Candle Light Research Articles

Unveiling determinants of household lighting preferences in rural Tanzania: insights for sustainable energy access

This paper investigates the determinants and prospects of household lighting choices in rural Tanzania using a Multinomial Logit Regression Model. The analysis is based on data from 4671 households, focusing on three lighting options: electricity, solar energy, and candle lighting. The results reveal significant factors influencing these choices, including household head characteristics, household size, marital status, education, employment status, number of rooms, and income. Key findings indicate that the age of the household head negatively influences the likelihood of choosing grid-electricity, while having a male head of household significantly reduces the probability of opting for any lighting option. Larger household size is negatively associated with choosing electricity and candle lighting. Marital status shows that married households are more likely to use candle lighting. Employment status positively impacts the likelihood of adopting all three lighting options, with employed household heads being more likely to choose modern lighting solutions. Income levels are crucial, as higher income significantly increases the probability of selecting electricity and candle lighting, but not solar energy. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to enhance sustainable energy access in rural Tanzania. It highlights the importance of addressing socio-economic factors to promote the adoption of modern and sustainable lighting technologies.

Christian Elements and Their Folk Adaptations in the Funeral and Memorial Rites of the Ludian Karelians

Abstract The article* focuses on an analysis of the funeral and memorial rituals of the Ludian Karelians in the context of folk religion. For many years, rites of Orthodox origin were either viewed unilaterally or ignored altogether in ethnographic literature, with the reconstruction of ‘pagan’ elements being highlighted, which in turn gave rise to the theory of dual faith. According to the results of my research, the funeral and memorial traditions of the Ludians (from the late 19th to the late 20th century) are based on an Orthodox funeral system in which many aspects derived from a Christian basis found new interpretation. For example, the requirement to light candles was explained as lighting the way to the afterlife, the importance of making confession was so that the dying person’s sins would not attach to the living, and funeral services were to help the soul of the deceased ‘settle’, etc. The principal exponents of the funeral rituals, who ensured the successful transition of the soul to the next world, were representatives of the people: women who washed the body of the deceased, and lamenters, but the church priesthood nonetheless played a significant role in conducting the rituals. The priest’s participation is apparent at all stages of the funeral ritual, from confession to commemoration. Following the abolition of the institution of the church during the Soviet period, the functions of the priest were assumed by elderly women who knew the prayers and church burial traditions.

An Early Modern Version of Shalom Aleichem for Women after Friday Candle Lighting

The singing of the hymn Shalom Aleichem upon returning home from the synagogue on Friday night is a well–known tradition. It is assumed that the Talmudic passage in Tractate Shabbat (B. Shabbat 119b) is the source of this tradition. In fact, it is a kabbalistic custom more influenced by the Zohar. There is a second version of Shalom Aleichem to be recited by women after the lighting of the Sabbath candles, that was first published in a collection of prayers entitled Birkhat ha-Mazon, Basel, 1600. This study analyzes the origins and history of this second version of Shalom Aleichem for women.

From candle's light to neon's brightness. Analysis of the historical progression of the notion of transhumanism in its relation to transcendence

This study presents the most representative notions of the transhumanism concept in light of its temporal development, starting from the first time that there is a record of a similar conception, with the aim of drawing a common thread between all of them and elucidating the relationship that these may have. For this, the works of Dante, Julian Huxley, FM-2030, Max More, Nick Bostrom and Raymond Kurzweil will be reviewed. From this analysis it will be extracted that all these different conceptions of transhumanism are united by their search for transcendence in the human being and the longing for a future state of divinity; Likewise, they differ in the way these common elements are understood. Such common and divergent notions allow a deeper understanding of what transhumanism is and promote a new perspective to understand these cutting-edge ideas.

South Africa’s Energy Landscape Amidst the Crisis: Unpacking Energy Sources and Drivers with 2022 South African Census Data

This paper examines patterns and drivers of energy choices for cooking and lighting in South Africa using the Statistics South Africa Census data at the district municipality (districts) level. Employing spatial and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the findings show that electricity is the main source of energy for cooking across South Africa. However, there is a large swathe of the country covering districts such as Vhembe and Mopani in Limpopo, eastern Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, and northern Eastern Cape provinces where wood is the predominantly used energy type for cooking. There is almost uniform use of gas for cooking across the country. Electricity is the main energy source for lighting in South Africa. It is followed by candles, likely explained by loadshedding, and, surprisingly, solar energy a distant third. In terms of drivers, dwelling types play a statistically significant role in what energy type to use for cooking and lighting, albeit differently. In terms of lighting, formal dwelling is positively related to the choice of electricity and informal dwelling is related to the choice of electricity (negatively) and candles (positively) for lighting. The level of higher education, household size, and the dependency ratio have varied statistically significant roles in the choice of either energy type for cooking or lighting by formal, informal, and traditional dwellers. Relevant policy prescriptions that are needed to engender the country towards sustainable energy use, diversification of energy types from electricity produced from fossil fuels to other renewable energy sources such as solar, and reduction in over-dependency on the biomass energy sources such as paraffin and wood, especially in rural and poor districts, are proposed.

