Linguistic Expressions Research Articles

Exploring Turkish women's gynecological examination perceptions based on their metaphors: a qualitative study.

During the gynecological examination, women especially feel uncomfortable with the lithotomy position and experience shame and anxiety. This study aims to explore metaphors used by women who have experienced gynecological examinations. This study is qualitative and phenomenological. The study group consisted of 90 women. Data were collected online using a data form in May-June 2021. It consisted of the sociodemographic characteristics of women and their metaphorical perceptions of gynecological examination. Data were analyzed and interpreted using a metaphorical analytical method inspired by Kochis and Gillespie. Metaphoric linguistic expressions, sequences, words, and sentences related to each other, were highlighted. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used in the study report. The average age of the women was 37.29 ± 10.14, and 73.0% were high school graduates. Three different conceptual categories were created by associating each metaphor image with a certain theme concerning women's perspective on gynecological examination. The characteristics compiled during the category development phase were used to collect 24 metaphors under a specific category. The metaphor revealed that the process, instrument (examination table), and affective aspects of the gynecological examination are in interaction. In this study was found that the main metaphor image for the gynecological table was a "fork," the gynecological examination brought to mind "the pregnancy" because of the reason for the procedure, and most of the women used the metaphors of "ache/pain" for their gynecological examination experience. The metaphors used for the gynecological examination expressions suggested that women's experiences were negative. Such metaphors may reflect physical and emotional discomfort experienced during the examination. Health professionals' understanding of these negative perceptions and their empathy may facilitate positive experiences for women and the detection and treatment of health problems.

KARO RETORIKOS RAIŠKA SOCIALINĖJE REKLAMOJE

The focus of the article is the rhetorical features of Lithuanian social issue advertisements reflecting the war in Ukraine. Rhetorical discourse analysis is used to explore the rhetoric of war: the characteristic rhetorical topics and dominant narrative directions are discussed, the prevailing pattern of rhetorical argumentation is identified, and the main strategies of linguistic expression are determined. The study shows that the discourse of social issue advertisements is a reflection of today’s realities, not only conveying but also shaping societal perceptions. The rhetorical expression of the advertisements signifies the authors’ attempts to reinforce the idea of solidarity, to inspire the addressee to be an active participant in the discourse, and to make decisions that are oriented towards the public good.

The use of adverbs in Ngor-Okpala dialect of Igbo

Adverbs play a crucial role in language by providing additional information about various elements of a sentence such as verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses, and even complete sentences. Very little attention has been given to usage-based approach to parts of speech, particularly the use of adverbs in different dialects, this study investigates the use of adverbs in Ngor-okpala dialect of Igbo. Adverbs in Igbo language is known as Nkwuwa or Enyemaka Ngwaa, Adverbs in the dialect are used to answer questions such as "Olee ?- where, Olee nke- which, Olee otu- how, Olee onye-who, Olee mgbe-when, Olee ihe-what, etc. It aims to understand their role, their varied usage, the implications they hold for linguistic expression and impact in the dialect. The study adopts a descriptive approach, identifying and analyzing adverbs and their usage in the Ngor-Okpala dialect, to reveal patterns of usage, syntactic structures, and semantic implications. This work adopts the Universal grammar theory. The study reveals that the use of various adverbs in the Ngor-okpala dialect help to convey details about how, when, where, how often, or to what extent an action occurs or a quality is expressed in the dialect, intensifying the meaning of the words they modify, making them a significant component of linguistic expression in Ngor-okpala dialect. The study concludes that adverb is an essential component of the dialect’s linguistic expression, providing various details about actions, qualities, and relationships within sentences. An understanding of this is crucial for effective communication in the dialect where precision and clarity are paramount.

Cuneiform Š umma Sentences: Conditionals or Implications?

Abstract For a long time, it was believed in Assyriology and related disciplines that šumma sentences, or grammatical conditionals, which appeared in cuneiform texts and tablets of astrology, exorcism, law, extispicy, oneiromancy, medicine, and divination, were linguistic expressions of logical conditionals. F. Rochberg (2010; 2016) extended this belief, suggesting that they are even material conditionals. Andrew Schumann (2017; 2020; 2021) followed this, claiming that, as a result, we can trace the origin of symbolic logic in cuneiform writings, through which it moved to Greece. In this paper, after presenting this approach, I will challenge it by showing that šumma/IF sentences and similar constructs in cuneiform literature are arguments or implications that suffer from the same confusion between conditional and implication that Quine (1953/1966) highlighted when criticizing C.I. Lewis.

