​This study examines the influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ learning achievement in an Electrical Lighting Installation subject at SMK Negeri 5 Makassar. The urgency of this research arises from the persistent gap between theoretical understanding and practical application in vocational education, where teacher-centered instruction often limits engagement and problem-solving skills. Using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, the 33 Grade XI students were divided into an experimental class (n=16) and a control class (n=17). Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and questionnaires and analyzed using a t-test with SPSS 26. The results showed that the average post-test score in the experimental group increased from 30.19 to 83.69, while that in the control group improved from 25.18 to 69.24, with a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05), indicating that PjBL had a significant positive effect on learning outcomes. Students also responded positively to PjBL implementation (average 86%), indicating increased motivation and collaboration. These findings confirm that PjBL effectively enhanced cognitive understanding and learning engagement in vocational education. However, this study was limited by its small sample size, short intervention period, and focus on cognitive aspects only. Future studies should adopt larger samples, extended durations, and mixed-method approaches to assess the long-term impacts on psychomotor and affective competencies.​

This research investigates the impact of urban furnishing elements in public spaces on children’s behavior within the urban environment. The study is grounded in the premise that the urban environment is not solely composed of built structures but also of the voids and open spaces that give the city vitality and social meaning. Public spaces, as integral components of the urban fabric, represent essential venues for social interaction and community engagement. Since the 1980s, urban theorists such as Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl, and Geoffrey West have emphasized the need to reconsider the design of public spaces to ensure harmony between spatial organization, social behavior, and the quality of urban life. Children are among the social groups most in need of such spaces and the most affected by their design. The quality, diversity, and arrangement of urban furnishing elements—both natural (vegetation, water features) and man-made (benches, shading devices, lighting, signage, and artistic installations)—play a decisive role in shaping children’s psychological, social, and perceptual development. Conversely, poorly designed or inadequately maintained public spaces can have negative behavioral, cultural, and health impacts on children, diminishing their sense of belonging and connection to their urban surroundings. In the Algerian context, despite the legislative efforts—particularly Article 124 of Municipal Law No. 10-11, which assigns municipalities the responsibility for creating and maintaining public and green spaces—many public areas remain poorly equipped and fail to address the needs of children. The study adopts a statistical methodology based on questionnaires distributed to parents accompanying their children in public spaces during weekends and school holidays. The questionnaire aims to assess parents’ perceptions of public spaces, evaluate the adequacy of urban furnishing elements, and identify their influence on children’s behavior and interaction patterns. The research ultimately seeks to highlight the importance of public spaces as essential extensions of private living environments and to propose design strategies that enhance children’s engagement, comfort, and social development in urban contexts.

Interactive installation art provides a distinctive context for examining collective emotion, yet most prior studies have relied on laboratory or longitudinal data that are impractical in public cultural settings. This study applied Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to self-reported well-being data from HappyHere, a participatory light installation at the National Galleries of Scotland. Despite the cross-sectional design, the HMM framework enabled inference of latent affective states and probabilistic differentiation patterns, stability, and convergence patterns. The results show four key findings. First, three qualitatively distinct latent states were identified: a low/negative cluster (M ≈ 1.5), a moderately positive cluster (M ≈ 3.5), and a ceiling-level, highly positive cluster (all M = 5.0), confirming clear differentiation (H1). Second, positive states proved the most stable, with the highest self-transition probability (0.875) and the longest dwell time (≈ 3.4 steps), supporting H2. Third, neutral states were comparatively unstable, showing the lowest self-transition probability (0.093) and a tendency to shift toward positivity, consistent with H3. Finally, the stationary distribution strongly favored positivity, with positive states Reaching 86.3%, neutral states 7.5%, and negative states 6.2%. Minor diurnal variation was observed, but effect sizes were negligible, confirming the enduring predominance of positivity (H4). The findings demonstrate that even cross-sectional cultural datasets can yield meaningful insights through probabilistic modelling. Positive affect emerged as the most stable and dominant attractor, underscoring the capacity of participatory art to regulate emotion and foster collective well-being.

