Cultural Linguistics Research Articles

LINGUACULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE CONCEPT “HAPPINESS” IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

In modern linguistics, there are no cases of comprehensive study of concepts, that is, the study of both theoretical and practical aspects. Thus, it is not an easy task to determine the ways of lexical expression of a certain concept. The purpose of this article is to identify stereotypes related to the concept of happiness in the linguistic culture of the Uzbek and English languages, to study the linguistic space, as well as to analyze some literary sources. This article is devoted to the linguacultural aspects of concept “happiness” in modern English and Uzbek languages. Furthermore, it is analyzed both as common value of humankind as well as cultural specify of some nation. Attitude to happiness allows revealing the existential characteristics, norms, traditions of different social groups, since a different interpretation of happiness within the framework of different cultures reveals their ethnos cultural specificity and perception of the world and people.

Transformation of the Basic Value Mitleid (Compassion) in German Linguoculture

Today, scientists from various sciences are studying the content of basic values. At the same time, scientists believe that values, being a factor consolidating society, should remain stable. The linguistic analysis used in the work indicates a rapid change in values in modern linguistic culture, which begins with a change in the emotional-evaluative component. Diagnostics of such processes is extremely relevant. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychologically relevant content of the basic value Mitleid (compassion) in German linguistic culture, as well as its dynamics. The main research method, along with the method of semantic analysis, is a free associative experiment, which is considered an effective method for determining the content of a word that represents the basic value with the same name. A free associative experiment was conducted with speakers of German linguoculture in 2023. Respondents aged 17 to 23 years old had to give the first reaction that came to mind to stimulus words nominating basic values of the same name, among which was the word Mitleid (compassion). Due to modern extralinguistic conditions, the free associative experiment was conducted in the format of Google questionnaires. During the experiment, 614 reactions were obtained. As a result of the study, it was found that a large number of conceptual reactions indicate the respondents’ understanding of this concept and indicate the assimilation of this concept and the ability to explain it. At the same time, the data obtained indicate the absence of this concept in the speech activity of individuals, as well as the dynamics of basic value, which manifests itself in negative reactions.

Компаративный подход в лингводидактике: сущность и перспективы

The article is devoted to the consideration of an approach, the relevance of which is due to modern linguodidactic research aimed at comparing various linguodidactic phenomena or studying various methods, technologies and techniques characteristic of foreign language education systems both at the international level and within the framework of a single linguistic culture. The purpose of the article was to substantiate the essence of the comparative approach by considering the development of linguodidactics, both from the point of view of retrospective analysis and the content side, as well as the analysis of the successive leading paradigms of the foreign language education system. Due to the specifics of the comparative approach, namely, as the main approach used for conducting scientific work through comparison, it is necessary to study and analyze the specifics of using the comparative approach for linguodidactic research. As a result of the analysis of works on comparative studies and intercultural communication, the need for a comparative approach as an element of scientific knowledge, acquisition and enrichment of methodological science in the field of foreign languages was described. It was also shown that the comparative approach under consideration not only does not exclude the existence of previously developed approaches, but complements them and takes linguodidactics to a new stage of development.

Cultural Imagery of Tolaki Mekongga Community of Kolaka in Mowindahako Ritual

This paper aims to discover and describe cultural imagery in mowindahako ritual utterances (custom settlement) in the Tolaki Mekongga community of Southeast Sulawesi. The approach used in this study was a qualitative approach, where the data and data sources were in the form of oral data spoken by traditional interpreters/traditional figures in traditional processions. The techniques used were observation, recording, notes, interviews and documentation techniques. Meanwhile, the theory used was the Cultural Linguistics theory. This theory examines the comparative relationship between language structure and societal culture. The results of this study indicated that in mowindahako ritual, various cultural imageries were found, namely: (1) imageries of beauty, (2) imageries of unity and togetherness, (3) imageries of respect/politeness, (4) imageries of deliberation, and (5) imageries of loyalty and obedience.