The Conjunction of the Conditional Adverbial (Lammā) With the Letters (Fāʾ) and (Wāw) in Surat Yusuf: A Novel Functional Interpretation

Objectives: study aims to reveal conditional adverbial function of (Lammā) when it’s combined with (Fāʾ) and (Wāw), as it has taken Surah Yusuf as a subject for applied study, since the surah is characterized by large number of events that can be summed up, the context of the situation contributed to not mentioning them, in order that the recipient could appreciate them without difficulty. Methods: The study adopts modern functional method, as its scholars have researched linguistic tools in Arabic and contemplated semantic function, analyzed the sentence and looked closely at its inflection, clarified its meanings, explained apparent formal connections and showed its implicit order in its coherence and the importance that tools add to constructing sentences and conveying meanings. Results: template model contributes to the analysis of linguistic expression of vocabulary. It allocates elements and gives the concept breadth, it takes in consideration internal and external components of sentence. The conditional sentence carries the meaning of the penalty between the conditional verb and its answer, and the letter (Lammā) gives when it is combined with the (Wāw) a broad significance in time. Conclusions: When (Lammā) is combined with (Wāw), time becomes extended to accommodate number of inter-events that occur between conditional verb and answer, and most likely the recipient interprets them and the picture is complete for him. When (Lammā) is combined with the (Fāʾ), time becomes accelerated, the two verbs in the conditional sentence follow each other.

A novel hybrid model for sentiment analysis in MOOC forums with hybrid word and character-level neural networks

Sentiment analysis is crucial, in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Has applications in different areas. This study focuses on analyzing sentiments in massive open online course (MOOC) forums highlighting its importance in understanding how users interact and shaping educational strategies. The study presents a novel hybrid neural network model specifically tailored for sentiment analysis in MOOC forums. This innovative model combines word level and character level embeddings to handle the linguistic expressions commonly found in this context. The model architecture integrates bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layers for word level embeddings and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for character level embeddings aiming to harness the strengths of both types of embeddings for a view of the linguistic used in MOOC forum posts. Notably this model achieves an accuracy rate of 93.11% showcasing its effectiveness, in sentiment analysis within MOOC forums. This research contributes to sentiment analysis within the context of online education.

Leveraging Arabic BERT for High-Accuracy Fake News Detection

Media platforms have become essential for staying informed about events and activities around the globe. While there has been research on identifying news in English, detecting it in Arabic has been relatively overlooked. The unique linguistic characteristics and diverse slang expressions in Arabic have contributed to a scarcity of studies in this area. This research examines the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms in identifying fake news, specifically in the Arabic language. In this study, Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe) were used to capture the semantic relationships between words in order to improve the performance of the models. Furthermore, the utilization of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) algorithms has shown potential in the field of neural networks for text classification purposes. The study also delves into incorporating a trained Arabic BERT (Bidirectional Encoded Representations from Transformers) model, which is widely recognized for its outstanding performance, in various natural language processing tasks. The current research utilizes the Arabic Fake News Dataset (AFND). It is a large, fully annotated dataset of Arabic fake news. The results demonstrated that, among all the investigated algorithms, Arabic BERT achieved accuracy with a score of 0.98 on the dataset. According to the results obtained, LSTM and BiLSTM achieved scores of 0.94 and 0.93, respectively, implementing GloVe word embeddings. This research showcases the effectiveness of the Arabic BERT model, alongside the LSTM and BiLSTM models, in detecting information. It highlights the contribution of BERT in enhancing accuracy when dealing with the identification and mitigation of challenges related to identifying news in Arabic-language contexts.