Abstract This article explores biophilic (nature-centred) instrument design and its intersection with architecture and music. While the connection between these disciplines is often discussed figuratively, they are less often combined in practice. The Biophilic Instrument Pavilion (BIP), a site-responsive sound and light installation, serves as a model for such a collaboration using biophilic design as a unifying principle. This multidisciplinary project demonstrates spatialisation in ecological, sonic, visual and social contexts, offering insights into environmental instrument practices and collaborative creative processes.

This study aims to analyze the influence of smartphone usage on students’ academic achievement in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation for grade XI students of the Electrical Power Installation Engineering (TITL) program at SMKN 1 Bukittinggi. The research is grounded in the increasing use of smartphones among students, most of which is for non-academic activities such as social media and gaming. This trend is suspected to disrupt students’ concentration and focus, leading to lower academic performance. The study employs a quantitative approach using surveys and documentation methods. The primary instrument is a questionnaire to assess the intensity of smartphone usage, complemented by documentation of students' learning outcomes. The analysis reveals a negative relationship between smartphone usage and student achievement. Higher smartphone usage outside of learning contexts tends to correlate with lower academic outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and educating students on the wise use of smartphones so that technology supports learning rather than hinders it.

Abstract The introduction of artificial light is changing the nighttime environment over large areas of the Earth, disrupting natural light regimes in terms of the occurrence, timing and forms of light. Because of the centrality of those natural light regimes to many biological processes, artificial light at night (ALAN) has quite pervasive environmental impacts, including on individual organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems. The widespread and ongoing introduction of Phosphor‐converted white (PC‐white) LEDs has particularly accelerated the disruption of natural light regimes and exacerbated many of the environmental impacts. In large part this is because of the resultant increased emissions in the blue part of the spectrum, to which key biological processes are especially sensitive. The use of Phosphor‐converted amber (PC‐amber) LEDs, with emissions in the blue much reduced and therefore in effect reddened compared with PC‐white LEDs, has been widely championed as a means of reducing (albeit not eliminating) these environmental impacts. Here we argue that, as things stand, the evidence for the efficacy of PC‐amber LEDs in such reductions is quite limited and that these lamps should not be seen as a panacea for the environmental impacts of ALAN. In particular, PC‐amber LEDs can still have substantial blue emissions and thus have greater biological impacts than might otherwise be assumed, especially if they are used at higher intensities. Other lighting options, which have thus far received little attention, may be more advantageous, especially if their availability improves and thus results in associated price reductions. However, more basic ways of limiting ALAN should remain high priorities, such as removing unnecessary lights, dimming lighting, improving shielding and part‐night lighting. Practical implication . Although they can provide benefits, caution should be exercised in the widespread use of PC‐amber LEDs as an environmentally sensitive solution to the installation of outdoor lighting.

Highways are public services provided by the government, as an important infrastructure for community mobility. This study aims to assess the level of public satisfaction with road services and identify complaints submitted by road users. This study used a quantitative approach with 196 respondents, using the Lemeshow formula (population unknown), and using purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through a closed questionnaire and data was analyzed using the following methods: Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), and Complaint and Suggestion Analysis. The results of the IPA are that of the 33 statements, 2 items are in Quadrant I, 9 items are in Quadrant II, 15 items are in Quadrant III, and 7 items are in Quadrant IV. The CSI score was calculated at 69.00%, showing that road users in Serang Regency were quite satisfied. In addition, the analysis of complaints and suggestions from users, including the repair of potholes, damaged road shoulders and bridges, installation and maintenance of street lighting, procurement of drainage systems and culverts. These findings are important inputs in the preparation of work programs and budgeting in the road infrastructure sector and formulating policies based on the real needs of road users.

