Line Planning Research Articles

Geodesic accuracy of railway networks Ukraine in connection with accession to the eu

The operation of international transport corridors is primarily assessed in terms of direct economic efficiency. Profit associated with the transit of transport operations and cargo. However, projects for the creation and development of international transport corridors always entail socio-economic changes. Including: the development of industrial and social infrastructure, the transformation of industrial and economic relations, environmental change, etc. This article discusses the existing problems and the ways of Ukraine’s transition to standards (survey, design, construction, operation, modernization stages) and rules operating the railways of the European Union. Taking into account the actual technical condition of the infrastructure of the Ukrainian railway. The parameters limiting the speed of the existing sections of the railway are considered. These include - the radius of the curve, the length of the transition curve, displacement, increase in the external rail, insufficient increase; type of the upper part of the route and its wear; directed translations; artificial constructions; passenger platforms; communication and blocking systems; energy saving systems; rolling stock; train speed and more. Line plan analysis on curves and straight sections of international transport corridors. Calculations using the method of registration of measurement accuracy in high-speed movement confirmed the urgent need to account for the volume of labor costs. The cost of restructuring curves and energy savings to establish rational parameters of the plan in accordance with the specified maximum speed levels.

Planning Bus Transit Unit in Sprawling Townships; Khurdha Road Junction, Odisha; India

The customized buses (CBs) is a novel approach of community transportations at present and have become popular mode of expanded municipal conveyance, modernized, gorgeous and traffic services. The CB is planned by combining long term demand and passenger’s comforts and necessities. Based on analysis of the passengers travel data from inland and abroad at a focused point, the development of the CB is to be planned and proposed in a small town like Khurdha Road Junction (Jatni) in Odisha.. Present study points out the glitches linked with the operation and maintenance, expansion of CBs depending upon increase in numbers of travelers and other factors like stop assortment, line plan, schedules, and the impact of the proposed new public bus transit system. Traffic excellence factors, like average speed, delays, traffic jamming, travel time, and cost were considered while planning for the new transit bus terminal. The small towns around the smart city Bhubaneswar is gazing at a grave commuting conundrum. The planning and construction of the bus transit at Khurdha Road junction (Jatni) is developed to cope with the sprawling township and save the roads from severe traffic jam. Economic analysis with environmental Impact assessment of the project is done.

Shanghai Metro Constructs an “Intelligent Metro”

The World Artificial Intelligence (AI) Conference 2020 opened in Shanghai on July 9, 2020. The AI application scenarios presented by Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co., Ltd. (Shentong Metro Group) have attracted a lot of attention of visitors. On July 9, 2020, the total passenger flow of Shanghai Metro exceeded 10 million, reaching 10.048 million, and Shanghai will enter the normal state of “ten million passenger flow” every day. At present, the operating mileage of Shanghai Metro reaches 705km, ranking first in the world. According to the new line planning and construction trend, the Shanghai Metro network will continue to expand, and there will be even more passenger flows in the future.

Speed Grade Evaluation of Public-Transportation Lines Based on an Improved T-S Fuzzy Neural Network

This paper proposes an evaluation method based on a T-S fuzzy neural network for evaluating the speed grade of public-transport lines in the context of large-scale rail-transit planning and construction in Hangzhou. The six-dimensional data of morning peak/evening peak average speed, average speed at peak, average station distance, proportion of dedicated lanes, and nonlinear coefficients were selected as input data for the neural network to output the operating speed grade of bus lines. Improving and optimizing the membership function of the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) model improves its predicted result accuracy compared to a traditional T-S model. The line data of 28 typical trunk lines or expressways in Hangzhou were used as an example; the results demonstrate that the speed grade evaluation method based on an improved T-S fuzzy neural network can effectively and quickly evaluate the speed grade of Hangzhou public-transportation lines. This paper presents a novel analysis and method for large-scale rail-transit planning and evaluation of urban public-transport lines. The aim is to provide practical instruction for the subsequent optimization of public-transportation lines in Hangzhou.

