Linguistic Problems Research Articles

Research on linguistic multi-attribute decision making method for normal cloud similarity

Aiming at the uncertainty linguistic transformation problem in multi-attribute decision making, a decision-making method based on normal cloud similarity was proposed. Firstly, starting from the normal cloud characteristic curves, a normal cloud similarity measurement method based on Wasserstein distance is proposed by combing with the normal cloud entropy-containing expectation curve, which is using the Wasserstein distance to characterize the similarity characteristics of probability distribution. The properties of the proposed similarity measure are discussed in the paper. Secondly, the performance of the proposed method is compared and analyzed with the existed methods by numerical simulation experiment and time series data classification experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good similarity discrimination ability, high classification accuracy and low CPU time cost. Finally, the method was successfully applied into linguistic multi-attribute decision making, and TOPSIS thought is used to compare and rank the schemes, so as to realize the final decision.

KSA The Influence of Mother Tongue Interference on the Translation Process

This paper aims to investigate the problems of translation encountered by ESL learners when translating texts i-e English to Arabic language and vice versa. Translation problems can be divided into linguistic problems and cultural problems. The solutions proposed to translation problems are based on the types of text, the minor linguistic context, possibility of saying something in the target Language. Some considerations follow this process, which is mainly related to the accuracy, clarity, and naturalness of the meaning, ideas, or messages of the translation. Knowledge of the target culture is crucial for successful translation. To understand this interference in detail, the research shed the light on this problem. The research deals with the significance of the study in the field of second language learning and theoretical reviews of second language acquisition. The researcher used a specific methodology in this study to discuss the collected data and analyze it statistically to reach the main findings in the conclusion.

ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ВЕРБАЛЬНЫХ И НЕВЕРБАЛЬНЫХ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ НА ВОСПРИЯТИЕ КРЕОЛИЗОВАННОГО ТЕКСТА

One of the urgent problems of modern cognitive linguistics is the problem of text reception, the question of its semantic perception is raised, in addition, it should be noted that it has not yet been established in what form the verbal and nonverbal components of the text are stored in human memory. It should be noted that in recent years, interest in the visual presentation of information, including non-verbal means of communication, has increased even more due to the requirements of modern social media focused on clip-based rapid delivery of polycode information, which, as a rule, do not require concentration of attention, but can have a clip-based surface effect on the audience's thinking. As a result, there were works devoted not to the traditional linguistics of the text, but to the linguistics of a polycode, semiotically complicated text, in which creolized texts (CT) became the object of research. Creolized texts are texts consisting of verbal and nonverbal (illustrative) parts, later the term multimodal text appeared. It should be noted, however, that researchers studying creolized texts, as a rule, are limited only to studying the relationship between the verbal and nonverbal (iconic) parts of the text. As you know, at the moment a comprehensive study of the impact assessment of the creolized text has not yet developed. Thus, the problem brought up for consideration in this article is the problem of semantic perception of a creolized text (CT) consisting of an image and a word.

Cognitive Semantics of the Concept «kȍk» in Creating Emotional Concepts

The article examines the emotional nuances of the Kazakh language concept kȍk in language use. The research article reviews the works of scientists who studied the semantic meaning of the names of species and colors in domestic and foreign linguistics and linguistic units in expressing human feelings. The linguistic character of the concept of kȍk is analyzed, revealing the cognitive nature of emotional, expressive words. In addition, a cognitive and linguistic analysis was made of the words expressing inner excitement through the intuition of a person, which is often used in connection with the lexeme kȍk in our language. The linguistic image of the world through the concept of kȍk in national culture and text through the words that express the mood of a person allows to reveal the inner world of humanity and thereby to observe the level of acceptance of joy and sorrow of the whole people. The main goal of the scientific article is to cognitively analyze the emotional tone of the color kȍk within the conceptual field of color names. In the research article, the emotional aspects of the colors and the color kȍk are considered from a cognitive point of view. There are still many problems in Kazakh linguistics, which have not been deeply studied, undiscovered, and undefined aspects of emotional signs of colors. In our modern research, we will consider the emotional aspects of the color kȍk in a linguistic and cognitive manner. From the linguistic point of view, the emotional meaning of kȍk in phraseological words is emphasized individually, and their cognitive nature in linguistic and cultural cognition is deeply studied.