Social and Techno-economic Impact of Rural Electrification in Isolated Places with Photovoltaic Systems: Evidence Gulf of Guayaquil

The lack of electrification in isolated places is considered the main impediment to the economic development of the inhabitants, the use of new technologies such as solar photovoltaic is considered a viable solution to the problems of electrification however technical, economic and social factors limit the use of form, the work reviews the drivers of rural electrification with new types of renewable energy technologies in Latin America. especially in the Gulf of Guayaquil in Ecuador. For part of the research is taken as a case study an island that is populated by 17 homes where the economic technical study is carried out for the photovoltaic system of 405 Wp, the cost of the implementation is 1663.05 dollars, the cost of energy is 0.258 USD / kWh being a limitation for overcrowding in low-income homes even when they have no possibility of accessing a financial credits the inhabitants of communes. The electrified houses have a saving of USD$25 per month for fuel required for the operation of the generator used for 3 hours a day plus the purchase of candles for lighting at night and early morning. The survey conducted in the community reveals that the best benefit for the inhabitants is that children can receive virtual classes post-pandemic with the energy of the system can feed the antenna of the internet provider.

MAKNA PADA PROSES PELAKSANAAN UPACARA ADAT KALOMBA PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA BONTO BIRAENG KECAMATAN KAJANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

This study discusses the ritual of the Kalomba Traditional Ceremony as a community belief in Bonto Biraeng Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency. This study uses a qualitative method. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The collection of data used is observation, interview, and documents. in analyzing a data can be done by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The traditional Kalomba tradition is carried out based on stages starting from the maje'ne procession (ablution), burning incense and lighting candles, reading prayers, shaking off the incense smoke, the tompong procession, the baccing child procession, the paddinding-dindinggi stage, the installation of kampalo and the massolo event (giving money to children) and the event ends with a meal together by family and relatives. The meaning of the traditional Kalomba tradition is as medicine and safety to avoid skin diseases and is meaningful as a thanksgiving for parents to children. From the traditional Kalomba tradition, it reveals the value of mutual assistance and togetherness, establishing friendship and responsibility.

“I could not give him the funeral he deserved”: The role of alternative mourning rituals during the pandemic

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, measures were enforced that constrained people's ability to engage in conventional funeral and mourning rituals, which in general serve as vital mechanisms for coping with the experience of loss. This study aimed to investigate how these limitations affected early grief symptoms and the influence of alternative mourning rituals (paying tribute on social media, lighting candles in memory of the deceased, and using objects of the deceased) on moderating the relationship between individuals' perception of these limitations (such as being unable to perform the present body ceremony or fulfill the funeral wishes of the deceased) and the intensity of the grief symptoms. The study involved 227 participants, aged between 18 and 77 years, who had experienced the loss of a loved one during the pandemic. Results demonstrated that higher levels of perceived limitation in funeral ceremonies are associated with greater intensity of grief responses. Paying tribute on social media and lighting candles in memory of the deceased person moderated the relationship between the perception of limitation in fulfilling the deceased’s wishes in relation to the funeral ceremonies and the intensity of the grief responses. Using objects moderates the relationship between the perception of limitation in performing a present body ceremony and the intensity of the grief responses. Results underline the relevance of psychological flexibility, in particular concerning alternative morning rituals, that can be used as a way of buffering the impact of the perception of limitation in funeral ceremonies on the intensity of grief responses. This study offers a distinctive insight into bereavement during the pandemic, highlighting the role of flexibility in morning rituals in mitigating the deleterious effect of ritual restrictions on bereavement outcomes.