How to Optimize Train Stops under Diverse Passenger Demand: a New Line Planning Method for Large-Scale High-Speed Rail Networks

Optimizing stop plans of train lines greatly contributes to improving the quality of rail passenger service. Traditionally, stop plans are pre-specified according to the classification of stations in the line planning process. However, with the expansion of railway networks and the great changes of travel demand among different origin–destination pairs (ODs), it becomes more difficult to generate stops using this simple method. To meet the new challenges of line planning in railway management, a linear integer programming model based on a new definition of lines is presented in this paper. In the proposed model, proper lines with reasonable train ODs and frequencies can be selected from a series of potential lines in the given line pool. The stops of selected lines can be chosen from candidate stop sets that are generated based on both station classification and types of trains. More practical considerations of stop planning are integrally considered, i.e., the balance of the stop distribution and restrictions on the stop numbers. In experiments involving small-scale cases, the stop numbers decrease under different types of demand scenarios when using the proposed method compared to the traditional methods. We also conduct a series of sensitivity analyses using large-scale random cases to reveal the impact of different stopping rules on the quality of passenger services. Finally, two real-world case studies based on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail network are utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.

A bi-objective decision model and method for the integrated optimization of bus line planning and lane reservation

The increasingly serious traffic congestion makes the bus system more and more inefficient. It is recognized all over the world that designing an attractive bus transit network is primordial to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce pollution, but it is a big challenge from an economic and technical point of view. In the literature, dedicated bus lanes are generally set up to improve the efficiency of bus transit network without considering bus line planning. This study investigates a new bi-objective bus line planning and lane reservation integrated optimization problem that is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. The objective is to minimize the total travel time of passengers and the lane reservation negative impact, simultaneously. For the problem, a bi-objective integer linear programming model is first formulated and the problem complexity is proved to be NP-hard. Then, problem properties are explored to reduce search space for optimal solutions, and an iterative and fuzzy method based on $$\varepsilon $$ -constraint is proposed to yield the Pareto frontier and suggest a preferred solution for decision-makers. Experimental results on a case study and randomly generated instances demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and method.

Usefulness of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis and Management of Tendon Injuries in Hand

Purpose: Tendon injuries in hand were one of the most frequent injuries caused by trauma. Although consequent tenorrhaphy is frequently conducted, in complete tendon rupture the location of retracted tendon stumps cannot be identified clearly, which causes difficulties in surgical management. Ultrasonography is known to be a fast, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for tendon injury; therefore, the authors studied the usefulness of preoperative ultrasonography in diagnosis and management of tendon injuries in hand.Methods: Among the 34 patients who had hand tendon injuries and visited between January 2017 and March 2018, retrospective studies were conducted on six patients with unidentified tendon stumps. By identifying the location of the tendon injuries and ruptured tendon stumps through preoperative ultrasonography, the operation was conducted under a predetermined surgical plan. The authors compared the ultrasonography results and the surgical findings.Results: For diagnosis of the unidentified tendon injuries and location of ruptured tendon stumps, the ultrasonography results and the surgical findings were matched for all six patients. By prior planning of the operation incision line using the preoperative ultrasonography results, the length of the incision site was minimized without additional incision, and the operation time was shortened.Conclusion: For hand tendon injuries with unidentified tendon stumps, identifying the location of tendon stumps through preoperative ultrasonography is helpful for determining the incision range for the operation. Therefore, preoperative ultrasonography may be useful in the diagnosis and management of tendon injuries in hand.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Free-surface Flow and Total Resistance of the DTMB Surface Combatant