ИНТЕРНЕТ-КОММЕНТАРИЙ КАК ДИАЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СЕТЕВОЙ ЖАНР

The article is devoted to the relevant problems of modern communicative linguistics and network genre studies. A comparative analysis of dialogic communication in live speech with dialogic communication on the Internet (within the framework of information and commentary blocks) was carried out according to the following criteria: 1) pragmatic coordinates of communication; 2) the type of dialogue according to the nature of the addressee; 3) the main factors influencing the organization of dialogic structures; 4) thematic specificity of the dialogues. Online comments is characterized as a response Internet genre, the texts of which are thematically, structurally-semantically and pragmatically closely related to the original (root) message (post) and form a kind of dialogic unity with it. The studied network genre meets the urgent need of Internet users for feedback and is a time-demanded media embodiment of the addressee factor. This genre is intended primarily to express the point of view of the addressee and various modal meanings of the sphere associated with the addressee: agreement or disagreement, approval or disapproval, various cognitive-modal assessments and qualifications.

Reinforcement Learning based NLP

In the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), reinforcement learning (RL) has drawn attention as a viable method for training models. An agent is trained to interact with a linguistic environment in order to carry out a given task using RL- based NLP, and the agent learns from feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. This method has been effectively used for a variety of linguistic problems, including text summarization, conversation systems, and machine translation. Sequence-to- sequence Two common methods used in RL-based NLP are reinforcement learning and deep reinforcement learning. Sequence-to-sequence While deep reinforcement learning includes training a neural network to discover the optimum strategy for a language challenge, reinforcement learning (RL) trains a model to create a series of words or characters that most closely matches a goal sequence. In several linguistic challenges, RL-based NLP has demonstrated promising results and attained cutting-edgeperformance. There are still issues to be solved, such as the need for more effective exploration tactics, data scarcity, and sample efficiency. In summary, RL-based NLP represents a potential line of inquiry for NLP research in the future. This method outperforms more established NLP strategies in a variety of language problems and has the added benefit of being able to improve over time with user feedback. To further enhance RL-based NLP's effectiveness and increase its applicability to real-world settings, future research should concentrate on resolving the difficulties associated with thisapproach.

Toponyms non geopolitics terms and it is natural linguistic patterns human rise

Today it is calling with Geopolitical clauses as Occupied Palestinian territory or Occupied West Bank because political tension race between local people and settlements everyday beyond hundreds ears. Indeed, East Jerusalem including Jericho oasis in the Jordan Valley the cradle human civilization and preserving ancient place-names in this area now extremely important for investigation native language of the first settlers. The main place names analyzed in the light of later sound-developments together with the comparative investigation of different areal forms. We, in this paper, no to do like criticize dear own colleague and always deeply respecting they as scholars in the field linguistic problems geographical names however. Sometimes, taking into consideration that geographical names represent historical and cultural heritage of the people, or reflecting evolution human been an earth.

Corpus Analysis as a Means of Meaning Disambiguation: Collocational Analysis of Near-Synonyms of the Verb ‘Destroy’

The current paper is aimed at corpus-based differentiation of near-synonymous lexemes with the meaning ‘to destroy’. The research implies a series of consecutive steps: to discuss synonymy-related problems in modern linguistics; to compile a list of near-synonymous lexemes with the meaning ‘to destroy’ by means of Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA); to analyze and compare definitions of the chosen verbs in Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MWD); to generate lists of right-context collocates for each of the verbs in COCA; to put the collocates into semantic clusters and compare the obtained clusters. The list of lexemes under study contains such verbs as ‘destroy’, ‘ruin’, ‘break’, ‘obliterate’, ‘raze’, ‘annihilate’, ‘crush’, ‘devastate’, ‘wreck’, and ‘demolish’. As a result, semantic clusterisation of the right-context collocates helped establish that all verbs of the group collocate with the lexemes representing values and threats where destroying values evokes negative feelings and associations while destroying threats is perceived as a positive action. The verb ‘ruin’ is typically used with the clusters ‘meals and food’, ‘holidays’, ‘leisure activities’, ‘entertainment’ and ‘human relations’, meaning deprivation of enjoyment and happiness. The verb ‘break’ has a wide array of collocates resulting in a variety of conventionalized expressions. The results of the corpus-based research of lexical semantics may be helpful to those professionally engaged in second language teaching as well as in translation and lexicographic practice.

