Linguistic Elements Research Articles

Exploring the Fictional World in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: A Critical Stylistic Study

Critical stylistics is an interesting area that explores ideologies and social concepts, specifically in literary genres. Although critical stylistic studies are increasing, limited studies have explored social concepts in Romantic poetry. Hence, this qualitative study aimed at exploring the construction of the fictional world in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge employing Functional Grammar. The poem was analysed to highlight the linguistic elements that contribute to the construction of the fictional world by Coleridge. Nominal and verbal groups, word order, and deictic expressions were analysed within the framework of Critical Stylistics. The findings revealed that nouns and their descriptions are sometimes incompatible with the fictional world of Coleridge. Verbs are used to express the speaker's full control over the hearer and other characters in the poem. These linguistic phenomena were employed with varied frequencies. The findings of the study, firstly, extended the existing knowledge of the critical stylistic description of poetry, and secondly illustrated how the combination of linguistic elements could present new meanings.

Hubungan Metalinguistik dengan Kemampuan Reading Comprehension Anak Kelas 2-6 SD di Surakarta

Abstract Background: Reading comprehension exhibits a complex system that describes how different linguistic elements take part in reception and comprehension. Metalinguistics indirectly affects how one comprehends a passage. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between metalinguistics and reading comprehension ability of children in grades 2-6 in Surakarta. Methods: This study is a type of quantitative research and uses a causality research design. In sampling using multistage sampling technique with a sample of 100 respondents. Data collection using questions then data processing using the spearman rank test. Results: This study uses the spearman rank analysis test because it is to determine the relationship between the two variables. With the results of the p value = 0.000, where the p value <0.05 then Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) is accepted, thus indicating that there is a significant relationship between metalinguistics and Reading Comprehension ability of children in grades 2-6 SD in Surakarta. The correlation coefficient of 0.51 is said to be strong because it falls into the interval. Conclusion: Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between metalinguistics and reading comprehension ability in grade 2-6 elementary school children. Keywords : Language, Metalinguistics, Reading Comprehension, Literacy

Юридический язык средневековых русских купчих на землю XIV–XV вв.

This article aims to examine the history of the emergence of legal terms and expressions used in the drafting of land deeds in Russian territories during the XIV–XV centuries. The content of land deeds from this period indicates that over the centuries in medieval Russia, a distinct legal language was formed through which transactions for the sale and purchase of land were formalized. Analyzing the terminology and speech patterns used in the drafting of land deeds not only allows for a deeper understanding of our ancestors’ perceptions of the sequence of actions accompanying the process of land alienation through sale and purchase but also traces the transformation of certain commonly used words from Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic into legal terms. The findings of the study suggest that the legal language of medieval Russian land deeds was shaped by the oral practice of concluding real estate transactions predominantly based on the lexicon and linguistic expressions of the Old Russian language. In conclusion, the study of the legal language of medieval Russian land deeds sheds light on the evolution of legal terminology and linguistic practices in the region. The incorporation of traditional linguistic elements into legal discourse underscores the importance of historical context in understanding legal language. Moving forward, continued research into the linguistic and legal aspects of medieval land deeds will contribute to our understanding of the legal history of Russia and its linguistic heritage.

Puerto Rican welfare queens and the semiotics of respectability: The language of race, class, and gender

AbstractIn this article, we explore how raciolinguistic parody functions in a society that hegemonically denies racial divisions. Through an analysis of Puerto Rican comedian Natalia Lugo's YouTube portrayals of her character, Francheska the Yal ‘welfare queen,’ we argue that covert racialization operates through a semiotics of respectability, whereby disreputable forms of femininity, class expression, and nonstandard language are co‐indexical with the yal’s failure to normatively “whiten” herself. We contend that US colonial narratives that scapegoat poor women of color for the island's poverty are reconstructed in Lugo's parodies by depicting the yal as provincial and excessive. Lugo's performative choices underscore the interplay of linguistic, material, and discursive elements that marginalize the yal, enabling parody without challenging structural inequalities. Our analysis sheds light on the ways in which semiotic practices reify such social hierarchies where they are systemically denied.

Text mining analysis of retail and consumer service leaders' sustainability narratives: Are they actually true?

