Lighting Design Research Articles

Exploring the Ecological Design of Office Building Envelopes

In the whole life cycle of a building, carbon emissions from the operation phase are dominant and play a key role in the country's total emissions. Therefore, reducing carbon emissions in this phase is crucial for environmental protection. Especially for office buildings, optimizing envelope design and improving energy efficiency are effective means to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, this study aims to explore the ecological design applicable to different components of office building envelopes through classic examples of excellence in energy efficiency. The evaluation standards of China, the United States and the United Kingdom are selected, and the differences and similarities of the evaluation standards are tabulated to assess the impact of different evaluation standards on green buildings. This paper concludes that a generalized building envelope design methodology can be explored through a comprehensive study of key elements such as high-performance curtain walls, eco-materials and innovative technologies, shading, ventilation and lighting design, and by combining the comparison of energy efficiency before and after retrofitting, detailed data and design detail analysis in specific cases. This paper can provide a feasible and effective program for the ecological design of office building envelope.

Optimizing Classroom Lighting for Enhanced Visual Comfort and Reduced Energy Consumption

Educational buildings are recognized as one of the largest consumers of electrical energy. Inadequate lighting can also have negative physical and psychological effects on these environments. Therefore, optimal lighting design that meets electrical energy needs while providing visual comfort is essential. Reducing glare, primarily caused by artificial lighting in educational environments, is particularly important. Glare can lead to discomfort and eye fatigue, adversely affecting learning performance. To measure and assess this phenomenon, the “Unified Glare Rating (UGR)” metric is employed, which helps designers accurately evaluate the level of glare caused by lighting. This paper examines the parameters of height and surface reflectance as variable factors to achieve an optimal design that reduces lamp demand and minimizes glare, using a three-phase methodology: (1) using Dialux software, two primary scenarios—varying heights (2.5 and 3 m) and reflectance coefficients (ceiling, walls, floor)—were examined, (2) across 100 simulations followed by correlation and regression analyses to assess the effect of each reflectance coefficient (ceiling, walls, floor) on illuminance and the UGR, and (3) energy performance evaluation. Results demonstrate trade-offs: reducing lamps from 15 to 9 lowered energy use by 40% but increased UGR from 13 to 18 (approaching the discomfort threshold of 19), while 12 lamps achieved a balance—20% energy savings, a UGR of 14, and uniformity of 0.67. Surface reflectance emerged as critical, with high-reflectance ceilings (≥85%) and walls (≥80%) contributing 50.9% and 32% to illuminance variance, respectively. This study concludes that multi-parameter optimization—integrating height, lamp quantity, and reflectance—is essential for energy-efficient classroom lighting with acceptable glare levels, providing actionable guidelines for urban educational environments constrained by artificial lighting dependency.

An efficient ray tracing algorithm and its implementation based on adaptive octree decomposition

This paper proposes a ray tracing algorithm based on adaptive octree decomposition to solve the problem of low efficiency of calculating the intersection point of light rays and complex surfaces in the optical simulation of vehicle lights. The algorithm significantly improves the efficiency of solving the intersection problem by discretizing the complex surface into a series of polygonal facets and using a bilinear interpolation algorithm to optimize the light refraction calculation. Experiments show that the algorithm can greatly reduce the computation time on vehicle light models of different complexity, especially when dealing with complex surfaces, the algorithm improves performance by nearly 50%. The algorithm has been successfully applied to simulating optical performance in the design of vehicle lights and has achieved good application results, providing an efficient solution for the optical simulation in the design of vehicle lights.

Design of near-infrared light induced functionalized upconverting nanoparticles as support in enzyme immobilization: Enhanced biocatalyst activity and stability.

Design of near-infrared light induced functionalized upconverting nanoparticles as support in enzyme immobilization: Enhanced biocatalyst activity and stability.

공공디자인 시범도시 조성을 위한 국내외 셉테드 조명 설계 연구

The concept of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) has evolved through multiple stages. Currently, CPTED is moving toward a community-centered approach where local residents determine and implement necessary services on their own. In order to analyze CPTED cases in Aichi Prefecture and Tokyo, Japan, and propose practical nighttime landscape improvement measures applying safety design, this study conducted a status survey and analysis of Yeomni-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, and Yeongyang-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The research originated from the need for environmental design to address crime-related anxiety resulting from the increase in urban nighttime activities, and sought to explore CPTED research directions that reflect the geographical characteristics of local cities, particularly focusing on Yeongyang-gun. To this end, night conditions and user analysis were conducted, and improvement measures focused on lighting design were presented. Based on the concept of CPTED and domestic and international case studies, this study proposed nighttime landscape improvement measures focused on lighting, which go beyond simply installing streetlights or marking safe return paths, and aim to contribute to actual crime prevention and the provision of psychological comfort. Furthermore, CPTED design must reflect local characteristics and street environments, and to apply it systematically, regional design guidelines should be established. This will prevent inconsistent design outcomes and enable more effective environmental design.