The Role of Contrastive Analysis/Error Analysis in Solving Learners Errors Problems in French as a Foreign Language Class in Nigeria

In French as a Foreign Language class in Nigeria where the Nigerian learners of the language study the language against the background of their mother tongue/ English Language which they have attained to some level a reasonable degree of competence, the making of errors is inevitable since the learners concerned are faced with a lot of linguistic problems such as; interference of their Native tongue/English on French language and other linguistic problems emanating from French language. The study is set to take a look into the role of Contrastive Analysis/ Error Analysis in solving French learners’ error problems.

LANGUAGE ECOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY TRANSLATOR’S DISCOURSE

The paper considers the axiological problems of postmodern translator’s discourse in the aspect of the ecology of language. The object of the study is the contemporary translator’s discourse, its subject is the changes in the axiological linguistic scale of this discourse in the postmodern paradigm, reflected in the language (the “text lifting” strategy). The material under consideration is the contemporary translations of the English literary texts into Russian. The paper aims at the revealing of the contemporary translation discourse axiological constants and their linguistic ecology status in the contemporary translator’s discourse, including the situations of political correctness. The linguistic ecology problems of the postmodern translator’s discourse are connected, firstly, with the contemporary global and democratic tendency to transfer the authenticity of the source text, its style and lexis, and secondly, with a decrease in the standards of translation ethics and aesthetics. Translation ethics in such situations is often subordinated to postmodern anti-aesthetics, which challenges the basic principles of the classical Soviet translation tradition.

The Rise of Virtual Hosts and the Issues Arising from Cross-Cultural Virtual Hosts in Communication

As time goes by and technology continues to advance, more and more virtual hosts are coming to the forefront, and in 2022, Njisanji's Vtuber Vox Akuma made quite a splash with his debut in China. As a result, many people have started to take notice of cross-cultural virtual hosts. These Vtuber usually have fans from several countries, and during the live broadcast one finds that the interaction between anchor and fan is often accompanied by cultural differences, differences in expression habits and differences in thinking. The cultural and linguistic problems are often accompanied by translation errors and lack of clarity. This has led to many problems. To promote positive cultural exchange and an improved online environment, this article discusses some of these issues and proposes some initial solutions to call attention to them and to take steps to reduce their occurrence. To enhance professional skills by strengthening the management of practitioners as well as the training of anchors in order to promote the positive dissemination of culture.

Management Implementation of the Bi’ah Lughowiyah Programmes and the Problems in Boarding Based on Madrasah Aliyah

The purpose of this study is to describe the management of the implementation of the Bi'ah Lughowiyah programme and its problems. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative with a case study approach. Research data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. After the data is collected, it is then analysed by presenting data, data reduction, verification, and conclusions. The results of this study: 1) The implementation of the Bi'ah Lughowiyah programmeme applies the three strategies of Tamtsiliyah, Mumarosah, and Ta'bir Syafawi, and the problems in implementing the Bi'ah Lughowiyah programmeme are linguistic problems consisting of a lack of Arabic vocabulary influenced by the mother tongue and a lack of expression . While non-linguistic problems are differences in educational background and the emergence of shame and fear of being wrong, There are efforts to overcome this problem with three solutions: forming a language driving group, using wall magazines as a medium for learning vocabulary and speech patterns, and applying muhadatsah usbu'iyyah with vocabulary that has been written on the bulletin.