This study investigates the relationship between the sustainability narratives of retail and consumer services leaders and their actual sustainability practices, with a focus on the impact of these narratives on consumer perceptions and engagement. Firm-generated content (FGC) has become a significant factor influencing consumer reactions, especially in the context of sustainability claims within the retail and consumer services sectors. Our research examines the alignment of linguistic and communicative elements in sustainability communications with the actual sustainability performance of companies employing a multifaceted analytical approach including content/theme analysis, sentiment analysis, emotion detection, and readability assessments. The findings reveal that thematic content related to sustainability, emotional engagement strategies, and the clarity of communication are shown to play vital roles in enhancing consumer trust and engagement with retail and consumer services firms. Moreover, readability and polarity are critical in shaping consumer perceptions of authenticity and reliability in sustainability narratives. The study underscores the importance of transparency and authenticity in sustainability communications, demonstrating that effective messaging can significantly influence consumer engagement with retail and consumer services firms. By bridging the gap between sustainability narratives and actual practices, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of strategic communication's role in fostering sustainable consumer behavior and trust in the retail and consumer services sector.

EXPLORING THE COGNITIVE DIMENSIONS OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Cognitive Linguistics, as an expanding discipline in language study, delves into language as a mental phenomenon, presenting a holistic approach that integrates linguistic and cognitive elements. Unlike traditional linguistics, which scrutinizes syntactical patterns, word structures, grammar rules, phonology, semantics, and lexical meanings, Cognitive Linguistics offers a comprehensive model that interweaves various closely connected theories. This study seeks to elucidate the manifestations of Cognitive Linguistics in language, providing scholars with a discerning analysis of existing theories. Furthermore, employing methods of descriptive and comparative analysis, this study aims to demonstrate the impact of Cognitive Linguistics on language processing and acquisition. It highlights its significance in second language acquisition while elucidating the underlying mental processes involved. The paper offers a succinct overview of this evolving discipline, encapsulating its unique characteristics within the encompassing term Cognitive Linguistics.

Fire, police cars and barricade tape: exploring visual securitisation in Sweden Democrats’ Instagram posts

ABSTRACT With the growing popularity of visual-centred social media, authoritarian populist parties are provided with more platforms and devices to position themselves as key securitising actors by engaging in the visual securitisation of issues related to immigration, law and order. This paper uses the 2022 Swedish electoral campaign as a case study to explore the securitisation in the visual discourse of authoritarian populist actors by comparing the Sweden Democrats to the mainstream right. Through a combination of thematic and multimodal critical discourse analyses, this study examined a total of 639 Instagram posts. It shows how the Sweden Democrats use semiotic strategies to represent social actors in a way that conveys the message of securitisation. The findings reveal that the authoritarian populist party adopts a visual securitising style that not only includes apparent populist aspects and relies on the linguistic elements to counterbalance the ambiguity of the image, but it is also distinct from the discursive style of the mainstream right.

Examining the Cultural Connotations in Human and Machine Translations: A Corpus Study of Naguib Mahfouz's Zuqāq al-Midaqq

The translation of culture-specific terms constitutes a major challenge for professional translators as it necessitates a thorough understanding of both the linguistic and cultural elements. With rapid technological advancement over the past few years, machine translation has enhanced translation quality. This study investigates the transability of cultural connotations in the Arabic-English translation of Naguib Mahfouz’s Zuqāq al-Midaqq. A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted to achieve the intended goals of the study. The data comprised human and machine translations from Google Translate and ChatGPT. Through qualitative content analysis, the translations were compared for accuracy in transferring the cultural connotations prevalent in the Arabic source text. The findings revealed that the human translation showed greater naturalness and accuracy in rendering cultural connotations. Machine translation has struggled with rhetorical devices, idioms, and cultural nuances. The results also indicated that the AI-enhanced machine represented by ChatGPT captured the cultural elements more effectively than Google Translate. The study concluded that human expertise remains essential for the high-quality translation of literary works to maintain cultural significance. The findings can inform translator training and guide improvements to AI-enhanced translation for literary texts.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SOFTWARE AND ITS LOCALIZATION INTO UKRAINIAN