Near-infrared image-based method for vision enhancement in monitoring structure and emission character of operating phosphor-converted white light emitting diodes

We proposed and demonstrated a method for observing the structure of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pcW-LEDs) while operating. By incorporating infrared (IR) filters placed in front of the camera, the unclear phenomena of the pcW-LEDs structure in the image have been improved significantly compared to that without using IR filters. The NIR image is a good selection for observation of the light-emitting device during its working process without glare effect. In addition, the thermal camera was utilized to capture the temperature behavior of the white LEDs type of phosphor conformal coating under different injection currents to supplement comprehensive information. Full Text: PDF References E.F. Schubert, J.K. Kim. "Solid-State Light Sources Getting Smart", Science 308, 1274 (2005). CrossRef E.F. Schubert, Light-emitting diodes (Cambridge University Press, 2006). CrossRef Y.Y. Chang, Z.Y. Ting, C.Y. Chen, T.H. Yang, C.C. Sun. "Design of Optical Module With High Stability, High Angular Color Uniformity, and Adjustable Light Distribution for Standard Lamps", J. Disp. Technol. 10, 223 (2014). CrossRef C.C. Sun, C.Y. Chen, C.C. Chen, C.Y. Chiu, Y.N. Peng, Y.H. Wang, T.H. Yang, T.Y. Chung, C.Y. Chung. "High uniformity in angular correlated-color-temperature distribution of white LEDs from 2800K to 6500K", Opt. Express 20, 6622 (2012). CrossRef C.C. Sun, Q.K. Nguyen, T.X. Lee, S.K. Lin, C.S. Wu, T.H. Yang, Y.W. Yu. "Active thermal-fuse for stopping blue light leakage of white light-emitting diodes driven by constant current", Sci. Rep. 12, 12433 (2022). CrossRef S. Chhajed, Y. Xi, Y.-L. Li, Th. Gessmann, E. F. Schubert. "Influence of junction temperature on chromaticity and color-rendering properties of trichromatic white-light sources based on light-emitting diodes", J. Appl. Phys. 97, 054506 (2005). CrossRef J.L. Davis, K.C. Mills, G. Bobashev, K.J. Rountree, M. Lamvik, R. Yaga, C. Johnson, "Understanding chromaticity shifts in LED devices through analytical models", Microelectron. Reliab. 84, 149 (2018). CrossRef M.Y. Mehr, A. Bahrami, W.D.V. Driel, X.J. Fan, J.L. Davis, G.Q. Zhang, "Degradation of optical materials in solid-state lighting systems", Int. Mater. Rev. 65, 102 (2020). CrossRef Y.F. Su, S.Y. Yang, T.Y. Hung, C.C. Lee, K.N. Chiang, "Light degradation test and design of thermal performance for high-power light-emitting diodes", Microelectron. Reliab. 52, 794 (2012). CrossRef T.-N. Tran, V.-T. Huynh, T.-H.-T. Vu, N.-T. Phan, H.-T.-A. Nguyen, Q.-K. Nguyen, "Study of steady-state thermal model for white light LEDs thermal management application at encapsulant level", Photonics Lett. Pol., 16(1), 13 (2024). CrossRef Q.-K. Nguyen, T.-H.-T. Vu, "An Efficient Method for Simulating the Temperature Distribution in Regions Containing YAG:Ce3+ Luminescence Composites of White LED", J. Compos. Sci, 7, 301 (2023). CrossRef

Integration of IKIGAI Philosophy with Light and Water Landscape Design: A Curriculum for Promoting Mental Wellbeing and Community Resilience

Integration of IKIGAI Philosophy with Light and Water Landscape Design: A Curriculum for Promoting Mental Wellbeing and Community Resilience