Образ учителя в немецкоязычном и русскоязычном дискурсе трудоустройства (на материале объявлений о вакансиях)

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the representation of the image of a foreign language teacher in the employment discourse in two linguistic cultures. The relevance of the research topic is due to transformations in the educational sphere, the trend towards increasing the importance and prestige of the teaching profession in the Russian society, as well as the need for competent training in intercultural communication skills in the modern world. The purpose of this article is to identify the content components of the teacher’s image and the features of their representation in job advertisement texts. The research material was Russian and German job advertisements for foreign language teachers in the amount of 300 texts. The methodological basis of the study is the cognitive and discursive paradigm. In accordance with the goal, the comparative analysis method was used in the work. The authors believe that in the Russian linguistic culture one can distinguish the image of a secondary school teacher and a teacher or tutor in private schools. Consequently, the content components of the image, which include professional competencies, personal qualities, and working conditions, will differ: a private school teacher is presented as a creative, motivated teacher who is provided with both methodological support and various digital tools. A secondary school teacher is a person who performs not only pedagogical tasks, but also organization and management work. A comparative analysis showed that in the German employment discourse, a teacher is, first of all, a “team player.” The main difference between the images of a teacher represented in German job advertisements is the so-called “gender neutrality”. In the Russian employment discourse, a trend has been noted towards the transition of foreign language teaching to an online format. In the pragmalinguistic aspect, in both linguistic cultures, age restrictions are revealed through an informal address to a potential employee, while in German job advertisements, emotional and evaluative vocabulary explicates the employer’s interest.

Value Characteristics of the Core of the Mental Lexicon of Native Speakers of Language and Culture in the Light of Intercultural Communication.

The purpose of this study was to consider the core of the mental lexicon of the Kazakh language based on the analysis of associative dictionaries, to determine the basic lexico-semantic groups of words and to compare the basic lexical layer with value categories. This study uses the following methods of linguocultural, comparative, lexico-semantic, and conceptual analysis, as well as analytical and synthetic analysis, with the help of which the main conceptual values of the Kazakh people were studied: spiritual, mental and material. The lexico-semantic categories of words in the Kazakh language were identified: names of people; adjectives with an assessment of reality; basic action verbs; nouns with abstract meanings. An idea was formed about the differences between the conceptual cores of the mental lexicon of the Kazakhs, the British, and the Spaniards. The principles of intercultural communication and ways of its implementation were considered on the example of the study of the Kazakh language from the point of view of linguistic culture. The basic concepts and their semantic meanings were compared based on the analysis of the linguistic nature of lexemes in the Kazakh, English and Spanish languages. Tables with the results of the study were presented to illustrate the results obtained. This study can be used in further scientific practice, for example, in linguocultural, sociocultural, historical, lexicographic, and conceptual studies.

National Phraseological Units of Speech Behavior in the Kazakh, Russian and English Languages

Summary The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the phraseological systems of a particular language through the prism of national and cultural code of ethnicity, a value-based approach to the linguistic and communicative paradigm on the example of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages, the creation of national speech universals, identifying the area of their functioning and understanding of phraseological structures by native and non-native speakers of the language. The purpose of the study is an in-depth analysis of national, and cultural characteristics through the verbalisation of thought processes displayed in a diachronic language section. The main method of investigation is theoretical, involving the collection and study of a wide range of scientific literature on the stated topic, the identification of the main national elements through the study of the lexical-structural realisation of the value priorities of the people at the level of speech behaviour. The study addresses the unique transmission of folk wisdom by intralingual and extralingual means, the verbalisation of a nation’s thought activity and its results, different aspects of the study of these issues in world science for a complete language picture of a particular nation, the basic similarities, and differences in the mechanisms of operation of different language systems are analysed in detail. The materials presented in the study can be used in further phraseological studies on the moral values of the nation on the example of linguistic culture, the creation of linguistic studies on the influence of verbal and non-verbal factors on the development of people, to study the structural, semantic, stylistic characteristics of speech behaviour, to turn scientific interests into anthropocentric trends, to record and categorise the connotations of stable units and their speech equivalents in dictionaries, textbooks, scientific studies.