The effect of uniform wearing and candle lighting ceremony on nursing students’ perspective on the profession – a qualitative study

Introduction and aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Uniform Wearing Ceremony and the Candle Lighting on nursing students’ perceptions of the profession. Material and methods. A qualitative, phenomenological method was used to design the study. The standardised criteria for reporting qualitative research with 32 elements were used for the research. The study was conducted with 60 students who volunteered to participate in the study by not selecting a sample of first year nursing students from a university in Northern Turkey. Interviews were conducted 3 times for approximately 20-40 minutes. Results. In this study, the rate of students who perceived the Uniform Wearing Ceremony as positive was as high as (n=42), the rate of those who thought that the uniform had an effect on the image of the nursing profession was 88.3%, and the rate of those who considered nursing as a respected profession was (23%). Conclusion. Nursing students who participated in the study stated that the effect of the Uniform Wearing Ceremony and the Candle Lighting Ceremony positively influenced their perception of the profession and that the uniform had an impact on the image of the nursing profession.

In the Shadow of the Palms: The Selected Works of David Eugene Smith

In the Shadow of the Palms: The Selected Works of David Eugene Smith

The Clinical Exercise Physiologists Interview Series: Barry A. Franklin, PhD, ACSM-CEP, ACSM-PD, FACSM, FAHA, MAACVPR, FASPC, FPCNA (Hon)

The Clinical Exercise Physiologists Interview Series: Barry A. Franklin, PhD, ACSM-CEP, ACSM-PD, FACSM, FAHA, MAACVPR, FASPC, FPCNA (Hon)

Iwnetim Iwnetu Abate

Growing up in a small town in Ethiopia, Iwnetim Iwnetu Abate didn’t have reliable access to power. For several nights a week, he completed his homework by the light of candles or a kerosene lamp. Abate’s experience eventually set him on a path to improve battery technologies. “I had this personal attachment to the problem of energy,” he says. Abate—who goes by Tim in casual conversation—is now a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His goal is to design high-performance materials that facilitate electrochemical reactions in batteries or offer improvements in catalysis, sensors, or computing. Throughout his research career, he has been driven to understand how atomic-level phenomena govern macroscopic behavior in layered materials. “He’s very interested in seeing translation of his research to solve societal problems,” says Mark Asta , a computational materials scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, and former coadviser of Abate, who completed postdoctoral

UEMG – A UNIVERSITY BY THE LIGHT OF UNLIT CANDLES: QUESTIONS ABOUT REVOCATIONS AND THE NEW RESOLUTIONS

This brief text presents to the community of the State University of Minas Gerais – UEMG, a series of considerations, which were provoked, based on changes proposed by the Comptroller General of the State of Minas Gerais, in the following normative diplomas regarding the teaching tasks of UEMG: CONUN/UEMG Resolution, No. 372/2017, which provides for teacher assignments, the creation of the Permanent Teacher Management Commission (CPGD), and makes other provisions; CONUN Resolution, No. 482/2020, which establishes the rules for calling up temporary Higher Education Teachers, within the scope of the University of the State of Minas Gerais; and COEPE Resolution No. 234/2018, which provides for the calculation of teaching loads and their attribution to the occupants of the position of Professor of Higher Education – PES of UEMG, as well as to the Designated Professors of the Institution. The method used combines a literature review with a case study approach. As a result of this approach, an alternative was offered to the CGE / MG, maintaining the current status of the workload, since the current format contemplates the relationships that need to be maintained between the State, UEMG and the various publics that interact with them.

Energy Poverty, Burns and Health Risks in the Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

In the study, we examined the link between energy poverty and burns incidents among low-income suburban residents in the Port Harcourt Metropolis in Nigeria. Energy poverty manifests in many ways in low-income suburban areas. This includes frequent power outages, scarcity, the high cost of petroleum products and electricity, and the use of cooking systems devoid of energy efficiency. The residents respond to these challenges in ways that compromise their health and safety, resulting in preventable morbidity and mortality. In the study, we undertook a retrospective review of patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Burns Centre. Burns incidents and fatalities from 2015 to 2021 were analysed with a focus on age, mortality, gender, causes of the injury and areas of residence. The results revealed that about 177 cases (48%) were caused by kerosene explosion. Flames from the ignition of fuel stored at home for power generating sets and from artisanal oil refining sites accounted for 113 cases (17%). Flames from candles for lighting during periods of power outages comprised 24 cases (4%). Fire caused by electricity constituted 28 cases (4%). Gas explosions caused by ignorance and poor housing conditions accounted for 177 cases (27%). The mortality coefficient of burns of 0.5 implies that at least five deaths resulted from every 10 cases of burns recorded in the hospital. In the study, we recommend that government implement policy on energy access and equitable distribution more vigorously to enable poor households to meet their energy needs in relatively safe and less risky ways.