Starting with the initial design stage, the ship resistance constitutes one of the most important hydrodynamic aspects. In order to generate and optimize the body lines plan, the ship resistance performance must be considered. In this case, both numerical and experimental methods must be applied to obtain the minimum ship resistance controlled by the speed domain. In the last years, numerical studies based on the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) were implemented in the initial ship design stage in order to analyse the free-surface flow and to predict the ship resistance. The numerical optimization process of the hull forms must be validated by means of the experimental model tests in the specific towing tanks. The constant evolution of the numerical and experimental methodologies can be noted. As a consequence, the accuracy level of the ship resistance prediction is increased; though, difficult numerical problems can occur in case of the unconventional hull forms. Taking into account this aspect, a complex numerical and experimental investigation of the ship resistance problem and free-surface topology was performed in the case of the DTMB surface combatant. A parallel numerical simulation was carried out by using the viscous flow solver ISIS–CFD of the software FINETM/Marine provided by NUMECA. The solver is based on the finite volume method to build the spatial discretization of the transport equation to resolve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equation. Closure to turbulence is achieved by making use of the k-ω SST model, while the free-surface is captured through an air-water interface based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. For the validation purpose, the tank conditions are reintroduced in the numerical model to account for any banking effect, especially for the high speed cases. Experimental model tests were performed in accordance with the ITTC standard procedures, while the extrapolation process to the full-scale was obtained by using an in-house code, based on the ITTC 57 method. The experimental results are compared through with some internationally recognized towing tank experiments that have been performed for a similar ship model, showing a good agreement. Also, the numerical results are validated against the experimental data and showed to be within a satisfactory congruence.

Multi-period line planning with resource transfers

Urban transportation systems are subject to a high level of variation and fluctuation in demand over the day. When this variation and fluctuation are observed in both time and space, it is crucial to develop line plans that are responsive to demand. A multi-period line planning approach that considers a changing demand during the planning horizon is proposed. If such systems are also subject to limitations of resources, a dynamic transfer of resources from one line to another throughout the planning horizon should also be considered. A mathematical modelling framework is developed to solve the line planning problem with a cost-oriented approach considering transfer of resources during a finite length planning horizon of multiple periods. We use real-life public transportation network data for our computational results. We analyze whether or not multi-period solutions outperform single period solutions in terms of feasibility and relevant costs. The importance of demand variation on multi-period solutions is investigated. We evaluate the impact of resource transfer constraints on the effectiveness of solutions. We also study the effect of period lengths along with the problem parameters that are significant for and sensitive to the optimality of solutions.

Optimizing train frequencies and train routing with simultaneous passenger assignment in high-speed railway network

In a high speed railway line plan (LP), train frequencies, train routing and passenger assignment problems are usually solved sequentially, which may lower the quality of the line plan. To bridge the gap, a bi-level multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model for simultaneously obtaining the optimal plan of passenger assignment and train routing is developed in this paper. The upper level model is an integer programming (IP) model with an objective of minimizing both the total train travel time and the average capacity utilization rate, while the lower level one is a model with an objective of minimizing the total travel time of passengers and maximizing the average train attendance rate for all sections. In order to obtain the solution in relatively short time, a particle swarm approach is adopted to solve the model in a large scale railway network. As a case study, the model is applied to a high speed railway network in China. The results show that the total travel time of passengers and trains obtained from the simultaneous optimization model can be reduced by 0.9% in comparison with the two problems solved sequentially, which indicates that the model and the solution algorithms could be useful in practice.

Mobile phone GPS data in urban customized bus: Dynamic line design and emission reduction potentials analysis

Customized Bus is a new mode of Internet-supported public transportation. It is regarded as one of the major strategies to reduce the usage of private cars and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from road traffic. For a customized bus system, a dynamic bus line planning system based on the demand can largely improve the performance and promote the public acceptance of customized bus service. This paper introduces a method to generate planning suggestions for bus lines and stops based on massive demand data. A link network is generated from the input to represent the sharing route of the demand. With community detection, the link network is segmented into communities with similar travel routes. By examining the core-peripheral structure and matching the core part of communities with the road network, the customized bus lines are generated. Boarding and alighting hotspots are identified as the suggestion for customized bus stops. The methodology is tested by using mobile phone data in Tokyo. With the input of one-day sample, the algorithm can generate the result in approximately 1 min and extract 29 bus lines. According to the shape and spatial location of the bus lines, three types of bus lines serving different travel patterns are classified: radiation type lines, ring-type lines, and suburban lines. Analyzing the emission reduction potential of the extracted bus lines manifestes that bus line planning of the proposed method has the potential to relieve emission pressure on urban expressways and to reduce approximately 13% of road traffic emission.