이효석 소설에 나타난 聽感覺의 에피파니 연구 - 제임스 조이스 문학과의 연관성을 중심으로

In the context of 1930s Korean literature, James Joyce was recognized as a pioneer of the “psychological novel” and a prominent figure in advancing “psychological realism.” His works, introduced to Korean audiences in the late 1920s and extensively translated in the 1930s, were actively embraced by modernist writers. Within Korean literary discourse, psychological realism was viewed as a literary method of bourgeois literature, positioned in contrast to Kafka's socialist realism. This methodology, celebrated as a new creative approach for modernist literature, became a prominent framework for understanding modernist and realist works in Korean literary circles of the time. Lee Hyo-seok perceived psychological realism as a more modern literary trend compared to objective realism, arguing that realism had bifurcated into an objective realist school and a psychological anatomizing school. His positive reception of James Joyce and his literary techniques reflects the broader embrace of Joyce’s influence among Korean modernist writers. This paper examines the psychological tendencies in Lee Hyo-seok's novels in connection with Joyce's works, with particular attention to the psychological effects of “music” and Joyce's technique of “epiphany.” In Joyce’s literature, music operates as an evocative and emotional force, serving as a metaphorical experience that transcends linguistic expression. Similarly, Lee Hyo-seok’s novels utilize music to intensify emotional depth, integrating it into the narrative to evoke powerful psychological responses. A distinctive feature of Lee’s works is the “epiphany of hearing and sensation,” moments of profound realization and awareness catalyzed by music. In the works of both Lee and Joyce, music emerges as a mechanism that heightens dramatic emotion, advances narrative development, and facilitates spiritual and emotional revelation. By exploring the role of music and its psychological resonance in Lee Hyo-seok's literature, this study highlights the interplay between auditory sensations and emotional expression, situating these elements within the framework of psychological realism. Furthermore, it underscores the shared literary mechanisms employed by Lee and Joyce, illuminating how music operates as a conduit for narrative and psychological transformation in their respective works

Translating Tamil God into Sanskrit in Vedāntadeśika’s Dramiḍopaniṣattātparyaratnāvalī

This study explores the Śrīvaiṣṇavas’ commitment to upholding both the Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures or ubhayavedānta (literally, the dual Vedāntas). In particular, it focuses on how one of the most influential post-Rāmānuja ācāryas in the community, Vedāntadeśika (1269–1369), supported the two-scriptures principle in his Dramiḍopaniṣattātparyaratnāvalī. In this work Vedāntadeśika summarizes and translates the Tamil scripture, the Tiruvāymoḻi of Nammāḻvār, arguably the most authoritative South Indian Vaiṣṇava poet of a group collectively known as the Āḻvārs (ca. sixth to tenth century), into Sanskrit. I argue that Vedāntadeśika’s main goal is to secure the status of Nammāḻvār’s Tiruvāymoḻi as the Tamil Vedānta or Upaniṣad (and as the Tamil Veda in some cases). His attempt to bridge the gap between the Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures can be seen in three different aspects: their scriptural status, theology, and linguistic expression. Vedāntadeśika reinforces the scriptural status of the Tirūvāymoḻi, restructures the text so that it consistently illustrates God’s qualities, similar to the Sanskrit Upaniṣads, and, through the linguistic medium of Sanskrit, deemphasizes the poetic tropes of classical Tamil love poetry. While there were other summaries of the Tiruvāymoḻi before, during, and after his time, Vedāntadeśika’s summary is remarkable for its systematic approach and clear agenda.

'I am in pain': neuroethics, philosophy of language, and the representation of pain.

This essay considers the idea of 'representation' and pain in neuroscience, continental philosophy, and analytic philosophy. To do so, it considers two forms of representation: linguistic representation refers to how words stand in for experiences or things, while mental representation involves the mind's internal depiction of external reality. First, I consider how the question of pain may be conveyed as a question of representation through the McGill Pain Quotient. I then turn to phenomenology to consider how pain cuts straight through representation. Pain is simultaneously an extra-mental experience and an introspective phenomenal experience involving the affect of pain and the social expression of that affect. But to illustrate how pain lacks intention, I consider how the term 'representation' in the neuroscience on cognitive empathy for pain obfuscates the affective ontology of pain experiences. Linguistic expression of pain may suggest belief and representational data, while the phenomenological experience centers around the affective and embodied. Ultimately, the response to pain plays out in social acknowledgement, and both linguistic and mental representation offer necessary but insufficient understandings of ethical acknowledgement. To that end, neuroethics can offer naturalist, physicalist grounds to affirm both the analytic and continental theses about pain and language.

