Public Lighting Research Articles

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale Public Lighting. The case of the City of Cuenca, Ecuador.

This paper describes a large-scale energy efficiency assessment of the public lighting system in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, carried out with the collaboration of the system administrator, the Central South Regional Power Company (CENTROSUR). For the evaluation, the Spanish regulation ITC-EA-02 and the European standard UNE-EN 13201 were used since there are no similar efficiency standards in Ecuador. Three thousand measurement points distributed on about 200 city roads were surveyed. The results allowed to evaluate the levels of average horizontal illuminance on the road and the mean and general uniformities of the arteries as well as the energy efficiency during the years 2014-2015. As a conclusion, and according to the aforementioned European regulation, 81% of the studied roads have excessive levels of illumination; 13% deficient levels and only 6% of the roads complied fully with the standards.

Neutral Currents in Large Public Lighting Networks

The modern large public lighting networks are characterized by two major aspects that rise problems from both power quality and neutral current point of view in low voltage wye-connected three-phase electrical systems: (i) the supply system is unbalanced loaded; (ii) the presence of discharge sources. It is important to underline that nowadays,these aspects are not taken into account in the proper sizing of neutral conductors. The paper presents a simplified but enough accurate methodology to estimate the RMS value of neutral currents in lighting networks. The theoretical relationships are illustrated for a three-phase public lighting network that contains high pressure sodium lamps.

LED Technology and Smart City, their Role and Impact on Man and the Environment

This chapter explores the evolution of public lighting, tracing its historical development from the early days of illumination to contemporary times. It highlights the contemporary significance of public lighting in meeting regulatory standards for illumination, emphasizing the fundamental role of LED technology. LED technology not only ensures compliance with lighting regulations but also significantly reduces network power consumption, thereby mitigating environmental pollution compared to traditional discharge lamps. Furthermore, this chapter underscores the transformative shift in the role of modern lighting systems, which have evolved into multifunctional hubs for the integration of value-added services. These services encompass a wide range of applications, including surveillance cameras, smart parking systems, and electric vehicle charging stations, thereby enhancing the overall functionality and sustainability of urban environments.

Gaia-X & Fiware: Implementation of a Federated Data Platform in Smart Cities

Using and connecting different technologies to improve the quality of urban life is a significant challenge for smart cities. The interconnection of transport, energy, water, public lighting, and other urban infrastructure systems is critical to providing quality services to citizens and reducing environmental impact. However, data interoperability from these systems is a significant challenge, as data is mainly stored in different formats and locations from various sources. This paper examines the challenges of integrating existing datasets in intelligent cities and proposes solutions to create secure and interoperable data-sharing environments. To this end, an approach called data federation is discussed by implementing a federated platform for integrating such data. However, it is essential to note that there may be challenges in terms of cybersecurity and interoperability. This is where context brokers play a crucial role, regulating access to data by enforcing rules and providing security standards. In this way, these challenges can be managed appropriately, ensuring data protection and the system’s proper functioning. Finally, it is essential to mention that this work is linked to a smart cities project, which aims to promote innovation in smart cities by implementing several innovative solutions. The study presented in this research contributes to understanding the challenges in smart cities. It proposes solutions for creating secure and interoperable data-sharing environments, which are essential both for the project’s success and for the development of smart cities worldwide.

Study on the Effectiveness of Public Participation in Urban and Rural Grassroots Governance Based on a Big Data Platform

Abstract Urban and rural grassroots governance is the cornerstone of the modernization of national governance, and strengthening effective public participation is also the continuation and sublimation of the strategy of poverty alleviation. This paper utilizes gene structure for expression, constructs the RMUGS model, and then constructs a three-level retrieval algorithm based on the various levels of the model to analyze big data on the results achieved by public participation in urban-rural grassroots governance in Z town of Guangdong province. Town Z has been able to achieve good results in urban-rural grassroots governance, as shown in the data analysis results. Significant results have been achieved in the improvement of infrastructure, with the overall degree of improvement reaching more than 75%, and the highest improvement of public lighting reaching 90% of the degree of improvement. The number of people actively participating has gone up from 60.33% in 2020 to 77.95% in 2022, with general residents without positions experiencing the greatest increase. The above data analyzed by the RMUGS model clearly shows that public participation in urban and rural grassroots governance has a very high degree of effectiveness, which provides effective directions and ideas for future grassroots governance.

