findings indicate high photooxidative susceptibility of U. prolifera, underscoring dark packaging and prompt consumption of baked products to preserve quality.

Soybean productivity is significantly impacted by drought and salt stress, yet the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for abiotic stress tolerance mediated by the SUMO protease GmOTSa remain unclear. To address this gap, GmOTSa-overexpressing and CRISPR/Cas9-edited knockout soybean lines were developed to investigate its function and regulatory pathways. GmOTSa boosts drought and salt tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species, modulating ABA-mediated stomatal movement, and increasing the expression of stress-responsive genes. Analysis using label-free quantitative proteomics revealed an enrichment of pathways related to linoleic acid metabolism under the stress conditions. Furthermore, GmOTSa physically interacts with the 13-lipoxygenase GmLOX31, facilitating its deSUMOylation, which, in turn, stabilizes the GmLOX31 protein and enhances jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Co-overexpression of GmOTSa and GmLOX31 results in a synergistic improvement in stress tolerance. This investigation unveils a novel regulatory module involving GmOTSa and GmLOX31 deSUMOylation, connecting deSUMOylation to lipid metabolism and the adaptation of soybeans to abiotic stress.

The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the exploration of plant-based therapeutics with multi-target mechanisms. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the Libyan Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx extract, encompassing phytochemical characterization, invitro bioactivity, and in silico validation. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared and screened for antibacterial activity against clinically relevant multidrug-resistant isolates (including determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)), antioxidant capacity via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, anti-inflammatory effects by measuring their inhibition of albumin denaturation, and cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality model. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed that the predominant fatty acid esters were oleic acid methyl ester (41.01%) and palmitic acid methyl ester (28.76%). Both extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL and MBC/MIC ratios ≤ 2, confirming their bactericidal activity. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed superior efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.0 ± 1.73 mm inhibition zone; MIC: 6.25 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (20.0 ± 1.00 mm; MIC: 6.25 mg/mL), respectively. The antioxidant activities were comparable (IC50: 283.6 vs. 292.1 μg/mL). Remarkably, the aqueous extract demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50: 129.81 μg/mL) and showed low preliminary toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LD50 > 1000 μg/mL), whereas the ethanolic extract exhibited moderate toxicity (LD50: 345.5 μg/mL). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, and reducing sugars, with a total phenolic content of 184.3 ± 5.2 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 92.7 ± 3.8 mg QE/g. Molecular docking showed that the identified compounds, such as linoleic acid methyl ester, exhibited strong binding affinities to bacterial DNA gyrase (up to -5.9 kcal/mol) and inflammatory targets, including COX-2, 5-LOX, and TNF-α. ADMET predictions indicated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for these compounds. These findings scientifically validate the traditional use of H. sabdariffa and highlight the potential of its aqueous extract as a promising source of bioactive compounds warranting further preclinical investigation for functional food and complementary health applications.

Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates the level of some Nrf2-activated systemic markers in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a proof-of-principle study.

Tumor and red blood cell fatty acid composition as a potential indicator of outcomes in breast cancer: Findings from a retrospective cohort study.

Pharmacopuncture is widely used in traditional Korean medicine, but its clinical reliability depends on chemical consistency and quality assessment. The present study aimed to establish a quantitative approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for simultaneously identifying and profiling key fatty acid marker compounds in Carthami Flos (CF) and Carthami Flos combined with deer antler (CFC) formulations. Whether this approach could be used in comparative quality evaluation was also evaluated. The GC-MS method was used to quantify four fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid) in CF and CFC formulations. Analytes were identified based on retention times and characteristic electrospray ionization mass spectral fragment ions. The analysis was conducted in the selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode to enhance analytical selectivity and sensitivity, particularly for structurally similar fatty acids. Univariate analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. All four fatty acids were consistently detected and unambiguously identified in both CF and CFC formulations under the optimized GC-MS conditions. The SIM mode enabled the selective differentiation and accurate quantification of structurally similar fatty acids. Linoleic acid was the most abundant component in both formulations. Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference only in oleic acid content, but PCA discriminated CF and CFC samples, with the first two principal components explaining 97.56% of the total variance. The GC-MS-based multi-marker profiling seems feasible for quantitative comparison and PCA-based discrimination of CF and CFC pharmacopuncture formulations.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine and n-3 fatty acid-enriched calcium-salts on biomarkers of liver function in periparturient dairy cows.

Integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with weight gain in people with HIV (PWH), particularly in women with HIV (WWH), but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used longitudinal untargeted metabolomics to identify metabolic signatures of INSTI-related weight gain in WWH. We analyzed serum from 192 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: 38 virologically suppressed WWH who initiated INSTIs (INSTI group), 88 virologically suppressed WWH who remained on their original antiretroviral therapy (non-INSTI group), and 66 women without HIV (WWoH). Samples were collected at baseline (6-12 months before INSTI initiation), 1-6 months post-initiation, and 1-2 years post-initiation, with matched visits for controls. High-resolution metabolomics was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Within each group, linear mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline age and BMI compared longitudinal metabolite changes between weight gainers and maintainers, and significant features were analyzed by Mummichog v2.0 pathway enrichment. Mean age was 45.7 ± 8.9 years and mean BMI 32.4 ± 8.3 kg/m2, with no differences across groups; within each group, gainers and maintainers were demographically comparable (p > 0.05). In the INSTI group, metabolites differentiating gainers from maintainers were enriched in 16 pathways across timepoints, predominantly lipid-related (56%), including the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pathways linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism. In the non-INSTI and WWoH groups, differentiating metabolites spanned a broader range of pathways, including amino acid metabolism. Weight gain among INSTI-treated WWH is characterized by a distinct, lipid- and PUFA-dominated metabolic profile, providing mechanistic insight that may inform therapeutic strategies.

Steering algal metabolic flux via EPS-mediated interfacial buffering for resilient pharmaceutical remediation in microplastic-polluted hotspots.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and inflammation. Although probiotics have shown potential in improving glycemic control in T2DM, the systemic mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects remain largely unclear. A high glucose-induced insulin-resistant zebrafish model was established to explore the interventional effects of Lactobacillus gasseri GDMCC AM63 (L. gasseri). Biochemical assays combined with untargeted metabolomics were used to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of L. gasseri intervention. L. gasseri intervention significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα and il-6), and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10. Metabolomic profiling identified 210 shared annotated DAMs in pairwise comparisons (T2DM_vs_control (Ctrl) group, and L. gasseri intervention (LG)_vs_T2DM group), which were mainly involved in lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of glycerophospholipid, fructose-mannose, pentose phosphate, riboflavin, and linoleic acid metabolic pathways. After FDR correction, 27 shared annotated significant DAMs (SDAMs) were identified. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis suggested that L. gasseri may exert a therapeutic effect on T2DM by indirectly regulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT. Randomforest analysis highlighted 18R-Hepe and Azii as potential metabolic biomarkers with predictive value. This study systematically investigated the metabolic regulatory mechanisms by which L. gasseri ameliorates T2DM, providing experimental evidence to support its potential as an effective interventional strategy for improving insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunctions.

Unlike mature ruminant, pre-weaned calves have limited ruminal biohydrogenation during early microbial establishment. Since linoleic acid (LA) is known to promote calf growth, elucidating whether dietary LA supplementation during this plastic phase can actively shape rumen biohydrogenation function, restructure the microbiota, and drive epithelial development represents a pivotal unanswered question. This study determined the optimal dietary supplementation dose of LA and elucidated its regulatory effects on the rumen microbiota, metabolites and gene expression in preweaning calves. LA supplementation reshaped the rumen microbial community of calves and enhanced microbial carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes, thereby promoting acetate synthesis. Hydrogen generated during carbohydrate fermentation further facilitated LA biohydrogenation. The metabolites generated from this process activate the microbial phosphatidylcholine synthesis pathway in the rumen, increasing PC concentrations in both rumen fluid and tissue. CYP3A24 was identified as a core rumen gene involved in the PC-CYP3A24 regulatory axis. PC promoted bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) proliferation, barrier function, antioxidant capacity and inflammation suppression, while CYP3A24 silencing diminishes these effects. In conclusion, optimal LA supplementation regulates rumen metabolism, enhances PC synthesis via functional microbiota, and activates the PC-CYP3A24 axis, thereby improving rumen development and calf growth performance.

The combination of four variant fatty acid desaturate alleles achieves the desired high oleic and low linolenic acid fatty acid profile in soybean seed oil across U.S. production environments. Soybean is a global crop that represents over half of current world oilseed production. Soybean oil has been utilized in the food system based on the functional and health properties of the fatty acid profile; there is an urgent need to adjust the fatty acids in soybean oil to meet current market demands. The soybean high oleic acid seed oil trait (> 75%) in conjunction with a low linolenic acid trait (< 3%) has emerged as an avenue to improve the oil. The objective of this research was to identify a soybean genotypic group comprised of variant alleles of fatty acid desaturase genes that could meet the target stable seed oil fatty acid thresholds across the U.S. soybean production environments. New soybean genotypes were created with different gene combinations for seed oil fatty acid profile and maturity groups, seeds were produced in their target environments, and fatty acid profiles of the seeds were determined. The results demonstrated that a four-gene combination in soybean genotypes using either of two variant versions of one of the genes achieved both the target thresholds in environments across the U.S. soybean production regions. There were significant differences in individual fatty acid levels in the seed oil when comparing the two four-gene genotypic groups. The impact of this work is the new knowledge to design soybean varieties for U.S. production environments with seed oil fatty acid profiles targeted to meet current market thresholds; the fatty acid profiles obtained can serve as the basis for improved products.