The article explores the effects of the internationalization process on adapting software for the Ukrainian locale, emphasizing the linguistic, communicative, and socio-cultural challenges encountered by localizers and translators. It also discusses the strategies employed to address these challenges, considering the unique characteristics of the product and the production processes involved in adapting software for various markets. The study relies on the localized versions of software from Microsoft and Google, along with an examination of their style guides. The goal of the research is to assess the impact of internationalization on the adaptation of software for the Ukrainian audience by delineating strategies and identifying key localization issues. Comparative and contextual analysis methods are used to examine the original and localized versions of the software. The findings from the analysis of supporting documentation and Ukrainian localized products demonstrate that localization is a multifaceted process designed to adapt a product based on the interaction between differenlocales. The interaction properties humans and software to meet the specific requirements and characteristics of influence the architecture and textual elements of the software, as well as the sequence of operations necessary for adaptation to specific locales. Throughout the internationalization of software and the preparation of materials for further localization, certain elements are identified as vulnerable due to linguistic, communicative, and socio-cultural factors, which can present challenges during adaptation to local needs. The linguistic issues associated with Ukrainian localization stem from the specific alphabet system and grammatical features of the Ukrainian language. Communicative aspects determine the level of formality in the software's interaction with Ukrainian users. The socio-cultural characteristics of the Ukrainian locale are the most dynamic and, therefore, may not be fully encapsulated in localization guidelines. The analysis of the auxiliary documents provided to localizers illustrates the developers' commitment to delivering high-quality localized software to Ukrainian users. This commitment is achieved by identifying and addressing the linguistic, communicative, and socio-cultural elements that play a crucial role in successful localization.

An Analysis of Language Styles Used by Tour Guides in Huta Siallagan: A Study of International Tourist Satisfaction

This research delves into an examination of the language styles employed by tour guides in Huta Siallagan when interacting with international tourists. The primary objectives of this study were twofold: first, to categorize and identify the various types of language styles used by tour guides during their interactions with tourists, and second, to assess the overall satisfaction of international tourists with the services provided by these tour guides. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive qualitative method was employed. The research methodology followed the framework outlined by Miles and Huberman, encompassing data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions from the collected information. The data collection process involved the transcription of voice recordings of tour guides and foreign tourists, which were then transformed into written scripts. Subsequently, these scripts were closely examined to identify specific linguistic elements, allowing for a detailed analysis of the language styles present in the tour guide-tourist interactions. For the analytical framework, Martin Joos' theory was utilized, providing a structured framework for understanding and categorizing the language styles used by tour guides. In total, the study analysed 77 utterances from the collected data. The findings of this research reveal that the most prevalent language style utilized by tour guides in Huta Siallagan when interacting with international tourists is the casual style. This outcome sheds light on the communicative preferences and practices of tour guides in this cultural and touristic context. These insights can be invaluable for tour operators, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the tourism industry, aiming to enhance the experiences of international tourists visiting Huta Siallagan.

Against level-3-only analyses in corpus linguistics

Abstract In the last few decades, much work in corpus linguistics has attempted to discover, and then interpret, differences in the frequencies of use of linguistic elements (words, patterns, constructions, discourse features, etc.). It is probably fair to say that such studies were particularly frequent in (i) learner corpus research, (ii) corpus-based varieties research, and (iii) sociolinguistically motivated studies. For instance, many studies have discussed the differences in how often certain elements are used (i) in corpus data from native speakers vs. corpus data from learner from different L1 backgrounds, (ii) in corpora representing different inner- and outer-circle varieties, or (iii) by speakers in corpora representing people of different gender or sexual identities. This paper will make the admittedly bold claim that any such study can in fact by definition unable to ‘prove’ what is often their main points, namely that the distributional differences found are in fact due to the one hypothesized explanatory variable(s) of L1, VARIETY, or, e.g., GENDER even when the distributional differences are significant and come with a decent effect size. To substantiate this claim, I will discuss some terminology from the family of methods known as multi-level modeling, namely the distinction between level-1, level-2, ... level-n variables and its relevance for many corpus studies. Second, I will then demonstrate how studies using only the above kinds of variables cannot distinguish the effect of their favored predictors from the effect of local/contextual level-1 variables. Third, in discussing this, I will exemplify how such effects need to be explored quantitatively instead.

CHINESE AND EUROPEAN LINGUISTIC TRADITIONS AS WORLDVIEW VARIATIONS

This article explores the differences between European and Chinese cognitive strategies as the basis for the "non-adaptability" of European grammatical categories to the Chinese language and the absence of "grammar" in the Chinese linguistic heritage. The analysis of linguistic elements involved in the formation and nomination of fundamental concepts of ancient and ancient Chinese philosophy identifies two distinct initial models of the world: a matter-oriented model and an energy-oriented model. This is based on the universality of the concept of "model-dependent realism" in relation to cognition. The energy-oriented picture of the world coincides with the unmanifest Principle's incomprehensibility, whereas the matter-oriented model correlates with the human mind's knowledge of the world's laws. The matter-oriented model has given rise to a methodologically reductionist approach to cognition, including language cognition. European grammar was looking for answers to the following questions: "What units exist?", "In what relations are they with each other?" and "What laws describe these relations?". When the studied languages were formed during the implementation of the same initial matter-oriented model of the world, this approach.