The subject of this study is the principles and conceptual approaches to artistic design of light advertising in the urban environment of Hong Kong. The research details the process of integrating light advertising into the architectural and cultural "fabric" of the city, taking into account technological, ecological, social, and aesthetic factors. Special attention is given to issues of harmonizing lighting solutions with architectural appearance, minimizing light pollution, and preserving the cultural identity of the urban environment. Modern trends in the use of neon, LED, and interactive technologies are analyzed, along with the artistic, engineering, and design aspects of the project. Methods for creating visually expressive, innovative, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible advertising objects that enhance the visual perception of the night city and increase its tourist appeal are also considered. The study employs comparative and analytical methods, including the examination of architectural objects, visual analysis of light installations, and a systemic approach to evaluating the interaction of light advertising with the urban environment of Hong Kong and its cultural context. The scientific novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive approach to analyzing the artistic design of light advertising in the dense urban environment of Hong Kong, where architecture, culture, and modern technology intersect. Unlike traditional studies, the focus is not only on the technical characteristics of lighting structures but also on their aesthetic and cultural impact on the perception of the urban environment. The work proposes a concept of sustainable artistic design aimed at harmoniously combining light advertising with the architectural appearance of the city and minimizing the negative effects of excessive illumination. The conclusions of the study emphasize the importance of developing unified standards and quality criteria for light design that ensure a balance between visual expressiveness, functionality, and environmental safety. The results obtained can be used in developing strategies for visual culture in megacities and forming an aesthetically cohesive urban environment.

Cycling transport in Poland is in the phase of dynamic development. Many cities in Poland realize investments connected with the construction of new and the modernization of existing cycling infrastructure. Road lighting is an element ensuring the safety and comfort of cyclists, particularly during the realization of journeys after dark and in difficult weather conditions. A correctly designed, constructed, and maintained lighting installation contributes to extending the time of use of the infrastructure by cyclists and supports sustainable mobility. To improve traffic safety, infrastructure managers are making investments in spot or linear lighting for bike roads. Cycling traffic may be carried out both together and separately from the carriageway of a road designed for vehicles. Therefore, lighting requirements are formulated in different ways. The article reviews the current lighting requirements, considering the locations of cycling traffic. The lighting classes were used, and their purpose is indicated. The general and specific recommendations of the current guidelines for lighting roads, bicycle roads and pedestrian and bicycle roads are described. The individual stages of the design process of lighting installations are indicated and attention is drawn to the problem of the realization of field measurements.

This study examined the effects of the visual environment conditions of evacuation routes on walking time and psychology, and the lighting requirements for effective evacuation guidance in smoke environments. The results of this study indicate that smoke density has a significant effect on evacuation behaviour, and that the thicker the smoke density, the slower the walking speed and the greater the psychological burden. However, the use of high luminance of light source and continuous installation of lighting in low positions for reliable evacuation guidance can support evacuation behaviour even in a high smoke density environment. In addition to conventional guide lights and emergency lighting, lighting design of evacuation routes based on the luminance distribution of the evacuees’ field of view is necessary to properly and actively guide evacuees to exits and eliminate their sense of uneasiness and will be further studied.

ABSTRACT Accidents at pedestrian crossings are one of the leading causes of traffic accidents worldwide. A significant proportion of them occur during nighttime hours and their consequences are usually tragic for pedestrians. One of the key solutions that can help to improve safety in such situations is the use of appropriate lighting technologies in the area of pedestrian crossings. Cities use a variety of solutions to illuminate pedestrian crossings, which can be broadly divided into three main groups: standard, supplementary, and dedicated. Different technical parameters characterize each of these groups. Lighting installations have been designed, built, and operated for many years by lighting requirements that have evolved due to the introduction of new regulations and standards. In addition, various luminaires and light sources have been used to illuminate pedestrian crossings, which are currently in different states of repair. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of the current technical condition of existing installations to assess the existing condition and set a benchmark for further modernization measures. The article presents the results of a survey of 4179 pedestrian crossings conducted between 2016 and 2020, the first such extensive survey of its kind in the European Union. The study aimed to identify basic lighting parameters for the three leading solutions for lighting pedestrian crossings. This made it possible to compare currently used solutions in urban conditions. The article describes in detail the methodology for measuring the illumination of pedestrian crossings using the illuminance parameter and presents the study results of key lighting parameters. Based on the requirements of the current standard, an analysis of the results was carried out, considering the division into three typical lighting solutions. The challenges encountered and the differences between standard, supplementary, and dedicated lighting were discussed based on the results.