The Use of Category Shifts in the Translation of Scientific Texts

The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the utilization of category shifts in the process of translating two scientific texts: The Science Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained by John Farndon and Spaceflight: A Concise History by Michael J. Neufeld. The study addresses the following research questions: 1) What are the types of category shifts used by Arab translators to translate scientific texts into Arabic, and 2) To what extent do the translations convey the intended meaning of the source texts and bridge the linguistic gap between the two languages (English and Arabic). The research draws on Catford's (1965) classification of category shifts. It adopted a qualitative approach in analyzing each instance of shifts that corresponds to a particular type of category shifts. The findings of the study revealed that four types of category shifts were used by Arab translators to translate the scientific texts from English into Arabic. It was also found that the use of these shifts was governed by the huge linguistic gap between the two languages. The results of this research should contribute to the growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of specialized translation. In fact, so far, very little attention has been paid to the utilization of shifts in Scientific texts. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on shift in translation by unveiling the linguistic problem that arise during the translation of scientific texts and their impact on the translators' choices, especially in Arabic context.

Daura Al-Lugatu Al-‘Arabiyyah Fī Tafsīri Al-Qur’āni Li Muḥammadin Abū Zahrah: Dirāsatun Fī Zahrati At-Tafāsīri

The significance of Arabic in the interpretation of the Qur'an is noteworthy from both classical and contemporary perspectives. Among contemporary interpreters, Abu Zahrah stands out for his exceptional focus on Arabic in his interpretation. Although Abu Zahrah's approach to language is similar to that of other commentators like al-Zamakhsyari, the results of his interpretation show significant differences. This research aims to examine the role of Arabic in Abu Zahrah's interpretation and how he addresses various linguistic challenges through qualitative descriptive research and content analysis. The findings revealed that Arabic played a highly significant role in Zahrah al-Tafāsīr's interpretation, becoming one of the main pillars. The study explored linguistic themes such as Isytiqāq, Nahw, Ṣarf, al-Ḍamāir, 'Irāb, and Balāgah. Abu Zahrah's method in dealing with linguistic problems includes referencing the Qur'an and sunnah, employing a balanced linguistic approach, making definitive choices, finding middle grounds between diverse opinions, and critiquing views deemed incorrect. Despite evident influence from al-Zamakhsyari, Abu Zahrah remains critical of his ideas. The evidence of Abu Zahrah's proficiency in Arabic is undeniable.

Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

Teaching Arabic in Indonesia often faces linguistic and non-linguistic problems that must be resolved immediately. Linguistic problems, such as phonetics, morphology, and structure, while non-linguistic problems, include learning motivation, learning tools, teaching methods, study time, and learning environment. Language learning problems vary according to the age of the learner and the learning environment. This article reveals the problems of teaching Arabic in Indonesia.

Investigating the Contrastive Grammar Problems EFL learners Encounter in Arabic-English Translation

The continuous development of science, culture, and technology has increased the need for translation in modern life. The importance of the translation process should not be ignored because it always involves the translation texts from one language into another. English and Arabic share some similarities and differences, so we must keep this in mind. Many linguistic problems arise during the translation process. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the grammatical problems that EFL learners face when translating from Arabic into English as a target language; design and implement a test to find out such grammatical problems that fourth year students face when translating from Arabic into English; and provide solutions for these problems that Iraqi EFL learners encounter in Arabic-English translation. This study hypothesizes that the interference of the mother tongue and literal translation lead to incorrect translation; the most frequent problems in Arabic-English translation are those related to tenses, nominal vs verbal sentences, and word order; and problems that learners do not suffer from in Arabic-English translation are adjectives and negation. The test is taken by the morning and evening participants at the Dept. of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Thi-Qar, 100 students (morning and evening) take the test throughout the academic year (2022-2023). The test consists of 20 Arabic items and the students are required to translate them into English. The research concludes that the greatest problematic areas for both morning and evening participants are: the past participle, the conditional sentences, the nominal vs. Verbal sentences, the word classes, and the tenses.

MOCK CONFERENCE IN PRE-SERVICE TRANSLATORS TRAINING

The given research deals with one of the most important issues related to pre-service translators’ training such as both language and professional skills development in Kazakhstani settings. Thus, skills in oral translation from English into Kazakh and/or Russian and vice versa are in pretty high demand these days that is why one of the aims of Translation and interpreting internship course is to develop the consecutive translation skills of pre-service translators. So, to imitate the conditions of interpreters’ work we conducted the mock conference dedicated to the main problems of Translation studies and Linguistics in the frame of the above mentioned course. The main idea of this case study was to involve our students into both research and professional activity as well as to develop their language and consecutive translation skills. Our research population included 47 students who worked both as presenters and interpreters in the frame of the mock conference procedure. Then we conducted the opinion survey using the online tools provided by the Moodle platform (in our case, the option of Critical incident survey had been chosen as the most appropriate one).