Men and Women in Marriage and Beyond: An Analysis of Phrase Usage in Media Texts

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the usage of phraseological units related to marriage in contemporary media texts. The material was extracted from the Russian National Corpus. The aim of the research is to identify the standard and new meanings and functions of phraseological units in this group in relation to the value orientations of contemporary Russian language speakers. The relevance of the study is determined by its linguistic-pragmatic and axiological orientation. The conducted analysis indicates that family continues to be a significant value for representatives of Russian linguistic culture. Society’s attitude towards the topic of marriage is traced within the framework of phraseological blocks, which depict (1) the position of men and women before entering into marriage, (2) within the marital union (this taxon is represented by the largest number of phraseological units), (3) outside of marriage. At the same time, expressions related to civil marriage also emerge in frequent positions. It is shown that euphemistic expressions for infidelity are more often associated with male actors. Media texts demonstrate the development of views on traditional roles of men and women, as well as the presence of non-traditional forms of marriage. Phraseology related to marriage is actively used metaphorically in relation to various spheres of societal life: politics, economy, sports, etc.

Automotive culture of China and Russia

INTRODUCTION. The study is devoted to considering the problem of the specifics of Chinese and Russian automotive cultures and is focused on the explication of linguistic facts. The purpose of the study is to analyze the “linguocultural space” of automotive culture, which can be a certain marker of the names of car brands as a specific category of proper names in Chinese and Russian linguistic cultures.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The empirical material for the study was the names of famous car brands in China and Russia, taken from scientific and popular science publications on the history of automotive culture. To describe the facts of the language, a continuous sampling method, a descriptive method and an interpretation method, and definitional analysis were used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It has been established that automotive culture, being a component of national culture, reflects a specific way of human activity. Automotive culture is strengthened by local car brands and plays an important role in the economy of any country. Nowadays, Chinese automobile culture plays an important role in the global market, providing people with increasingly competitive cars and services, and taking an active place in the life of modern society. The future of the Chinese automotive industry will pursue a path of self-reliant and highquality development to create a favorable living environment for people.CONCLUSION. The development of automotive culture is largely determined by the degree of significant semantic indicators, which include “prestige”, “reliability”, “comfort”, “price”, “fashion”. These indicators for native speakers of both Chinese and Russian languages are assigned to the names of car brands and give an idea of automotive culture, reflected in the form of the so-called “image of the world,” which explicates the linguistic component, taking into account the specifics of the national culture and the native speaker at the same time, reflecting important information about different linguistic cultures in the context of synchrony.

Когнитивные метафоры и сравнения в удмуртских загадках о пчелах

The work is devoted to the consideration of riddles about bees in the Udmurt linguistic culture. The article aims to study comparisons and metaphors, as well as analyze the image of an insect in riddles. The material was riddles reflected in special folklore publications and lexicographic sources. During the analysis, linguoculturological, semantic, etymological, and conceptual methods were used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the bee in riddles is presented in the form of complex metaphors, comparisons and euphemisms. The bee and the hive in Udmurt culture are revealed in different categories. The hive is most often associated with a house, a pit and a syulyk (a woman’s headdress). The sounds made by a bee and a bee colony are compared to the crying of a baby, the whining of a dog, or the growling of a motor. The bee itself or the bee family is associated in popular fantasy with a daughter-in-law, who is sad about parting with her parents and expecting hardships in the new family. Riddles about bees are typically compared to a huge number of people or a flock of sheep. In quantitative terms, the sound or hum of a beehive corresponds to a hundred or a thousand. Along with crying, the flight of bees from the hive is compared to sifting flour. Fairy tales also reflect the bee's ability to sting, build honeycombs, and make honey.