Exploring UV-222 Nano Meter Future Implications and Prospects in Electro Mobility

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the necessity of an adequate disinfection system to fight dangerous and contagious diseases. Current cleaning procedures are frequently laborious and time-consuming. Researchers are investigating the use of cutting-edge technologies to safeguard the worldwide populace against the spread of viruses and other illnesses to address this issue. A UV-222 nm light-based disinfection system has been suggested as a possible remedy in this regard to counteract the impacts of viruses and maintain a clean and secure environment. The implementation of UV-222 nm light-based disinfection systems and their prospective influence on healthcare technology are the main topics of this article. The technology can address issues with the spread of viruses and bacteria in a variety of contexts, including car headlights, public lighting, interior lights in homes, and other sterilising techniques. Additionally, the high-way geometry of UVC sterilisation has been theoretically formulated and investigated. Healthcare professionals, medical physicists, biomedical and clinical engineers, and other associated groups are the target audience for this article. In order to enhance patient safety, disease surveillance, and management, the study discusses the potential advantages of UV-222 nm light-based disinfection systems. We also talk about the ethical, moral, and legal ramifications of using such technology. In conclusion, this research offers a fresh viewpoint on UV-222 nm light-based disinfection systems and their prospective influence on medical technology. In order to improve patient care and safety, we hope that this conversation will promote additional research and development in the area of healthcare technology

INTEGRASI FRAMEWORK LARAVEL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK SISTEM SMART PJU BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS

This study analyzes the use of Laravel structure in improving Internet of Thing IoT-based Smart Street Lighting software. This research applies the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology approach with the waterfall method. The IoT Smart Street Lighting system is the focus in an effort to improve the efficiency of public street lighting. This methodology merger applies the Laravel structure in software development with structured steps. The vetting process begins with defining requirements, user interface (UI) plans, and data management. The execution stage involves applying Laravel for programming as per the framework's prerequisites. Thorough testing ensures functionality, security, and optimal execution. This approach enhances future development capabilities and program quality by combining Laravel technicalities and the waterfall approach, making the Intelligent Street Lighting System more responsive, robust, and efficient based on weather data.

Improved Public Lighting at the University of São Paulo - Brazil

The University of São Paulo (USP) transitioned the roadway lighting technology at the University called Armando de Salles Oliveira (USP-CUASO campus) from High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamps (HPSVL) and Metal Halide Lamps (MHL) to the Solid-State Lighting (SSL). So, this paper presents and discusses the outcomes of the lighting installations and the depreciation of light output from luminaires installed at the Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE) at USP using field data collected over two years (2018–2023). The analysis incorporates aspects related to corrective maintenance, predominantly performed last year, necessitated by the end of the useful life of components such as electronic drivers (66%), 50 W LEDi modules (17%) and others (17%). The failure rate of the sampled luminaires in the IEE area increased from 10% to 28% between August 2021 and January 2023.

Long-Term Monitoring Campaign of LED Street Lighting Systems: Focus on Photometric Performances, Maintenance and Energy Savings

The renovation of public lighting installations by replacing the traditional systems with LED technologies and introducing smart lighting control systems is a policy widely adopted to contain energy consumption and expenditure. Additionally, the long-term monitoring of the depreciation of the new lighting systems is a crucial issue. The aim of this study is to report the results of in-field measurements of new LED lighting systems in the city of Turin (Italy). A method was defined to assess: (i) energy performance (through data from the remote-control system); (ii) photometric performance (through in-field measurement campaigns); and (iii) depreciation of the photometric performance over a period of approximately 5 years. Results demonstrated that the new LED systems allow us to achieve an average energy saving of 51% compared to the ex-ante condition, improving the photometric performances and compiling the standard requirements by lowering the over-illumination levels. Moreover, the measured depreciation of the LED systems over time was compared with the predicted depreciation, estimated based on the calculation method proposed in Standards BS 5489-1:2020 and ISO/CIE TS 22012:2019. The results obtained showed that the measured depreciation of the photometric performance was closer to the predicted depreciation trend according to BS 5489-1:2020 (variations between 0% and 4%), while greater variations (between 17% and 23%) emerged considering the ISO/CIE TS 22012:2019.

