City Of Lima Research Articles

Estimation of Deep Soil Profiles in Lima Peru

Deep shear-wave velocity profiles at eight places in Lima Peru were estimated based on the inversion of dispersion curves. The dispersion curves were calculated from small and large microtremor arrays using two methods: the F-k proposed by Capon (1969) and the CCA proposed by Cho et al. (2004). For the purpose of large array measurement we introduced a new type of sensor. Important results are the relative shallow depths to the basement rock in the area classified as alluvial gravel that covers most of the area of Lima city; and the relative large depth to the bedrock in places identified as VSV and CMA. It is recommended that this study be complemented with PS loggings in order to verify the estimated profiles.

Classificação de pilhas de estéril na mineração de ferro

O artigo apresenta uma proposta canadense de classificação de pilhas de estéril do ponto de vista da sua estabilidade física. O método baseia-se na avaliação ponderada e semiquantitativa de fatores-chave que podem afetar a estabilidade. Seu resultado permite atribuir uma determinada classe à pilha de acordo com o potencial de instabilidade. Essas classes definem um nível de esforço recomendado para investigação, projeto, construção e monitoramento da pilha. Para a verificação da eficácia do sistema de classificação, foi realizado um estudo de caso diante da realidade da mineração de ferro, na cidade de Nova Lima, Minas Gerais. A execução desse trabalho envolveu uma pesquisa documental e um posterior trabalho de campo, a fim de se aplicar, as informações coletadas sobre as pilhas no sistema de classificação. O trabalho mostra, também, inovações introduzidas pelos autores sobre o uso do sistema de classificação como meio de atestar a qualidade do manejo das pilhas e de identificar condicionantes de um projeto. O sistema de classificação mostrou que se trata de uma ferramenta muito útil, tanto no planejamento, como também na avaliação de todas as fases da vida de uma pilha.

Co-seismic luminescence in Lima, 150 km from the epicenter of the Pisco, Peru earthquake of 15 August 2007

Abstract. The first photographs of Co-seismic Luminescence, commonly known as Earthquake lights (EQLs), were reported in 1968 in Japan. However, there have been documented reports of luminescence associated with earthquakes since ancient times in different parts of the world. Besides this, there is modern scientific work dealing with evidence of and models for the production of such lights. During the Peru 15 August 2007 Mw=8.0 earthquake which occurred at 06:40 p.m. LT, hence dark in the southern wintertime, several EQLs were observed along the Peruvian coast and extensively reported in the capital city of Lima, about 150 km northwest of the epicenter. These lights were video-recorded by a security camera installed at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (PUCP) campus and time-correlated with seismic ground accelerations registered at the seismological station on campus, analyzed and related to highly qualified eyewitness observations of the phenomena from other parts of the city and to other video recordings. We believe the evidence presented here contributes significantly to sustain the hypothesis that electromagnetic phenomena related to seismic activity can occur, at least during an earthquake. It is highly probable that continued research in luminescence and the use of magnetometers in studying electromagnetic activity and radon gas emanation detectors will contribute even more towards determining their occurrence during and probably prior to seismic activity.

New Viceroyalty, New Nation, New Empire: A Transnational Imaginary for Peruvian Independence

Abstract The independence process in Spanish America was accompanied by new imaginaries concerning the new political entities that would emerge from the breakdown of the old colonial jurisdictions. This essay explores an imaginary for Peruvian independence, Bolivarian in scope, which lay at the center of the Revolution of 1814–15 in the southern Andes. This “revolution of the patria” started in Cuzco in 1814 but soon captured Arequipa, Huamanga, and much of Charcas, until its military defeat by royalist forces in 1815. It not only proposed full independence from viceregal control but also aimed at completely severing American ties to the Spanish monarchy. Francisco Carrascón, a peninsular prebendary resident in Cuzco who became the movement’s leading ideologue, had in 1801 unsuccessfully proposed the creation of a new viceroyalty to the Council of the Indies. In 1814, however, he advocated the creation of a new and independent Peruvian empire stretching from Lima to the River Plate, from “Sun to Sun.” The cities of Buenos Aires, Lima, Montevideo, and Cuzco were equally to be the principal imperial cities, but Cuzco, because of its antiquity and central location, would be the seat of government or “national peak.” While there is a significant historiography on the Revolution of 1814–15, it has been largely overlooked in several key Latin American independence syntheses. This essay therefore also seeks to restore the movement to the center of wider historiographic debates on Latin American independence.