The Concept of “Dreams (While Sleeping)” in the Proverbial Context of the Russian and Kyrgyz Languages

This article conducts a linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbial expressions, we tried to identify the specifics of linguistic verbalization of the linguistic and cultural concept of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / түш (Kyrgyz)” in the Russian and Kyrgyz linguistic proverbial space. The combination of sustainable forms produces a proverbial space of language, which reflects the entire history of life, way of life and experience, folk observations, conclusions, traditions and customs of each nation. By conducting linguistic studies of each language, linguists identify the ethnocultural characteristics of each language, depending on such extralinguistic factors as: geographical location, mental processes in the consciousness of a certain ethnic group and worldview. The relevance of this survey is the importance of the linguistic and cultural concepts, semantic descriptions of the features of Russian and Kyrgyz paroemia, which are an integral part of the national linguistic picture of the world. The concepts of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / туш (Kyrgyz)” considered by are an important state of human existence, the basic concept of any linguistic culture.

Ethno-linguistic and cultural interaction on the Russian-Chinese borderland

INTRODUCTION. Problems of dialogue of cultures and dialogue of languages on the Russian -Chinese borderland are currently actively attracting researchers. In the process of interaction b etween ethnic groups on the eastern section of the border between Russia and China, an exchange of information inevitably occurs, which is contained in political statements, media texts, works of science, technology, fiction, as well as through spontaneous information flows during informal communication between communication participants. The purpose of the study is to describe the interaction of languages on the Russian-Chinese borderland.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The material consists of recordings of speech of residents of the Far East. The main method is descriptive, which includes procedures for collecting material, its primary analysis, presentation of the results obtained and their characteristics. Elements of the comparative method are also used when comparing data from the Russian and Chinese languages.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It is necessary to separate concepts such as “regiolect” and “regionalism”. There is no special regionalect in the Far East, but the peculiarities of the speech of the inhabitants of the Outer Manchuria and Primorye regions include regionalisms, which are always represented in dialects, sociolects, and urban speech throughout the territories of distribution of the Russian language.CONCLUSION. The main interaction between the cultures and languages of the Russian and Chinese peoples occurs on the eastern section of the border between the countries, where more than 80 million people live. In the Russian-Chinese borderland, Chineseisms are noted in Russian linguistic culture and Russianisms in Chinese. Russian and Chinese onyms of all categories are widely represented in the speech of residents on both sides of the border, which function in dialect, urban speech and are included by writers in literary texts about the lives of people on both sides of the border.

Comparative Analysis of Chinese and South Korean Four-Character Idioms Related to the Number Hundred

As the crystallization of national culture and life wisdom, idioms are a very important part of language learning. Based on some idioms with hundred in the Chinese Dictionary and those with ? in the ??????? (?????), this paper makes a compara-tive study of Chinese and South Korean idioms. Through applying the theory of cultural linguistics and the theory of comparative linguistics, Chinese and South Korean idioms are compared in the following four aspects: same form and same meaning , different form while same meaning , same form while different meaning and different form and different meaning , which hopes to be helpful to some people who teach and learn Chinese and South Korean.

Comparative analysis of classical naming in Chinese and Russian

The subject of the study is the producing motivational bases of nominees in the Chinese and Russian languages. The object of the study is naming in two cultures. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the theory of nomination and its unique features in relation to Chinese and Russian linguistic cultures; the concept of naming and the process of creating onyms in two languages under the influence of historical background. Particular attention is paid to the Chinese tone, which influences the creation of ononyms, as well as a comparative study of onoms in the Chinese and Russian languages. The study was based on provisions formulated by linguists who study issues related to naming and nomination theory: Y.Y. Huang, A.K.K. Chan, V. Mathesius and others. Research methods: systematization and generalization, etymological analysis, conceptual analysis, linguocultural analysis. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions formulated based on the results of the comparative analysis: in Chinese culture, names are chosen to convey certain meanings and connotations. Chinese proper names often consist of two or three characters, with the surname coming first. Surnames are usually passed down through generations and carry with them a deep sense of tradition and origin. Names are often chosen to reflect virtues or values that parents hope to embody in their child. Names can also be chosen based on elements of Chinese astrology, such as the five elements and 12 animal signs. In Russian culture, names also have important meaning and are chosen based on many factors. They usually consist of a first name, a patronymic (derived from the father's name) and a last name. Surnames are usually inherited and reflect the ethnic or regional origin of the family. Names may be chosen based on religious significance, family traditions, or popular trends. The author’s special contribution to the study of the topic is that the article summarizes the main similarities and differences in Russian and Chinese naming. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, based on etymological analysis, it established the relevant features of naming in the Chinese and Russian languages, which are also presented in a comparative aspect.