Using a Storybook and the Four Resources Model to Foster Critical Literacy in an English as a Foreign Language Classroom

The ideology and social-political viewpoints of the author have an impact on their texts. Students should thus assess their reading and writing assignments from several angles and avoid taking any material at face value. However, there is still a lack of literacy practice in the EFL environment that goes beyond breaking down linguistic elements and comprehending the surface material of the texts. As a result, educators should switch from conventional literacy to critical literacy. Beyond just decoding words, critical literacy interprets them in light of their context to conclude the social, political, and ideological viewpoints expressed in the text. This research aims to determine if using a storybook and the four resources model of critical literacy may help first- semester students in the English Language Education Study Program at Universitas Bale Bandung practice critical literacy. The four resources model suggested by Luke and Freebody (1999) served as the foundation for the text discussions. Focus group interviews, classroom observations, and notebooks they kept while researching a tale were all used to gather the data. The results demonstrated that including an account and four resources help pupils strengthen their critical thinking skills. Through breaking codes exercises, discussion of the storybook during the meaning-making stage, comprehension of the story's structural elements and social function during the text-use phase, and critical discussion of the storybook, the students could identify the writer's language choice and challenge social norms. Despite its drawbacks and limitations, this research shows that critical literacy practice is feasible in EFL contexts, particularly in reading classroom.

An Analysis of George Orwell 's Animal Farm with Discourse Coherence Theory

Animal Farm is a political allegory that reflects the social and political issues of the Soviet Union under Stalin's regime. The narrative provides an insightful critique of the corruption and abuse of power that occurred during the communist regime. It highlights the process of social control and manipulation, the importance of language and discourse, and the effects of propaganda. The discourse coherence theory aims to explain the factors contributing to the coherence and coherence problems in texts. The theory suggests that coherence is achieved through the connections between linguistic elements, world knowledge, and situational and contextual factors. An analysis of Animal Farm from the perspective of discourse coherence theory could reveal how the language and discourse used in the narrative contribute to the coherence and the ways in which coherence is disrupted. Therefore, Animal Farm could be a suitable text for studying discourse coherence theory due to its complex narrative structure and the use of language and discourse to convey political messages.

Towards automatic question generation using pre-trained model in academic field for Bahasa Indonesia

AbstractExam evaluations are essential to assessing students’ knowledge and progress in a subject or course. To meet learning objectives and assess student performance, questions must be themed. Automatic Question Generation (AQG) is our novel approach to this problem. A comprehensive process for autonomously generating Bahasa Indonesia text questions is shown. This paper suggests using a decoder to generate text from deep learning models’ tokens. The suggested technique pre-processes Vectorized Corpus, Token IDs, and Features Tensor. The tensors are embedded to increase each token, and attention is masked to separate padding tokens from context-containing tokens. An encoder processes the encoded tokens and attention masks to create a contextual understanding memory that the decoder uses to generate text. Our work uses the Sequence-to-Sequence Learning architecture of BiGRU, BiLSTM, Transformer, BERT, BART, and GPT. Implementing these models optimizes computational resources while extensively exploring the research issue. The model uses context sentences as input and question sentences as output, incorporating linguistic elements like response placement, POS tags, answer masking, and named entities (NE) to improve comprehension and linguistic ability. Our approach includes two innovative models: IndoBERTFormer, which combines a BERT encoder with a Transformer decoder, and IndoBARTFormer, which decodes vectors like BERT. IndoTransGPT uses the Transformer as an encoder to improve understanding, extending the GPT model’s adaptability.

"Nolite te bastardes carborundorum": Corpus Stylistics and Language of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale

This paper investigates the stylistic and linguistic characteristics of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, a novel of Canadian origin. Employing a corpus-based approach, the researcher aims to analyze its stylistic features in-depth, focusing on specific predetermined categories. Quantitative analysis was facilitated through WordSmith 8.0 software, enabling the identification of keywords in context, which serve as indicators of the linguistic style within the selected corpus. Results indicate that the novel employs simple language and concise sentence structures. Moreover, it demonstrates lexical diversity, encompassing various themes with a higher type-token ratio (TTR), indicative of a diverse vocabulary. Notably, there is a notable prevalence of first-person singular pronouns throughout the text. Regarding content word distribution, verbs are the most frequently utilized, followed by nouns, pronouns, adverbs, and adjectives—additionally, the analysis of keywords aids in uncovering stylistic and linguistic elements embedded within the text.