A STRATEGY FOR REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS IN A CITY USING A LOW-CARBON STRATEGY - A CASE STUDY

Various environmental policies are created on the basis of scientific knowledge in the sectors of energy, climate and transport. An important role has the Paris Agreement with the aim of limiting the increase in global temperature. The commitments regarding climate neutrality within the framework of "Fit for 55" are important. One of the principles of how to approach the reduction of CO2 emissions within the strategies of countries, regions, cities and municipalities is the use of low-carbon strategies. As part of the study, an analysis of the input data is carried out as part of the assessment of the energy demand and efficiency of public and residential buildings, buildings of the tertiary sector, energy consumption in the public lighting sector, or the use of renewable resources in the city. The aim of the article is to determine the potential of energy savings in individual sectors and propose measures to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions.

Does a flashing artificial light have more or conversely less impacts on animals than a continuous one? A systematic review

Background: Light pollution has been increasingly recognised as a threat to biodiversity, especially with the current expansion of public lighting. Although the impacts of light intensity, spectral composition and temporality are more often studied, another component of light, its flicker frequency, has been largely overlooked. However, flashing light could also have impacts on biodiversity, and especially on animal behaviour and physiology. Objective: This systematic review aimed at identifying the reported physiological and behavioural impacts of flashing light on animals when compared to continuous light. Methods: We followed the standards recommended by the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) in order to achieve a comprehensive, transparent and replicable systematic review. Citations were primarily extracted from three literature databases and were then screened for relevance successively on their titles, abstracts and full-texts. Retained studies were finally critically appraised to assess their validity and all relevant data were extracted. Only studies which compared a flashing light to a continuous one were included. Results: At first, we found 19,730 citations. Screening and critical appraisal resulted in 32 accepted articles corresponding to 54 accepted observations—one observation corresponding to one species and one outcome. We collated data on four main taxa: Aves (the most studied one), Actinopterygii, Insecta and Mammalia as well as on plankton. Conclusions: The impacts of flashing light are currently critically understudied and varied between species and many light specificities (e.g. frequency, wavelength, intensity). Therefore, no definitive conclusions could be drawn for now. Thus, research on flashing light should be pressingly carried out in order to better mitigate the impacts of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on wildlife. In the meantime, we would recommend precautionary principles to be applied: flashing lighting should be limited when not deemed essential and flicker frequencies managed to prevent animals from experiencing any potential harm from flashing light.

A statistically analysis to determine the use of renewable sources for campus lighting, case study of technical faculty of Kosova

<span lang="EN-US">Considering the ever-increasing demand for electricity and the current crisis in this sector, various ways of generating electricity have been studied. Most of them are based on hybrid technologies as a solution to replace the relevant resources during the absence. In Kosovo, as an economically poor country, such technologies are rarely used. Public lighting in some countries is still considered unaffordable due to high cost. This study further demonstrates an environmentally friendly option for power generation using hybrid PV and Wind systems. The current study presents the study that was carried out on the campus of the technical faculty in Pristina. The analysis has been done analytically, which has resulted in the need for 6 hybrid lighting systems to achieve a coverage of the lighting needs, which so far lacks lighting in this part of the campus. A total of 461,448 kWh can be generated during the year from the wind turbine system and 796.11 kWh from the solar photovoltaic system. Considering that we have an ever-decreasing cost of such devices and from the analysis done it results that these systems are cost effective and ideal solutions for such cases and similar needs which are vital needs today.</span>

Switch mode power supply with flyback LED driver topology in public lighting systems energy supply

<span lang="EN-US">This research aims to design a flyback topology switch-mode power supply constant voltage and constant current light emitting diode (LED) driver to improve the performance of the LED. The flyback topology is chosen for its simple design and small size and uses high-frequency switching to lower the high DC voltage from the power source. The research aims to avoid blackouts caused by a drop in the power source voltage and to produce technological products that can be developed for other lighting applications. The constant-voltage feedback system ensures that the current flowing to the LED remains stable despite changes in load or other conditions. When there is a voltage drop from the power source, this topology can maintain the voltage and current stable and in accordance with the working voltage specifications of the LEDs. According to test results, the LED driver's output voltage ranges from 18.03 to 18.06 volts with an average message error value of 0.3%. In this system, switching occurs at frequencies ranging from 18.041 Hz to 38.230 Hz. With a constant current value of 0.58 ampere, the resulting lamp's lux value is stable and does not significantly change.</span>