Sociocultural and linguodiscursive characteristics of irony

The article is a review of existing scientific views on irony as a phenomenon at the junction of several disciplines. Definitions of this phenomenon are presented from the point of view of philosophical, aesthetic, anthropological, literary, linguistic approach. The views on irony as a category of the comic, a worldview category, as a way of perceiving and comprehending reality are listed. The author points out that in the process of communication, irony is a kind of barrier to dividing participants into "ironic" and their "victims", that is, those who are able to interpret irony and the "uninitiated". Discursive irony is considered as a product of interaction, cooperation between the author and the addressee, as a result of which an ironic effect may arise (if the ironic utterance is correctly interpreted) or not (in the case of a communicative failure). Various interpretations of the concept of "irony" are considered in comparison, arguments are given justifying the author's agreement / disagreement with existing formulations. The focus of the article is on irony, an effect that arises as a result of interaction between interlocutors: the ironic speaker and the recipient who perceives and interprets irony. The author's contribution to the development of the theory of discourse is expressed in the analysis of irony in English and Russian linguistic cultures. The article highlights the main socio-cultural and linguodiscursive characteristics of irony. The conclusion is made about the importance of irony in communication, about its role in the verbal and emotional intelligence of the participants of the discourse. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that in the proposed work irony is considered as an integral characteristic of modern English and Russian discourse, which ensures that the speaker achieves the fulfillment of a communicative intention. The main result of the work is the postulate about the ethnostilistic labeling of irony, which opens up wide prospects for studying the features of irony in national discourses. The data presented in the article can be used for the further development of ethnostilistics, linguistic pragmatics, and the theory of intercultural communication.

Research on Farming Culture of the Liangshan Yi Nationality

As the cornerstone of China's excellent traditional culture, agricultural culture carries a profound cultural heritage. As the sixth largest ethnic minority in China, Yi people provide abundant resources for the study of Chinese traditional farming culture. Through the research of agricultural vocabulary, we can explore the progress of Yi's agricultural society and reveal the unique agricultural culture of Yi people. Based on the previous research results, combined with the concept of cultural linguistics and other related disciplines, this paper classifies, sorts, analyzes and studies the existing agricultural vocabulary of the Yi people, excavates the rich cultural connotation behind the agricultural vocabulary of the Yi people, further interprets the cultural history of the Yi people, and explores the historical origin of Chinese farming civilization. In addition, the protection and inheritance of traditional farming words has far-reaching cultural significance, and helps to show the unique charm of the excellent traditional farming culture of the Chinese nation, enhance the sense of identity and belonging to the traditional farming culture, and contribute to the protection and inheritance of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

Research into the capacities of the global digital environment for obtaining cultural and conceptual information at institutional and individual levels

Introduction. The article examines the problem of using the global digital environment as a resource of information about the concepts of German linguistic culture. The purpose of the article is to study the functions of the digital environment, identify its capacities for institutional and individual familiarization with cultural-conceptual information, justify the criteria for selecting media texts, and summarize recommendations for using the environment as a source of information about linguistic concepts. Materials and Methods. The study of the digital environment was conducted during two semesters in 12 groups of undergraduates studying German at MGIMO University of the Russian Foreign Ministry. During the research, the following methods were used: survey and study of written and oral statements of students in the process of their immersion into the digital environment, analysis and systematization of the accumulated experience in teaching the concepts of German culture. Results. The article summarizes the experience of researching the global digital environment as a resource of cultural and conceptual information. The functions of the environment used in teaching a foreign language are determined: informational, educational, motivational,and diagnostic. The prospects for institutional and independent familiarization with information about key concepts of culture are identified. The criteria for selecting media texts used as a resource of cultural-conceptual information are substantiated: the availability of data on the concepts being studied, compliance with the value guidelines of Russian society, relevance and novelty of materials, matching with the level of foreign language proficiency of international relations students. Conclusions. The authors have revealed the capacities of the digital environment for obtaining cultural and conceptual information at institutional and individual levels. Implementing the research provisions in teaching practice will contribute to the effective use of the virtual cultural and linguistic space and improve the quality of language and professional preparation of international relations professionals.