Infrastructure is a catalyst for development, thus, this study explored the initiatives of Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines, in contribution to Sustainable Development Goal 11 or SDG 11, building sustainable cities and communities. A mixed-method convergent triangulation approach was employed. The quantitative component assessed the initiatives and their level of alignment with SDG 11 targets and indicators, while the challenges in the implementation and insights to future development plans were dealt qualitatively. Eighty key officials and people associated with Roxas City infrastructure development were the respondents and participants of the study. The 70 respondents were surveyed using the researcher-made, validated and reliability-tested questionnaire, while the 10 were the participants providing insights for future infrastructure development implementation. The study identified 14 major infrastructure initiatives from 2017 to 2022, which were assessed with the mean score of 4.49, indicating a very high level of alignment with SDG 11. Initiatives included but not limited to housing, wet market reconstruction, solid waste and landfill development, disaster and health centers, beautification, road network construction and street light installation. However, implementation of these initiatives were challenged by the insufficient to non-availability of funds, limited community engagement, uncertainty of initiatives’ sustainability, upkeep and project maintenance, and mismatch with community need. Based on these findings, the initiatives demonstrated how SDG 11 can be localized in cities or communities. This study envisions multiple pathways for advancing SDG11 in Roxas City by fostering urban sustainability solutions tailored to local contexts. By emphasizing indigenized approaches, it aims to develop durable, demand-driven strategies that effectively address the city's unique needs.

The integrated design of solar street lighting based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is an innovative approach that combines solar technologies and spatial analysis to optimize stand-alone photovoltaic street lighting installations. This work presents a GIS-based tool in the prototype phase for automated urban planning, enabling the rapid and accurate design of solar public lighting across all streets simultaneously in rural, residential, or urban areas. Designing an installation of this kind for a single street is a time-consuming task, and when multiple streets are involved, the process becomes significantly more complex. To address this, the project integrates a GIS model that streamlines the large-scale design and planning process. The model incorporates relevant geospatial data, including location, road width, solar irradiation levels, required lighting levels, shaded areas, and luminaire catalogues. This tool considers lighting requirements based on safety standards and community needs, adjusting the arrangement of luminaires, battery capacity, and panel power to ensure the system is solar-powered and capable of delivering the intended service.

The present study was conducted in district Kasur, Pakistan to assess the guava fruit damage by Pteropus medius during summer and winter fruit ripening seasons in 2023-24. Artificial LED (AL) lights of 12W and 30W were used as a management strategy. Damage guava fruits by bats were collected for thirty days during both ripening seasons of guava (Psidium gujava) from three randomly selected acres in orchard, with and without artificial lights. After counting and weighing the collected damaged fruits, economic loss was calculated. The data indicated that on daily basis (WADF) of 1.97 ± 0.17 kg per acre (p < 0.0001) of actual fruit damage was observed in the winter season, while summer season faced 1.27 ± 0.09 kg per acre (p < 0.0001). Seasonal yield loss of 2.6% in summer and 16.14% in winter was estimated. The use of 12W and 30W LED lights as management strategy significantly reduced the fruit damage and economic losses. During winter season, 30WAL and 12WAL showed reduced damaged fruit per acre (0.36 ± 0.03 kg and 0.59 ± 0.05, respectively) as compared to orchard (4.97 ± 0.17 kg) with no artificial light (NAL). The yield loss (%) was significantly lower when the orchard was exposed to LED lights. The lowest yield loss was recorded with 30WALs during both summer (0.13 ± 0.01%) and winter (0.17 ± 0.01%) as compared to yield loss (1.30 ± 0.04%) in summer and (2.32 ± 0.08%) in winter with no artificial lights (NAL). The initial cost of light installation was considerable but the reduction in fruit loss made it economically worthwhile. In terms of cost-effectiveness, the 12WAL lights provided a higher return on investment, with a noteworthy positive net economic return during the winter season. It can be concluded that the installation of artificial lights is a practical and effective solution to manage bats related damage in guava orchards. The 12W AL lights offer a good balance between cost and effectiveness, making them a smart choice for orchard owners looking to minimize damage and maximize their profits without harming the bat population. Keywords: Artificial Lights, Indian Flying Fox, Pteropus medius, Fruit damage, Conservation.