A Matheuristic Iterative Approach for Profit-Oriented Line Planning Applied to the Chinese High-Speed Railway Network

In this paper, a matheuristic iterative approach (MHIA) is proposed to solve the line planning problem, also called network design problem, and frequency setting on the Chinese high-speed railway network. Our optimization model integrates the cost-oriented and passenger-oriented objectives into a profit-oriented objective. Therefore, the passenger travel time is incorporated in the ticket price using a travel time value. As a result, transfers and detours will result in lower ticket prices and thus lower revenues for the operator. When evaluating the performance of a given line plan, the way in which passengers will travel through the network needs to be modelled. This passenger assignment is typically a time-consuming calculation. The proposed line planning approach iteratively improves the line plan using easy-to-determine indicators. During the process, a mixed integer linear programming model addresses the passenger assignment and optimizes the frequency setting in order to maximise the operational profit. Extensive computational experiments are executed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to deal with the real-world railway network line planning problem. Through extensive computational experiments on the small example network and real-world-based instances, the results show that the proposed model can improve the profits by 22.4% on average comparing to their initial solutions. When comparing to an alternative iterative approach, our proposed method has advantage of obtaining high quality of solutions by improving the profit 10.8% on average. For small, medium, and large size networks, the obtained results are close to the optimal solutions, when available.

Online Distribution and Load Balancing Optimization Using the Robin Hood and Johnson Hybrid Algorithm

Proper planning of assembly lines is one of the production managers’ concerns at the tactical level so that it would be possible to use the machine capacity, reduce operating costs and deliver customer orders on time. The lack of an efficient method in balancing assembly line can create threatening problems for manufacturing organizations. The use of assembly line balancing methods cannot balance load distribution on the assembly line which can cause higher depreciation of machinery heir related problems in the assembly line. In the present paper Robin Hood and Johnson algorithm combined approach is used for the problem of load distribution and optimized online load balance, based on the optimized order of works on the assembly line for polymer cover print in Iran Plot Company the results of which are analyzed in terms of creating load balance in the assembly line. The results that we have obtained in the present study include the uniform load distribution of orders to the machines and the presence of reservations and backup machine that causes the production process to continue with a proper sequence and the priority without any interruption.

The stochastic maintenance location routing allocation problem for rolling stock

We study a problem where – given a railway network and different fleets – we have to locate maintenance locations and allocate the fleets to these locations. The allocation of fleets to the maintenance locations complicates the maintenance location routing problem. For each candidate location different facility sizes can be chosen and for each size there is an associated annual facility cost that captures the economies of scale in facility size. Because of the strategic nature of facility location, these facilities should be able to handle changes such as adjustments to the line plan and the introduction of new rolling stock types. We capture these changes by discrete scenarios and we formulate this two-stage stochastic problem as a mixed integer problem. Furthermore, we perform a case study with the Netherlands Railways that provides novel managerial insights by showing that the number of opened maintenance facilities highly depends on the allocation restrictions.

Application of Power Load Forecasting in Urban Distribution Network Planning Based on 3D Real Scene Platform

The 3D real-view platform technology builds a power load forecasting platform in urban distribution network planning. The completion of this system can provide integrated support for power load forecasting in power distribution line planning, and further provide a three-dimensional foundation platform for power load forecasting analysis and calculation software in power distribution planning. Urban distribution network planning is an important task for power supply companies. The quality of its construction directly affects the development of urban economy and the improvement of people’s quality of life. This paper combines the years of work experience to introduce the importance of power distribution network planning, which optimizes the structure of the power distribution network, which can ensure the safe operation of the power grid, reduce power loss, improve power supply reliability, and accurately predict power loads. To meet the needs of urban power load development.