Implementasi Light Emitting Diode Sebagai Penerangan Jalan Umum Yang Hemat Daya

Public street lighting, also known as street lighting, refers to the outdoor lighting systems used to illuminate public roads. An effective street lighting system plays a crucial role in enhancing safety and security for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists by providing improved visibility of the road and surrounding terrain during nighttime hours. The primary focus in street lighting planning is on economic factors. An analysis of light sources has highlighted the economic advantages of utilizing light emitting diodes for public street lighting. This choice proves to be more efficient when implemented in a sustainable manner. The installation of public street lighting can be the optimal solution to address the issue of inadequate lighting in the village of Pedurenan Gunung Sindur Bogor, ensuring enhanced comfort and security during nighttime activities. The lighting installation process commences with a thorough examination of the site, followed by diligently arranging and design of the electrical installations for the lighting system. Finally, the planned design was carried out and implemented. The implementation of public street lighting is a collaborative effort between college students and youth residents in the village. The outcome of this community service initiative is the implementation of public street lighting installations that offer optimal illumination, ensuring the convenience and safety for all people accessing the roads.

Prototipe dan Monitoring Penerangan Jalan Umum (PJU) Menggunakan Tenaga Surya

Utilizing solar energy as an alternative energy source for Indonesia's electricity needs is very appropriate because it is located in a tropical area with hot sunlight available all year round. Considering that in rural areas in Indonesia there are still many public road accesses that are not equipped with street lighting and the problem stems from the use of conventional electrical energy as a source of street lighting. The use of photovoltaics (PV) as a tool to produce electrical energy with the advantages of being environmentally friendly, low maintenance costs and zero emissions and the energy needed is available in nature and is always renewable (renewable energy). The 1 DOF (Degree OF Freedom) solar tracker mechanic is used to find the point where the sunlight is optimal, which aims to produce maximum solar panel output during energy conversion. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that solar-powered public street lighting (PJU-TS) using a mechanical solar tracker delay of 2 seconds produces a daily energy conversion of 235.20 Wh, which is more optimal than solar-powered public street lighting (PJU-TS) with solar tracker delay. 2.5 seconds amounting to 218.75 Wh and solar powered public street lighting (PJU-TS) without a solar tracker amounting to 171.34 Wh.

Effects of proactive and reactive health control measures on public transport preferences of passengers – A stated preference study during the COVID-19 pandemic

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruptions to public transportation services, passengers' mode choice preferences, and their behavioral pattern. Recent studies have updated the systemic shift from shared travel to private mode due to the perceived higher health risk of shared mobility. However, findings from these studies may not be applicable to public transport-oriented cities with very low rate of private car ownership. In the long term when we arrive at a stabilized ‘New Normal’, the need to promote public transport is likely to be re-emphasized with high priority. This study presents insights into the factors affecting public transport (PT) preferences and potential modal shifts within various modes of PT when proactive and reactive health control measures are implemented. An online stated preference survey was conducted in Hong Kong, where public buses, public light buses, MTR, and taxis are the popular modes of public transport. The regret-based panel mixed multinomial logit model was applied in this study, aiming to capture individual’s regret aversion psychology in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of our random regret model suggest that travelers generally have lower regrets for the chosen mode when having passenger temperature screening, COVID tracing app, and more frequent disinfection, while seem to be unaware of the in-vehicle air quality. Interaction effects between health control measures and personal characteristics (e.g., age and risk attitudes) were also considered. Trip characteristics, including in-vehicle crowding level, fares, in-vehicle travel time, waiting time at a station, walking time, and trip purpose, were found to influence passengers' choices of travel modes. Policy simulations of possible changes in public transport modal preferences in the presence of various health control measures have also been undertaken. The findings suggest that overall health control measures are appreciated by passengers and do align with promotion of a return to public transport use. However, their effects are quite moderate and should be selectively used for different transport modes. Increasing service frequency can be a promising solution, which reduces crowding and waiting time of passengers using public transport modes, and reduces virus transmission risk. This study contributes to a better understanding of public acceptance and preference toward health control measures in public transport, and call for in-depth cost-benefit analysis in the related fields so that better response can be made in possible future public health crisis.