Familial Bond in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Temporary Matter

Family is a bond of life chain which possesses love and concern to one another. It is with this bond the sufferings of lots of twists and turns get revealed. Jhumpa Lahiri is an Indian diasporic writer. In her work, she speaks about the dynamics of relationship, loneliness, loss and grief, connection, honesty. A Temporary Matter is taken from her interpreter of maladies. In this short story she speaks about the connection, honesty, loss, grief, and moving on. The central characters are Shoba and Shukumar. The other major characters in this story are Shoba’s Mother, Mr. Bradford and Mrs. Bradford. Shukumar and Shobaarea lovely couple. The protagonist is Shoba as she sustains a strong character. As life reverses they donot talk with each other after their child death. They receive a notice from their electric company that their power will be disconnected for the next five days from 8:00 to 9:00 P.M in order to repair the destruction caused due to snowstorm. During the period of power disconnect, Shoba and Shukumar sits together in a candle light and they share their secrets which remains disclosed for years. On the fifth day Shoba intimates her plans of moving to another house while Shukumar conveys the truth that he stood in the labour ward during her delivery time. This turns to be greatest twist at last.

When the Cemetery Becomes Political: Dealing with the Religious Heritage in Multi-Ethnic Regions

When the Cemetery Becomes Political: Dealing with the Religious Heritage in Multi-Ethnic Regions

Self-Care Can’t Always Be There (but it needn’t be far away)

There aren’t many people who would disagree that caring for ourselves is crucial, particularly when working in an emotionally and physically challenging profession. However, there is an assumption that we all know how to do this. Self-care isn’t lighting candles, going shopping or having a spa day – these might be part of your routine but it’s much more than this. Practising self-care is a skill and, without this being taught, it sets us up to fail when we find it difficult to put in place. It begins with the relationship we have with ourselves. Like any relationship, this will have its ups, downs and complexities. Connecting with ourselves requires holding a part of us that is vulnerable while acknowledging and believing we are “deserving” of being cared for.

World of Trouble: A Philadelphia Quaker Family’s Journey through the American Revolution

World of Trouble: A Philadelphia Quaker Family’s Journey through the American Revolution

Tamils and Fish as Exhibited in Sangam Literature

Sangam literature conveys to us the high character, way of life, and experience of the Tamils. The five divisions of ancient Tamil society (ainththinai) were characterised by numerous cultures. In the later stage, based on the term attribute, the word "culture" was constructed. Culture refers to the biological structure of human society. One of the main elements of Tamil culture is food. The Tamils excelled in cooking food with taste, and selecting food with taste. At a time when other countries were eating raw food, the Tamils used to grind the food they had to eat and make it into broth, adding aromatics to prevent illness. The Tamils were the first to cook food in a civilised manner. Food has been used as the daily food of Tamils. Tamils enjoy cooking mangoes with fish gravy. They had the habit of eating fried food and drying it as 'karuvadu', which could be used later. The fish is given as a gift to the girlfriend as well. They have improved in the fishing industry. Different vessels are used for catching fish. Fish oil is used to light candles. Fish oil is used for barter. They know what kind of fish is available in which coastal area and go to that area in the respective seasons to catch fish. This research paper has been prepared by selecting the places found in the Sangam literature about fish.

Perception and Practices of COVID Appropriate Behavior

Introduction: Recent COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health problem worldwide. Knowledge about the disease and adoption of COVID Appropriate Behavior (CAB) are of utmost importance in combating the pandemic. The study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice and to determine different misconceptions and wrong practices related to the disease among urban and rural populations. Materials and Methods: A community-based analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021 among 144 adult residents from urban and rural West Bengal. Multistage sampling was adopted and a predesigned, pretested, semistructured schedule was used for interviewing study subjects. Results: Urban people were significantly more knowledgeable and more appropriate in attitude and practice than rural people (P < 0.05). The mean knowledge and attitude scores of urban population were significantly higher than the rural population across age groups, gender, occupation, and education (P < 0.05), whereas mean practice score was significantly higher across gender and occupation in the urban population compared to the rural population (P < 0.05). Many cultural and indigenous practices such as drinking warm water, using mouth wash, using home remedies were more common in urban areas and consumption of homeopathy medicines, lighting candles, making sound with utensils, blowing conch shells, and worshipping corona were observed more in rural areas. Conclusions: Wide gap exists in knowledge, attitude, and practice between urban and rural population and there were many wrong perceptions and practices surrounding COVID-19 among both urban and rural population. Appropriate policy for improving knowledge, attitude, and CAB is the need of the hour.