Cultural way of creating dances to promote the local values of the community

The research on the Cultural Way of Creating Dances to Promote the Local Values of the Community aims to examine the cultural capital related to city pillars to find formats and elements for presenting creative performances to promote communities' values and local identity in a participatory manner in Pathum Thani Province through performing art and searching for ideas obtained after creating performance works. This study applied qualitative research methods, research processes and tools, study and survey data from academic documents, information media, field study and survey, interviews, and experiences of researchers and community leaders. The data obtained is analyzed and presented as academic biography and performance. The research found that The City Pillar Shrine was created by gathering those who had the strength and faith of the people to build the City Pillar Shrine in the style of the Fine Arts Department to serve as a stable place of worship and unity. This can be classified according to the elements of dance into 8 elements: 1) performance design into 3 periods, period 1 “History”, period 2 “Faith” and period 3 “Nong Suea people” 2) Selection of performers 3) Design of dance moves 4) Design of performance equipment 5) Performance Sound and music design, 6) costume design, 7) lighting design, and 8) performance space design. In addition, the researcher considered three ideas obtained after creating dance: 1) considering creativity in dance, 2) considering the use of symbols in creating dance, and 3) considering dance theory, music, and visual arts.

Effect of heart rate, correlated colour temperature and illuminance on human visual perception under LED lighting environments

Lighting environments with different correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) and illuminance levels not only give different subjective perceptions but also affect physiological parameters. However, previous studies have rarely considered the interaction between participants’ physiological state and psychological feelings under different lighting environments. To address this gap, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different CCTs (6500 K and 3000 K) and illuminances (300 lx and 900 lx) on participants’ visual perception, considering heart rate changes as a key variable. Through physiological and psychological questionnaire assessments, it was found that changes in heart rate significantly influenced participants’ subjective evaluations. Heart rate variations affected participants’ physiological perception of the lighting environment, such as respiration and thermal sensation. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future indoor lighting design, providing a scientific basis for creating a more comfortable and efficient lighting environment.

Analisis dan Perencanaan Pencahayaan Buatan pada Toko Kelontong Menggunakan DIAlux Evo 12.0

A grocery store must consider the comfort of people engaging in activities within it, one of which is lighting. Good lighting is an essential part of visual comfort. According to SNI 6197:2020, the standard illumination level for grocery stores is 300 lux. However, initial measurements revealed that during nighttime, the illumination level in the grocery store did not meet the standard, with an average measured illumination level of only 35 lux. Based on this issue, this study aims to determine the appropriate lighting design for grocery stores through analysis using the DIAlux EVO 12.0 software. This research employs the ADDIE research and development model, which comprises five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study, following development using the DIAlux EVO 12.0 software, indicate that five lighting points are required in the grocery store using Philips LED Bulb 19-watt Cool Daylight lamps. After implementation, re-measurements showed that the average nighttime illumination level reached 308 lux. Therefore, the research and development on lighting levels in the grocery store can be considered successful, as it significantly improved lighting in areas or conditions with illumination levels below the Indonesian National Standard.

The Impact of Lighting Design in terms of a Salutogenic Approach on Health and Well-Being: A Case Study in a Coffee House

Individuals spend more time in interiors, which affects their comfort, health, and well-being. It is known that coffee houses, which are increasing rapidly in line with various needs, are preferred for socializing and working in a new world. Creating a well-designed environment also positively impacts an individual’s social, psychological, and behavioral patterns. In this case, a salutogenic design creates interior environments promoting health and well-being. It is an evidence-based design strategy for improving human comfort, health, and well-being, including all environmental quality factors, such as natural and artificial lighting, color, acoustic, and thermal comfort. The lighting design can improve our performance, mood, focus, and overall well-being in an interior environment. A salutogenic design model, which is most prevalent in healthcare and workplace design and is supported by over three decades of research in the medical and design fields, provides an innovative design strategy to aid in comfort, health, and well-being. Based on this perspective, this study evaluates the health and well-being of the users in the selected coffee house with a salutogenic design approach by considering artificial lighting design. The differences between genders, age groups, and the adjectives measuring positive and negative subjective moods, and the correlation between the SOC-13 Scale and the Perceived Environmental Quality Index were analyzed. The “Results” section provides a thorough explanation of the test findings. While this study serve as an example of how individuals’ moods, feelings, health, and well-being can be linked to physical conditions in the space, it will also provide a better understanding of how a salutogenic design approach can be incorporated into coffee shops to improve user experience in various of aspects.