Method to enhance traffic capacity for multilayer networks

The network structure acquires great influence on the traffic capacity for complex network. Since the nodes with high degree usually bear large load in the process of packet transmission, we propose a new multilayer network model which can balance the load of low-speed and high-speed layers. The simulation results show that compared with the randomly select nodes multilayer network model, the new network model makes the multilayer network load more balanced, thereby enhancing traffic capacity of the network and reducing the possibility of congestion. This network model gives full play to the transmission advantages of the high-speed layer of the multilayer network, and can reduce the consumption of resources while achieving the same transmission effect, which is of guiding significance for the planning of network lines.

Contextual Bandit-Based Sequential Transit Route Design under Demand Uncertainty

While public transit network design has a wide literature, the study of line planning and route generation under uncertainty is not so well covered. Such uncertainty is present in planning for emerging transit technologies or operating models in which demand data is largely unavailable to make predictions on. In such circumstances, this paper proposes a sequential route generation process in which an operator periodically expands the route set and receives ridership feedback. Using this sensor loop, a reinforcement learning-based route generation methodology is proposed to support line planning for emerging technologies. The method makes use of contextual bandit problems to explore different routes to invest in while optimizing the operating cost or demand served. Two experiments are conducted. They (1) prove that the algorithm is better than random choice; and (2) show good performance with a gap of 3.7% relative to a heuristic solution to an oracle policy.

Design and implementation of an open source transmission line impedance matching educational framework

AbstractDetermining input impedance, assigning reflection coefficient, and matching load impedance are important transmission line problems those involve complex calculation steps because of complex connection architectures in transmission lines. Efficient understanding of such problems in undergraduate and graduate courses should be supported by rich visualization tools. The Smith chart is a convenient tool for transmission line calculations especially for wave propagation and maximum power theory that discusses impedance matching problems. In this context, we can say that Java is a widely used open source educational tool having strong computational environment for research and development aims. In this study, an open source transmission line impedance matching educational framework (TLIME) has been designed to teach efficiently wave propagation and maximum power theory that discusses the impedance matching problems. The success of developed educational framework has been measured by a questionnaire held in courses in the third and fourth years of the electrical and electronics engineering undergraduate program at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey. The visual preparation of the problem solutions with rich graphical user interface and simulations of the mathematical representations has been evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the wave propagation and impedance matching transmission line subjects. The functionality and simplicity of the developed framework scored by over 82% among course enrolled students. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains transmission line impedance matching problem in the context of maximum power theory. Section 3 discusses transmission line planning and problem solving with Smith chart. Section 4 discusses explanation and usage of developed TLIME framework and last section discusses results.

A Sewing Line Planning Model Based on RFID Technology

Sewing line is one of assembly lines in manufacturing systems in which a product is assembled progressively in workstations by different workers or machines, each executing a subset of the needed assembly tasks. Usually sewing line planning is based on experts’ evaluation of each procedure subjectively, leading to unnecessarily waiting time. To address this issue, in this article we propose a new model named adjustable sewing line planning (ASLP) model, in which both experts’ evaluated data and real-time data are leveraged to improve the line balance timely, along with a RFID based framework and a quadratic-selection genetic algorithm which are designed for line balance optimization. By conducting experiment on one of the largest garment manufacturing companies the model, it can be found from the results that the proposed model is efficient and promising.

Investigation of Factors Affecting Induced Voltages on Underground Pipelines Due to Inductive Coupling With Nearby Transmission Lines

The induced voltage on underground pipelines is a critical parameter to consider for equipment and personnel safety in the field. However, in the real life, such induced voltage estimation on pipelines is difficult especially at the transmission line planning and routing stage. In this article, several factors affecting the induced voltage on underground pipelines due to inductive coupling with nearby transmission lines are investigated. These factors include the angle and separation distance between transmission lines and pipelines, the length of transmission lines and pipelines, and the soil model. A peak induced voltage calculation formula as the function of the angle and separation distance is derived through surface fitting of simulation data. It is proved in the article that other factors, such as the length of the transmission line and the soil model types, do not have significant influence on the peak induced voltage values on underground pipelines.