Circulación de un linaje diferente del virus dengue 2 genotipo América / Asia en la región amazónica de Perú, 2010

Our objective was to determine the genotype of the dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) that circulated in the Amazon region of Peru between November 2010 and January 2011. We analyzed eight samples collected during dengue surveillance activities in the cities of Iquitos, Yurimaguas, Trujillo, Tarapoto and Lima between November 2010 and January 2011 that were sent to Insitituto Nacional de Salud. The viruses were isolated in C6/36 HT cell line. Viral RNA was extracted and the serotype (RT - PCR multiplex) and genotype (RT-Nested PCR of the region E/NS1) were determined. Finally, the E/ NS1 amplicons were sequenced and analyzed by phylogeny. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the introduction of a different lineage which entered in Peru by the end of 2010. These isolates found in Iquitos and other cities in Peru are closely related to DENV-2 isolates that circulated in Brazil during 2007 and 2008, associated with severe dengue cases and deaths. In conclusion, we detected the introduction of a different lineage of DENV-2 America / Asia genotype in Peru that could be associated with the presence of more severe cases.

Tuberculosis latente en pacientes VIH positivos en la ciudad de Lima, Perú

The aim of this study was to detect patients with latent TB in high-risk HIV positives (HIV +) in the city of Lima, Peru in order to provide this population with appropriate treatment to avoid complications from HIV-Tuberculosis in these patients. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is important in HIV patients. 392 HIV + patients were sampled to detect active and latent TB with the MODS culture methods and Quantiferon - Gold, respectively. 4% of patients had active TB and 17% latent TB, a statistically significant difference (P=0.003). The results show a high incidence of infected patients with a high probability of developing active TB and entering an AIDS phase, because these patients are not diagnosed promptly to an infection by M. tuberculosis. The results help to provide quick action to provide adequate treatment to patients with detected tuberculosis, especially with active tuberculosis. With timely treatment the potential risk of an epidemic with antibiotic-resistant strains can be avoided, as registered in previous studies.

Composição florística do componente arbóreo e afinidade fitogeográfica de uma floresta semidecídua em Nova Lima, MG

The Nova Lima city (metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) is located in an ecotone between Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) and Atlantic Forest, wich are two of the world's biodiversity hotspots. A floristic survey was carried out in a semideciduous forest (20°00' S and 43°55' W) in order to establish its relations with other forests (rain forest and semideciduous) from both hotspots, as well as to assess their phytogeographical insertion. The region is under high pressure due to urban expansion. The floristic survey of the semideciduous forest was based on specimens of woody plants collected both in and outside of 44 plots of 20 × 5 meters. The studied forest was compared with other 72 forests of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Goias States and the Federal District using multivariate analyses. At semideciduous forest 205 species of 49 botanical families were found. The record of species with restricted distribution to Atlantic Forest was 15 times greater than in the Cerrado. The tree flora of the semideciduous forest studied is a subset of that of rainforests, with species that are more efficient in coping with a longer dry season. Thus, the forest may be considered an Atlantic Forest.

Experiencias para la capacitación de recursos humanos en salud para la atención integral de víctimas de violencia en una zona urbano marginal de Lima, Perú

In the year 2003, in the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, the Permanent Program of Training for the Integral Attention of the Victims of Violence was created, has been training human resources for the comprehensive health care to victims of violence. In this sense, we was considered necessary to develop a methodology for health professionals, identifying their training needs and the conditions under how they work. It is in this context, that the year 2004, a base line study was delineated in the Microrred de Salud Huaycán, in the east of Lima city; that included diverse stages with a multisectorial approach with the aim to identify the training needs of the health professionals, as well as the evaluation of the logistic and administrative support for the development of training activities to diverse levels. In this paper, the procedures and principal results are exposed, in a succinct way. There was demonstrated that the population of Huaycán were affected by the sequels of the political violence; nevertheless, the health services have severe limited resources to give appropriate health care to victims of violence. The health professionals require an intensive training on this issue. An adequate logistic and administrative conditions allowed to carry out an appropriate training program. We suggest that this methodology will facilitate to construct products and instruments for a suitable and specific training for the integral health care to the victims of the violence.