Estimating Energy Savings in Office Lighting: The Impact of Illuminance Distribution and Fixture Types of Luminaires

Artificial lighting is a crucial component of office environments and a significant energy consumer. Effective lighting design in offices must balance the well-being and visual comfort of workers with energy efficiency. Therefore, designers need more focus on lighting design for providing more eye-comfort space for workers who spend most of their time in office. This study examines various artificial lighting distributions and fixtures concerning their potential for energy savings and visual comfort. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, both literature review and simulations were conducted. Four recommended lighting fixtures, each with similar power and flux and different shapes from different brands, were selected for analysis. Small, medium, and big office rooms were modelled using the room index formula for diverse office layouts. The simulations of the offices with varied lighting fixtures were carried out in DIALux Evo 11. This study aims to find the optimal lighting fixture for energy saving in the workplace. The findings from the simulation indicated that as the room index increased, there was a slight reduction in both the illuminance levels and uniformity. While the illuminance levels remained above the standard, the uniformity fell short of the required standard. In accordance with the results of the analysis, the optimal choice for lighting in the rooms is a square lighting fixture, which fulfills the necessary standards across various room sizes. Based on simulation results, the recommended artificial lighting fixtures of brands can provide an energy-consuming environment, but they do not consistently ensure visual comfort across all office layouts.

Design and application of algae light sensing circuit based on memristor

Design and application of algae light sensing circuit based on memristor

Research on Indoor Health Lighting Design Based on Silicon Substrate Golden Light LED Technology

Research on Indoor Health Lighting Design Based on Silicon Substrate Golden Light LED Technology

Interior lighting design and environmental art effect optimization based on genetic algorithm

Interior lighting design and environmental art effect optimization based on genetic algorithm

Exploring the Impact of Daytime and Nighttime Campus Lighting on Emotional Responses and Perceived Restorativeness

The quality of campus environments plays an important role in the mental health of college students. However, the impact of nighttime lighting in campus settings has received limited attention. This study examines how different landscape lighting conditions affect emotions and the perceived restorative potential, providing a mixed-method research framework to assess nighttime landscapes. The study was conducted on a section of campus roadway under three scenarios: daytime (cloudy conditions) and two nighttime settings (landscape lights and streetlights, and streetlights only). We employed wearable biosensors, visitor-employed photography tasks, affective mapping, interviews, and self-reports to comprehensively assess the participants’ emotional responses and perceptions. Statistical analyses, including the Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one-way ANOVA, Getis–Ord Gi* statistic and kernel density analysis, were used to evaluate differences in emotional and restorative perceptions across lighting scenarios. The results showed that nighttime environments with well-designed landscape lighting enhance the restorative potential more compared to street lighting alone and, in some cases, even surpass daytime settings. Skin conductance data, integrated with spatial–temporal trajectories and affective mapping, revealed clear patterns of emotional responses, emphasizing the role of lighting in shaping environmental quality. These findings provide actionable insights for architects and lighting designers to create nighttime landscapes that promote emotional well-being and restoration.

Robust Design and Experimental Demonstration of RSS-Based Visible Light Positioning Under Limited Receiving FOV

Robust Design and Experimental Demonstration of RSS-Based Visible Light Positioning Under Limited Receiving FOV

Could organoaluminium complexes act as prominent TADF emitters for designing efficient diode devices? A DFT/TDA simulation study

Could organoaluminium complexes act as prominent TADF emitters for designing efficient diode devices? A DFT/TDA simulation study

Cockpit instrument lighting design and evaluation

Cockpit instrument lighting design and evaluation

Illuminance study of lecture rooms and laboratories in an educational academic building based on the MS 1525 standard

The lighting system is a crucial system in classrooms and other educational facilities such as laboratories and sports centers. Poor lighting conditions will affect the ability of the students to see clearly during classes and result in eye strain, fatigue, headache, and stress. Hence, this study aims to investigate the illuminance levels in four lecture rooms and six laboratories in the Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia using DIALux evo 10.0 lighting design software. The illuminance levels determined from simulations were compared with the required illuminance levels for classrooms (300 lx) and laboratories (500 lx) stipulated in the Malaysian standards (MS) 1525-energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non-residential buildings. Based on the results, the selected lecture rooms were overlit, whereas three of the laboratories were underlit. Suggestions were made to improve the illuminance levels of the lecture rooms and laboratories by changing the specifications of the lighting system or by making use of natural sunlight from the windows.