Why Do Chinese Speakers Prefer the Word ‘Shang’ (Harm)？ Exploring the Semantic Motivations Underlying Nativelike Selections

This study challenges the assumption that nativelike selections—linguistic expressions preferred by native speakers over grammatical alternatives—are inherently arbitrary. Focusing on Chinese speakers’ preference for shang ‘harm’ in bu shang shou ‘not harm hands’ to praise dish soaps’ skin-friendliness, we reveal the semantic motivation that drives this lexical choice. This semantic motivation is rooted in shang’s pragmatic nuance, specifically its prototype of “self-care suggestions for everyday life”. The findings support the hypothesis that a concept is more readily expressed by a certain linguistic expression whose prototype aligns with that concept.

The Nusantara Interpretation By Bugis Scholars: Social And Local Dimensions Of Al-Munir Tafsir By Agh. Daud Ismail

This essay explains the Nusantara interpretation, specifically the Al-Munir Tafsir authored by AGH Daud Ismail, a prominent Bugis scholar from South Sulawesi. The interpretation plays a significant role in conveying Quranic messages in alignment with the social conditions surrounding the exegete. This study aims to investigate and analyze selected Quranic verses, subsequently examining their significance within the local societal context. The research employs a qualitative methodology utilizing literary review techniques, with a focused analysis of the Bugis Al-Munir Tafsir. Moreover, a phenomenological approach is utilized to establish connections between textual interpretation and social contexts. The article’s findings reveal that AGH. Daud Ismail developed a contextual interpretation model that demonstrates profound sensitivity to the social dynamics of Bugis society. This is evident in the strategic selection of Lontarak linguistic expressions readily comprehensible to the Bugis community. This research discovered that the Al-Munir Tafsir transcends mere translation and interpretation of the Quran based on the exegete's immediate requirements; instead, its interpretative approach facilitates the community's understanding of the Quranic text. Specifically, this research highlights the author's utilization of local language and linguistic expressions as a methodological strategy to transform Quranic messages into the cultural reality of Bugis society. This study is anticipated to contribute to enriching the scholarly landscape of Nusantara tafsir studies by presenting an interpretation model that is responsively attuned to the social contexts of the Bugis community in South Sulawesi, with broader implications for advancing more contextual and inclusive interpretation methodologies.

Risk prioritization in manufacturing processes: a hybrid approach to group decision-making under hesitation

PurposeThis article aims to propose a model to support the assessment and prioritization of risk in manufacturing processes.Design/methodology/approachThe model integrates the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) criteria with the evaluation procedures of a new hesitant fuzzy linguistic-technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (HFL-TOPSIS) variation. A case study evaluating failure risk in a wiring harness assembly process demonstrated the model's applicability. A sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the effect of the variation in the weights assigned to the decision-makers (DMs).FindingsThe failure mode (FM) ranking was FM4 > FM9 > FM17 > FM2>FM8>FM12 > FM16 > FM19 > FM11 > FM3>FM18 > FM15 > FM13 > FM10 > FM14 > FM7 > FM1 > FM5 > FM6. These outcomes suggest that “stripping length less than specified” was the top priority among the 19 FMs evaluated. Sensitivity tests demonstrated the effect of the DMs’ weights on the ranking of FMs. A comparison with FMEA and HFL-TOPSIS demonstrates the model's greater capacity to discriminate levels of risk priority, as it identifies a total of 19 risk levels compared with 9 levels in the other approaches.Practical implicationsThe adoption of the proposed model can drive substantial improvements in risk management practices across industries, provided that the organization has a decision-making team experienced with FMEA. Therefore, this approach promotes the continuous improvement of operations and ensures that mitigation actions effectively address critical FMs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to propose a risk evaluation model that accounts for DMs' hesitation in defining criteria weights through linguistic expressions. Additionally, it addresses uncertainty when assessing weights for the DMs’ opinions and considers multiple factors that affect these weights in decision-making for risk prioritization.

Digital phenotypes of the diminished capacity for consummatory and anticipatory pleasure.

Diminished capacities to experience and anticipate pleasure have been differentially associated with psychopathology. However, measurement of this construct has been limited to self-report scales and complex behavioral tasks. In the present study, university students (N = 100) were categorized into low and high scorers on self-report measures of consummatory and anticipatory pleasure. Low and high scorers were then compared on the facial, vocal, and linguistic phenotypes of their descriptions of positive memories and future events. Scoring lower on consummatory pleasure was not associated with any differences in facial, vocal, or linguistic expression. Scoring lower on anticipatory pleasure was linked with decreased facial expression of happiness, mean vocal pitch, and amount of speech, as well as increased jitter and shimmer in the voice when describing positive future events. These results suggest that remote digital measures could be a useful adjunct for identifying individuals with diminished anticipatory pleasure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The #BookTok Connection: Examining Cultural and Linguistic Identity Expression in Online Reading Communities