Analysing The Problems Faced by The Students at The Sixth Semester to Speak English at English Education Department

This study aimed to find out the problems faced by the students in the sixth semester of English Education Department at Unismh Makassar to speak English fluently in the class and the factors causing the problems. This study used descriptive qualitative method in type of phenomenology in which the researcher used observation checklist and semi-structure interview to collect the data. The results showed that there are two main problems faced by the students to speak English fluently, namely linguistic problems which consist of: poor in grammar, lack of vocabulary and lack of pronunciation and also non-linguistic problems which consist of: blankness, shyness and anxiety. The factors causing students are poor in grammar manly caused by: seldom to learn grammar by themselves and were seldom to learn grammar in the previous semesters. Lack of vocabulary is caused by the students are not motivated to improve vocabulary by themselves. Lack of pronunciatiaon are caused by: the interference of mother tongue, lack of practice by themselves and pronunciation classes lacked of practice. In addition, blankness are mainly caused by: forget what to say, interruption and eye contact. Furthermore, shynes is caused by the students are afraid of making mistakes. Lastly, anxiety is caused by the students are afraid of being laughed or judged and commentated by the lectures if making mistakes.

THE RELEVANCE OF NOMINATIVE MEANS OF THE CONCEPT EXPRESSION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENGLISH WORLDVIEW: MULTILINGUAL ASPECTS

The purpose of the article is to review and arrange according to the specified criteria nominative means of expressing the concept of TECHNOLOGY in the context of the English-speaking, French-speaking and German-speaking world picture; coverage of nominative features; identification of a different and common character to determine a comprehensive idea of the expression of the concept of TECHNOLOGY in the context of the English-speaking, French-speaking and German-speaking picture of the world. The main problem of modern linguistics is the study of the relationship of language and thinking to language and culture, due to the fact that language is the founder of culture. The main attention is paid to the study of the structure of the language system in connection with the consciousness of a person, his worldview and spiritual life; specifics of speech behavior of different peoples. The concept appears as the key and most relevant unit of research in the context of cognitive linguistics.The concept of TECHNOLOGY represents a complex of socially significant ideas of a person about the process of his relations with various objects of reality. Similar concepts consolidate the intellectual space of the respective era, largely determining the nature of thinking and axiological relations of its representatives. Concepts as elements of consciousness are completely independent of speech, and language means convey only part of the concept with their meanings, which is confirmed by the existence of many different synonyms, definitions and descriptions of the same concept.

RÉSUMÉ AUTOMATIQUE DE TEXTES: PROBLÈMES ET PERSPECTIVES

The present paper focusses on the automatic text summarization (AS), the analysis of linguistic problems related to it and the ways to overcome them, as well as on the perspectives of using some natural language processing computer programs. The author carries out a comparative analysis of two AS programs, MSWord2003 and Pertinence Summarizer, for literary, journalistic and scientific texts. The chosen methodology of comparative analysis allows not only to single out the peculiarities and limitations of each program, but also to make some general conclusions about the problems existing in the process of automatic summarization. The analysis of source texts and results of AS presented in the paper is focused on the correlation between the text genre and the process/result of AS. The analysis does not take into account such factors influencing the quality of summary as the length of the original text, the original language, the subject, etc. The primary hypothesis of the study was the assertion that the quality of automatic summarization of a text directly depends on the genre of this text. The obtained results made it possible to confirm this hypothesis and highlight the interdependence between the level of formalism in the text, which can be explained by its genre, and the pertinence of the summary. The conducted research showed that both AS programs are based, first of all, on morphological and, to a lesser extent, on morpho-syntaxic analysis of the source text. Furthermore, the issue of processing the implicit information available in the text, at the semantic and pragmatic level in particular, still seems unresolved. One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is the dynamic summarization of the text, which necessitates broader participation and involvement of the program user in the process of automatic summarization.