Background: Falls in hospitalized patients are a significant healthcare concern. This study examined whether circadian lighting, which helps to regulate circadian rhythms, reduces fall risk. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a 49-bed subacute and rehabilitation ward after the renovation and the installation of circadian lighting. Patients admitted during the five months with circadian lighting (intervention group) were compared to those admitted in the previous five months under fluorescent lighting (control group). Circadian lighting was defined as at least 275 equivalent melanopic lux between 7 a.m. and 12 p.m. Results: Significantly fewer patients in the intervention group experienced falls (7.4% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.0182). Logistic regression analysis identified circadian lighting as a protective factor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.558, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.351-0.887, p = 0.0137), while age ≥ 80 (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.18-5.21, p = 0.0167) and anticonvulsant use (aOR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.39-9.72, p = 0.0087) were significant risk factors. Conclusion: Circadian lighting was associated with a reduction in the number of patients who experienced falls, while advanced age and anticonvulsant use were significant risk factors.

The study focuses on the lack of basis for surface deformation in airport navigational lighting aid projects using horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology. Taking Guanghan airport as an example, a runway test section was constructed to explore the time-series law of cement surface deformation during HDD installation of navigational lighting. Small-calibre (10 cm) HDD technology was used to simulate the actual process and verify its feasibility in the airport. Micro-deformation monitoring radar, ground-penetrating radar and a heavy weight deflectometer were employed for displacement monitoring and detecting the reaction characteristics of the base layer to reveal the intrinsic driving force of the runway surface deformation. The results showed that the intrinsic cause of surface deformation was structural changes in the runway structural layer during construction. The settlement, observed as a manifestation of surface deformation during HDD, could be divided into three stages – sharp settlement, slow rebound and stable settlement. After completion of construction activities, the cumulative displacement remained stable within −1.4 mm while the maximum change rate of the impact stiffness modulus did not exceed 1%, thereby meeting the requirements of airport flight operation management.

Vocational high schools (SMK) play an important role in preparing students for the world of work. However, student learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Padang are still relatively low, with an average pretest score of 57.34. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research method used was classroom action research with 32 students from class XI TITL as subjects. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of student activities during learning. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of STAD successfully improved student learning outcomes significantly, with an average post-test score of 82.19 and an N-Gain Score of 0.58 (moderate category). Academic achievement also increased from 15.6% to 75%. Further analysis revealed that collaborative interactions within groups, the reward system, and active student participation were key factors contributing to the success of this method. However, challenges such as time management and low student engagement require attention. It is concluded that the STAD model is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation, both in terms of cognitive aspects and social skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers implement STAD with proper syntax and consider developing supporting media such as digital simulations to optimize the learning process.

ABSTRACT Lighting is a key factor supporting the visual and nonvisual needs of humans. LED lighting systems dominate all contemporary lighting installations all over the world. However, the evolution of knowledge of lighting science has set in attention various counterbalancing factors for proper lighting design such as lighting levels, glare, and melanopic illuminance. Multicriteria decision making methodologies are valuable tools that are characterized by numerous advantages aiding decision makers in selecting the optimal alternative. This paper introduces a multicriteria decision support method utilizing visual, circadian, energy, and cost criteria for a comprehensive assessment of modern LED lighting systems. Six criteria are proposed so as to assess holistically the technical and economic attributes of LED lighting systems and ensure their applicability to office lighting. Laboratory photometric, energy, and spectral measurements and lighting simulations upon 10 types of LED luminaires are performed so as to quantify their performance on each criterion. Finally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multicriteria method is applied, which ranks the 10 types of LED lighting systems and determines the optimal selection.

This community service activity aims to enhance the technical capacity and participation of residents in designing and constructing streetlight poles in Ciramahilir Village, Purwakarta Regency. The village's main issue is the lack of street lighting, which affects safety and community activities at night. The implementation method used a participatory approach through the formation of a working group, technical training, and hands-on installation using appropriate technology. The results showed improved technical skills among residents, successful installation of lights in dark-prone areas, and the establishment of a community-based maintenance structure. This success indicates that locally driven training combined with active community involvement can serve as an effective strategy to address rural infrastructure problems independently and sustainably

‘The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. He to whom the emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand wrapped in awe, is as good as dead —his eyes are closed.’ Albert Einstein, 1931 I have long been fascinated by the relationship between colour gradients and nature and their place within it, especially when thinking about natural phenomena. This has formed the core of my practice as an artist and printmaker, which I have dedicated mainly to printing gradients, not only on paper but also on other substrates, to create sculptures or light installations.