Peculiarities of the Lexis of Domestic Conflict Discourse in Arabian Countries on the Example of English Literary Texts

The aim of the study is identification of the specifics of the Arab domestic conflict discourse in the context of English literary texts. In this work, the following methods were applied: the method of discourse analysis, the descriptive method. At the first stage of this work, the history of the formation of the concept of "discourse" was studied. Then we explored the pecularities of conflict discourse and its types. The next step was to identify the main causes of conflict situations. At the final stage of the study, the pecularities of domestic conflict discourse in the Arabic linguistic culture were analyzed on the example of Jean Sasson's English-language novel "Princess". The results of this study can be used as part of training courses in such disciplines as intercultural communication, sociolinguistics, linguoculturology, and a practical course in English. The study may be of interest to specialists in the field of translation studies, cultural studies, sociology, and psychology.

PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING WHILE DEALING WITH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THEIR ACCURATE COMPREHENSION AT ENGLISH LESSONS

The modern system of foreign language teaching is characterized by the fact that practical knowledge of a foreign language has become a necessity for every educated person to meet requirements of the society. A foreign language has a beneficial effect on the general level of people's culture and promotes communication. In the conditions of learning a foreign language, the need to include elements of the linguistic culture of a foreign nation in the content of education is increasing. Within the framework of this approach, it is necessary to saturate the subject content of the learners’ speech with country-specific materials oriented to the dialogue of cultures. A number of studies on this problem have served as an incentive to determine the obligatory introduction of phraseological units for the formation of linguistic competence of learners at foreign language lessons. Thus, it is widely recognized that phraseological units are helpful and beneficial to the learner of English as a foreign language. The study focuses on the peculiarities of teaching phraseological units at English lessons. The present research investigates the main features of modern theoretical heritage of phraseology and analyzes the possibilities of their use for the improvement of the effectiveness of teaching phraseological units at English lessons. We design exercises for teachers and learners regarding the peculiarities of teaching and studying English phraseological units at English lessons.
 In our article we explore special aspects of phraseology studying at Ukrainian and English lessons, we analyze basic methods of phraseology studying, we consider comprehension of similarities and differences in the scope of meanings of the studied phraseological units with those existing in the native language. Defining a phraseological unit in the text and the ability to find the proper equivalent to it during the translation process is the most important stage for the teacher and students. The results of our research have shown that through learning and practicing phraseological units, students gain a new experience in solving communicative situations. Students admit the importance of studying phraseological units at English lessons in developing their communicative skills. It should be emphasized that learning phraseological units in a particular context enhances student’s motivation for learning English and makes it easier to remember such a kind of language units.

Reality Framing in Russian, English, and Chinese Phraseological Units with Flowers

Floriography is part of many cultures and provides an effective characterization means for a particular linguistic culture. The frame analysis method is a popular tool in phraseology, but it has never been applied to phraseological units with the flowers component. The study examined phraseological units with the flowers component in Russian, English, and Chinese in order to define their role in the corresponding linguistic worldviews. The frame organization analysis made it possible to identify the way these languages categorize reality. Phraseological units with flowers are more typical of Chinese and English; they are less typical of the Russian linguistic culture as a result of the harsh climatic conditions and the farming traditions. In this research, the frame analysis hinted at similar cognitive processes in all the three linguistic cultures, which was manifested as common subframes at all levels. The main subframes included characteristics of the subject, action aimed at the subject, qualitative assessment of reality, and evaluative characteristics of the action. In addition, flower names described different human qualities, characterized an ongoing event, and evaluated actions performed by the subject. Differences were registered at the slot level as a partially overlapping list of qualities, assessments, characteristics, and actions, which reflected the specifics of each national worldview. The results can facilitate intercultural communication for Russian, English, and Chinese speakers.