Appreciation of Historical Events and Characters: Their Relationship with National Identity and Collective Self-Esteem in a Sample of Public School Teachers from the City of Lima

This study analyzes the relation between national identity and the appreciation of the characters and events of Peruvian history in a sample of public school teachers from the city of Lima (N = 99). Adapted versions of the NATID Scale (Keillor et al., 1996) and the CSES Scale (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) are used as measures of national identity. National pride and interest in knowing about Peruvian history are variables also included in this study. The study shows that appreciation of historical characters is more positive than appreciation of historical events. There is a positive association between national identity and appreciation of Peruvian historical characters. A multiple linear regression model is proposed; this model shows that appreciation of cultural heritage and national pride has a positive impact on the appreciation of characters of Peruvian history.

Structural Analysis of the Bell Tower of the Basilica De La Merced of Lima

The Bell Tower of the Basilica de la Merced de Lima is a monument with its own personality in itself, was built by master masonry Alonso de Morales as contract signed May 12, 1589 whose original is in the General File Nation of Peru. Until now has been repaired several times due to damage to large earthquakes that destroyed the city of Lima in more than one occasion. The Bell Tower of the Basilica de la Merced de Lima is the construction of unreinforced brick masonry higher and that has continued for over four centuries in the same location and is without doubt one of the famous monuments of the city of Lima. For structural analysis, the monument was modeled and analyzed by finite element method, models were developed to adjust and show impressive results and consistent with the records of damage were made in the year 2005 date when the monument was established structurally. An important historical record supports the technical scope of the investigation. Interesting comments on its formidable seismic capacity, and their significant contributions in knowledge of construction techniques of the builders of the sixteenth century in Lima, reveal a building that surprises with its apparent simplicity but it saves a lot of knowledge about engineering techniques applied to the great monuments that have survived from the years in which Lima was the largest metropolis in South America.

Effect of a local ban of a restriction in the number of hours to expend liquors in relation with violence during 2005–2008 in one District of Lima, Per

BackgroundThe most violent area in Lima City was La Victoria,to control it, the local government restrict the hours of expenditure of alcoholic beverage.ObjectiveTo compare one district with the law, against...

A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Peruvian Deaf Community

A sociolinguistic survey of the sign language used by the deaf communities of Peru was conducted in November and December of 2007. For eight weeks, our survey team visited six deaf communities in the cities of Lima, Arequipa, Cusco, Trujillo, Chiclayo, and Iquitos. Using sociolinguistic questionnaires and recorded text testing (RTT) tools, we explored the general social situation of these communities, as well as sociolinguistic topics such as ethnolinguistic identity, language vitality and stability, and the attitudes of deaf people toward their local sign variety. We also probed sign language standardization and variation in Peru. During background research, we had heard reports that Peruvian Sign Language (LSP) was similar to American Sign Language (ASL), but the responses of the questionnaire participants and comprehension testing of an ASL text in various deaf communities in Peru indicate that ASL is quite different from LSP.