Penerapan Wacana Dalam Konteks Perdagangan Di Pasar Bei Abuk Betun

One form of communication is discourse. Discourse means 'performing speech acts', discourse can be in oral or written form. Discourse is an attempt to understand linguistic elements because the distinguishing element between discourse and non-discourse lies in the presence or absence of a unified meaning. One form is conversational description and exposition, where this discourse aims to describe a real situation and convey facts in an orderly, logical, interconnected manner with the aim of explaining ideas, terms, problems, processes, etc. so that they are known. by other people. This discourse is appropriate to use for interactions in the field of commerce, because it tries to explain and invite someone to be interested in what we describe and explain.

Choice, marketing and subjectivities: A discursive-semiotic analysis of six Montessori websites

In Australia, the term ‘preschool’ generally refers to settings that cater for the education of children in the year before compulsory schooling, hence making it a pivotal site for neoliberal discourses that seek to frame preschoolers as requiring ‘school readiness’. While much research has focused on the implications of neoliberal reforms in the primary through tertiary and childcare sectors, particularly the divisive social consequences of these shifts, insufficient attention has been paid to the ‘neoliberal creep’ – to co-opt Viggiano’s term – into the lives of Australian children and their parents/caregivers.1 This paper draws on a combination of discursive, affective and semiotic analysis to investigate how neoliberal discourses work through advertising regimes to influence parental choice in the current preschool market. Through the analysis of six Montessori preschool websites, the article highlights how, through the targeted manipulation of visual and linguistic elements, marketing experts create and reinforce idealised constructions of children, which in turn, contribute to the establishment of specific discursive and affective environments. This results in a sort of ‘emotional governance’ which directly influences the relationships between marketisation, discursive subjectivities, and the classed and gendered implications of parental choice in Australia.

Japanese and Chinese Lexical Borrowing as an Outcome of Language Contact and Influence

As a commonly observed phenomenon, no language has not borrowed lexical items from some other language(s), just as no culture has developed with no influence from some other culture(s). There have been numerous studies of linguistic borrowing to explore why a particular language incorporates some linguistic elements from another language into its linguistic repertoire. This is known as a phenomenon of linguistic transference. Abundant research findings provide strong evidence that such a transference most commonly occurs in the realm of vocabulary because the borrowing language (i.e., the recipient language) incorporates some cultural items or conceptual elements and the names along with them from some external source. More specifically, this particular linguistic phenomenon is recognized as lexical borrowing. From some cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspectives, this study describes and explains lexical borrowing in terms of linguistic transformation as an outcome of language contact. Linguistic transformation is defined as adaptation of one linguistic form in one language to another linguistic form in another language. Language contact is defined as the phenomenon where two languages come into contact at various cross-linguistic and cross-cultural levels. Based on the representative examples as observed in contemporary Japanese and Chinese lexical borrowing, this paper presents a case study of such a particular language contact phenomenon by categorizing the borrowed lexical items into several areas of language contact. It describes linguistic transformation in terms of phonological/morphological adaptation and semantic transfer/creation/substitution. Thus, this study presents a model of lexical borrowing through language contact and its linguistic outcome.

Improving Layman Understanding of Forensic Evidence: Can the Language of Autopsy Reports and Personal Examination Reports be Made more Lay-friendly?

In murder and attempted murder cases, the information provided by the autopsy report or personal examination report and the evidence given in court by forensic pathologists is often essential for the legal outcome. These reports written by forensic pathologists contain very specialised language; however, when used in connection with legal cases, the target audience also comprises non-experts in medicine such as the police, lawyers, judges, jury members and lay judges. Therefore, the reports must be comprehensible to this lay audience. This study investigates the language of 15 written autopsy reports and personal examination reports used in court with the aim of identifying potentially incomprehensible linguistic features or features which make the reports unnecessarily complex to laymen. Results show that many linguistic elements both at word, sentence and text level can be changed to more lay-friendly options without loss of precision. We discuss best practice recommendations as well as potential barriers to implementing these recommendations in practice.