The #BookTok Connection: Examining Cultural and Linguistic Identity Expression in Online Reading Communities

The Grip of Change: An Attempt to Raise Consciousness with Special Reference to Feminist Approach

Dalit literature especially written by Dalit women goes beyond conventional linguistic expression. It moves into the realm of social and political areas in search of their identity. The present work delves deep into a probing leap into the field of Dalit women’s writings dealing with their anguish, aiming at the liberation of mind and body. It also stands as a proud reflection of the cultural and social history of the community. The problem, the suffering and the difference meted out to the Dalit women come to the forefront. Their writings depict the picture of Dalit women’s life in the present as well as their past, their communities and their experiences. The identity crisis, the status of double marginalization, the liminality of identity and the process of reconstruction of identity are the main objectives of the article. The denial of voice to women has paved the way to avail other voices through their own writings. This article attempts to explore how Dalit women’s writings deal with a triple tragedy of oppression and suppression on account of gender, caste and class as well as poverty. It throws light on how these writings, reflect the nagging worries and anxieties of the community as a whole through a feminist perspective. The present study revolves around the silent suffering of Dalit women in their own voice.

Recension av:] Kwiatkowski, Marion, 2024: Finding your Place among Different Languages and Cultures. Linguistic Expressions of Social Identity by Transcultural Youth in Rural Finland

Recension av:] Kwiatkowski, Marion, 2024: Finding your Place among Different Languages and Cultures. Linguistic Expressions of Social Identity by Transcultural Youth in Rural Finland

Transformation of free-text radiology reports into structured data

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) opens up new possibilities for the automated processing of medical texts. Transforming unstructured radiology reports into structured data is crucial for efficient use in clinical decision support systems, research, and improving patient care. What are the challenges of transforming natural language radiology reports into structured data using LLMs? Which methods and architectures are promising? How can the quality and reliability of the extracted data be ensured? This article examines current research on the application of LLMs in radiological information processing. Various approaches such as rule-based systems, machine learning, and deep learning models, particularly neural network architectures, are analyzed and compared. The focus is on extracting information such as diagnoses, anatomical locations, findings, and measurements. LLMs show great potential in transforming reports into structured data. In particular, deep learning models trained on large datasets achieve high accuracies. However, challenges remain, such as dealing with ambiguities, abbreviations, and the variability of linguistic expressions. Combining LLMs with domain-specific knowledge, for example, in the form of ontologies, can further improve the performance of the systems. Integrating contextual information and developing robust evaluation metrics are also important research directions.

Evidence-informed language: interpretation and impact on intentions to treat – results of an online survey of medical students and specialists in German-speaking countries

ObjectivesCurrently, there is no generally accepted consensus on how to translate strength of evidence into language. Against this background, we here investigated how widely used verbal descriptors of evidence grades...

Performance Evaluation of Turkish Ports: Integrated Fuzzy Entropy- Fuzzy MARCOS Analysis

Purpose: The aim of this study is to propose the Fuzzy Entropy based Fuzzy MARCOS method to solve the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem, which involves analyzing the performance of Turkish ports according to quantitative evaluation criteria. Methodology: The uncertainty of quantitative criteria is based on the different values they take at different time periods. To overcome this problem, in this study, the importance levels of the criteria were determined by the Fuzzy Entropy method. Then, 11 port alternatives with a share of over 1% in transportation in Turkish ports were ranked according to their performance using the Fuzzy Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method. Findings: According to the analysis results, the most important evaluation criterion used in the performance evaluation of container ports, that is, the criterion with the highest weight, is the “port area” criterion. The port with the highest performance value among the ports is Kocaeli port. This method can provide a more accurate evaluation of the performance level of ports and its use in the planning and effective use of port investments. Originality: This research fills the gap in the literature in three ways: (1) Evaluatee the application of triangular fuzzy numbers to the panel data, which will provide effective inferences about the performanse level of the selected ports, (2) Evaluated a weighting approach using Entropy method that takes into account the distances of triangular fuzzy numbers consisting of real numbers instead of linguistic expressions, (3) An Entropy-based MARCOS method is proposed for solving the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem involving the performanse analysis of Turkish ports.