Clinical research training of Peruvian neurologists: a baseline assessment

In Peru, despite a strong clinical research infrastructure in Lima, and Masters degree programs in epidemiology at three universities, few neurologists participate in clinical research. It was our objective to identify perceived needs and opportunities for increasing clinical research capacity and training opportunities for Peruvian neurologists. We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional survey of Peruvian neurologists in Lima and Arequipa, Peru. Forty-eight neurologists completed written surveys and oral interviews. All neurologists reported interest in clinical research, but noted that lack of time and financial resources limited their ability to participate. Although most neurologists had received some training in epidemiology and research design as medical students or residents, the majority felt these topics were not adequately covered. Neurologists in Arequipa noted international funding for clinical research was uncommon outside the capital city of Lima. We concluded that clinical research is important to Peruvian neurologists. The three main barriers to increased participation in clinical research identified by neurologists were insufficient training in clinical research methodology, meager funding opportunities, and lack of dedicated time to participate in clinical research. Distance learning holds promise as a method for providing additional training in clinical research methodology, especially for neurologists who may have difficulty traveling to larger cities for additional training.

Dengue fever outbreak in Lima, Peru 2009: Epidemiological changes in urban areas

Background: Dengue fever is endemic in Peru. The epidemic potential for dengue transmission north of Lima city has spread alarmingly in the last four years. A dengue outbreak occurs during March to June 2009 in three districts of Lima. The 2005 and 2007 outbreaks of dengue fever occurred in these districts only one circulating serotype in each outbreak. Epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the distribution of cases, serotype circulation, symptoms and signs of dengue fever in order to identify transmission and epidemic control measures. Methods: Analysis of cases of the outbreak investigation conducted by the network of epidemiology at the Department of Health V Lima City. The information was collected and processed through software NotiSp. Suspected case was considered a person with a history of fever for 2 to 7 days and two or more of the following symptoms: headache, retroocular, myalgia, arthralgia, rash and hemorrhagic manifestations residing in the districts of Carabayllo, Comas and Independence. The cases were registered in epidemiological records, blood samples were taken to determine seroconversion and identification of circulating serotypes. Results: Of 552 cases suspects, 148 (26.8%) were positive for IgM antibody detection of specific dengue indicating primary infection and 99 cases were obtained by PCR serotypes: DEN-3 (74%), DEN-1 (24%) and DEN-4 (2%). Most cases (45%) were adults between 20 and 59 years of age. The median age was 34 years. Women were more affected than men (56% and 44% respectively). The most frequent symptoms were fever (95%), headache (90%), body ache (86%), bone pain (75%) and pain retroocular (70%). The outbreak investigation revealed a cluster of four clusters that could be because they have areas favourable for breeding of the vector, such as presence of disposable plastic containers, clearing rocks, water shortages and the migration of people to Lima from dengue endemic areas. Conclusion: The outbreak investigation confirmed the presence of dengue as an emerging public health problem in Lima, identifying the co-circulation of three serotypes, demonstrating dengue epidemiological changes, so it is important to strengthen surveillance actions epidemiological and vector control in these areas during the coming years. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive

City of Lima, Ohio Utilities Department The Road Less Traveled: Establishing Performance-based Pay for the Entire Utility

City of Lima, Ohio Utilities Department The Road Less Traveled: Establishing Performance-based Pay for the Entire UtilityIn 2002, the City of Lima Utilities Department (Utilities Department) initiated a leadership development effort as part of their Competitive Reovganization Plan (Comp Plan). Significantly, the plan included middle-management training, less attended facilities through process control enhancements and mechanical improvements, merging distribution and collection system field operations, moving to a...Author(s)Gary SheelyJennifer MyersDave HillSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 4: Workforce StrategiesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2010ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20100101)2010:1L.94;1-DOI10.2175/193864710798285840Volume / Issue2010 / 1Content sourceUtility Management ConferenceFirst / last page(s)94 - 102Copyright2010Word count199Subject keywordsReorganization, skill-based payperformance-based payperformance managementstrategic organizationCompetitive Business PlanCompetitive Reorganization Plan

Cobertura de seguros de salud en relación con el uso de servicios médicos, condiciones de vida y percepción de la salud en Lima, Perú