Analysis and Improvement of Machine Learning Models for Detecting Street Lighting Lamps

The Brazilian public lighting network is maintained by city halls. To bill the energy provided to city halls, energy distribution companies should maintain an updated database of network poles, their lamp types, and wattages. However, it is common to encounter issues with misinformation, where the company is not notified about changes in the public lighting network by city halls and cannot update its database appropriately. To mitigate commercial losses, companies have resorted to sending teams for manual infrastructure checks, which is an expensive, time-consuming, and unreliable process. In this regard, this work aims to optimize the models proposed in the literature capable of accurately classifying the type and wattage of lamps on public lighting poles based on data collected from radiometric sensors and a professional camera. Data is processed using traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, along with more sophisticated validation techniques such as data transformation and hyperparameter optimization to achieve improved results. Based on this methodology, the results demonstrate that models employing more robust algorithms (Support Vector Machine, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron) can attain a final average accuracy of 80-86%. This confirms the usefulness of this methodology as an alternative solution to address the issue of public lighting billing.

Urban public lighting classification method and analysis of energy and environmental effects based on SDGSAT-1 glimmer imager data

Urban lighting system is an important part of urban space service functions. With the continuous advancement of sustainable development goals, governments of various countries are gradually paying attention to the energy, social, economic and environmental benefits of urban lighting systems, and promote the use of LED lighting to replace HPS lamp lighting to save urban energy consumption. In this study, we used the glimmer imager data of SDGSAT-1 launched in 2021, combined with the streetlight dataset of the District of Columbia, to establish a classification model for distinguishing LED lights from HPS lamps, with an overall recognition accuracy of 80.3% and the kappa coefficient is 0.603. Based on this model, we identify light types in the central cities of China’s three urban agglomerations: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, and describe their lighting composition and spatial distribution patterns. Additionally, we make a preliminary estimate of the money and electricity consumption saved by lighting renovations, and analyzed the impact of urban lighting changes on public perception. This study combines SDGSAT-1 data to propose a training model in urban lighting classification and applies it to a wide range of urban, the results of which help to provide data to support the implementation of SDG7.

Advances in Hole Transport Materials for Layered Casting Solar Cells.

Huge energy consumption and running out of fossil fuels has led to the advancement of renewable sources of power, including solar, wind, and tide. Among them, solar cells have been well developed with the significant achievement of silicon solar panels, which are popularly used as windows, rooftops, public lights, etc. In order to advance the application of solar cells, a flexible type is highly required, such as layered casting solar cells (LCSCs). Organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), or dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs) are promising LCSCs for broadening the application of solar energy to many types of surfaces. LCSCs would be cost-effective, enable large-scale production, are highly efficient, and stable. Each layer of an LCSC is important for building the complete structure of a solar cell. Within the cell structure (active material, charge carrier transport layer, electrodes), hole transport layers (HTLs) play an important role in transporting holes to the anode. Recently, diverse HTLs from inorganic, organic, and organometallic materials have emerged to have a great impact on the stability, lifetime, and performance of OSC, PSC, or DSSC devices. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of inorganic, organic, and organometallic HTLs for solar cells. Perspectives and challenges for HTL development and improvement are also highlighted.

REHABILITASI DAN PEMELIHARAAN PERLENGKAPAN JALAN DALAM HAL PEMETAAN SEBARAN PANEL KWH METER LAMPU PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM DI WILAYAH DESA MUNGGU

The importance of understanding activity procedures and data accuracy in the form of making maps that can provide convenience in studying an area. The aim is to train and broaden the horizons of students in developing creativity and problem solving, understanding an official administrative process and validating assets ownership of kwh meter public street lighting panels in the form of maps. With the observation method, surveys in order to understand information about the description of procedures for procurement and installation of street equipment and other strategic places, rehabilitation / maintenance, procurement of materials / components, and flowcharts for repairing public street lighting. Making a map with the Arcgis application, producing a map of the distribution of kwh meter panels for public street lighting lamps in the munggu village area, mengwi sub-district, badung district.