Objectives. Correlate affiliation to health insurance with the use of medical services, living conditions and perceived health of residents in 12 districts of Lima. Material and methods. Descriptive cross-population study, conducted between January and March 2006 in 12 districts of Lima city, using a health survey of 72 questions. Results. 4355 interviews were obtained, 48% had no health insurance. Compared with people who had private health insurance, social security or healing, participants without insurance or coverage by public insurance had lower level of education and living (p<0.001). Participants without insurance or with public insurance when they perceive disease increased use pharmacies than doctor (p<0.001). The public system is the principal care system that provides care to 62.1% of the respondents, including people from other insurance systems. The perception of an optimal health condition was associated with having a private health system coverage (OR = 2.5; IC95% = 1.87-3.38); and age less than 35 years (OR=2.1; IC95%=1.70-2.58). Conclusions. Health insurance systems in Lima city cover different socio-economic stratums; people using private insurance systems have better living conditions, better access to health services and optimal perception of their health.

Molecular identification of Echinococcus isolates from Peru

Genetic variations in tapeworms causing cystic echinococcosis in Peru were investigated. Seventy one larval isolates collected from different intermediate hosts and geographic regions were identified by the DNA sequencing of genes for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1) and nuclear elongation factor 1 alpha ( ef1a). The G7 genotype ( E. canadensis pig strain) was found for the first time in pigs reared in the city of Lima. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (sheep strain or G1) was the most prevalent in human patients, sheep, and cattle and the G6 genotype ( E. canadensis camel strain) was found in goats and in one human patient. These findings may inform prevention strategies and control programs against echinococcosis in Peru.

Therapeutic community drug treatment success in Peru: a follow-up outcome study

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of drug abuse treatment in Peru that used the therapeutic community (TC) model. Program directors and several staff members from all study treatment facilities received two to eight weeks of in-country training on how to implement the TC treatment model prior to the follow-up study.MethodsThis outcome study involved 33 TC treatment facilities and 509 former clients in Lima and other cities in five providences across Peru. A retrospective pre-test (RPT) follow-up design was employed in which 30-day use of illegal drugs and alcohol to intoxication was measured at baseline retrospectively, at the same time of the six-month follow-up. In-person interview data were collected from directors of 73 percent of the eligible TC organizations in January and February 2003 and from former 58 percent of the eligible TC former clients between October 2003 and October 2004. Drug testing was conducted on a small sample of former clients to increase the accuracy of the self-reported drug use data.ResultsMedium to large positive treatment effects were found when comparing 30-day illegal drug and alcohol use to intoxication before and six months after receiving treatment. As a supplemental analysis, we assumed the 42 percent of the former clients who were not interviewed at the six month assessment had returned to drugs. These results showed medium treatment effects as well. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling (HGLM) results showed higher implementation fidelity, less stigma after leaving treatment, and older clients, singly or in combination are key predictors of treatment success.ConclusionThis study found that former clients of drug and alcohol treatment in facilities using the TC model reported substantial positive change in use of illegal drugs and alcohol to intoxication at a six-month follow-up. The unique contribution of this study is that the results also suggest attention should be placed on the importance of implementing the TC drug abuse treatment model with fidelity. Further, the results strongly suggest that TC drug abuse treatment programs should incorporate follow-up activities that attempt to neutralize community negative reactions (perceived stigma) independent of other factors.

Relación entre disposición hacia el pensamiento crítico y estilos de pensamiento en alumnos universitarios de Lima metropolitana

To study the relationships between attitude toward critical thinking and the thinking styles on college students of cities of Lima and Callao. It was used Stenberg’s Thinking Style Scale and it was made a Scale about to be Disposed toward Critical Thinking using Samejima’s model. The findings show validity and reliability related to Attitude Toward Critical Thinking Scale and the Thinking Styles Scale respectively. The students score presents a normal distribution shape. There are significative correlations concerning areas of the critical thinking and the thinking styles. There are statistical differences among kind of college, sex, and professional where each scale scores are analyzed.

Terremotos en el litoral central del Perú: ¿podría ser Lima el escenario de un futuro desastre?

In the pages of history are registered with the threats of the future. The seismic history of Peru shows that we live in an area of high seismic activity where the Lima city has been a protagonist on several occasions of destructive earthquakes and other natural phenomena associated such as tsunamis. In this report the reasons why an earthquake could affect the city of Lima in the future were exposed.