Lifting Equipment Research Articles

Modeling of the technology of loading and unloading of perishable goods in a seaport

The handling and safety of perishable goods are key tasks in seaport operations. Perishable goods are primarily transported using specialized vehicles or insulated containers designed to maintain a specific temperature regime. These goods include seafood delivered to ports by ships equipped with refrigeration systems. Schedules are developed for processing refrigerated vessels, specifying timeframes for loading and unloading operations based on available lifting and transport equipment as well as vehicles for transporting seafood to storage facilities or consumers. The fleet of lifting and transport equipment significantly influences port operation schemes, cargo turnover, technological process costs, port throughput capacity, and warehouse storage capacity. Automation in lifting and transport equipment partially eliminates human factors from technological processes, thereby improving efficiency but potentially reducing vehicle handling speed. Modeling serves as an effective method for identifying problem areas. Prolonged loading and unloading times beyond scheduled limits or extended exposure of seafood on docks—particularly during summer—adversely impact quality characteristics; thus, minimizing outdoor exposure time is crucial. During modeling of loading and unloading technologies, specific technological operations affecting perishable goods' quality characteristics were identified. Petri nets were employed to simulate these technological processes. The analysis of simulation results revealed not only problem areas but also conflict situations that can be addressed through situational management and adjustments in loading/unloading technologies. Vehicle processing efficiency—apart from that influenced by lifting and transport equipment—is managed via an information system that ensures timely data processing, directly impacting decision-making speed in conflict scenarios.

Features of infiltration water intakes operation (on example of the Mokhovsky groundwater deposit in the Republic of Khakassia)

Relevance. The work is devoted to the study of the features of infiltration intakes operation in conditions of variability of groundwater supply. The paper considers the issues of the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the nutrition of the operational aquifer of the Mokhovsky groundwater deposit. The intake is characterized by a mixed nutrition due to the formation of attracted resources from the Krasnoyarsk reservoir and from the underlying horizon of the Upper Devonian sediments. The dynamic balance between the sources of attracted resources is determined both by the productivity of wells and the changing distance of the reservoir coastline (feeding boundary) from the water intake wells. A consequence of balance redistribution in favor of deep nutrition is a change in the chemical composition of groundwater, which leads to an excess of the maximum permissible concentration in terms of total mineralization and hardness. The analysis of hydrogeological conditions makes it possible to assess the variability of groundwater composition under the influence of dynamically changing supply conditions of an operational aquifer. Aim. Quantification of influence of boundary conditions on the Mokhovsky productive horizon during replenishment of groundwater reserves; predictive modeling of the intake operation with variability in reservoir surface water levels; assessment of changes in groundwater composition under the influence of incoming waters from Devonian sediments and forecast of the deposition of secondary minerals on water lifting equipment based on the assessment of mineral equilibria. Methods. Decoding satellite images, hydrodynamic modeling, hydrogeochemical calculations with subsequent comparison of forecast results with real data from routine observations. Results and conclusions. It is shown that the decryption of multi-zone satellite images makes it possible to control the reservoir level regime and assess its impact on groundwater supply conditions due to surface sources. The results of the proposed forecasting scheme make it possible to assess the effectiveness of regulating the reservoir level regime due to the operation of hydroelectric power plants and identify the size of the supply zones of infiltration intakes. It is demonstrated that remotely obtained data can be used to substantiate the necessary sizes of finite-difference grids of hydrodynamic models. The results of numerical simulation of water intake operation in the Processing Modflow PC environment show the dynamics of changes in levels in the operational aquifer with changes in the reservoir surface water level. Evolution of the composition of the waters of the productive horizon was revealed under the influence of their mixing with the surface waters of the reservoir and the groundwater of the Upper Devonian sediments below, and the probability of the formation of secondary minerals on the water lifting equipment was estimated using the HydroGeo software.

Определение параметров ролика динамического торможения гравитационного стеллажа для паллет

The use of a block storage system and optimization of picking routes in warehouses reduces the costs of basic logistics operations. Equipping warehouses with racks with a gravity roller conveyor ensures a more compact arrangement of products in comparison with other types of racks, reduces the routes of pickers and automated lifting equipment. For the safe operation of the gravity roller rack, it is necessary to use brake roll-ers that limit the speed of the pallet within acceptable limits and prevent damage to the rack or cargo from excessive dynamic loads. The paper considers the devel-oped design of a dynamic braking roller, in the shell of which, through a multiplier, the engine perceives the driving torque driven by the weight of the pallet and generates a balancing electromagnetic braking torque. A technique has been developed and an expression has been obtained for selecting an engine based on its mechanical characteristics, satisfying the conditions of safe operation of the rack and taking into account the design limitations of the gravity conveyor. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the electrical parameters of the engine necessary for the analysis of the mathematical model of the movement of the pallet on the gravity rack. The calculated and experimentally obtained dependences of pallet velocity on its mass are compared. Ranges of multiplier gear ratios, additional resistances, and slope of the web of a gravity roller conveyor are proposed for the most efficient operation of a rack with pallets weighing from 250 to 1.500 kg.

Effective use of high-strength S690 steel in construction

With advances in metallurgy and steel-making technology, structural steel with yield strengths up to 690N/mm2 is produced regularly in many modern steel mills in different countries, such as China, France, Germany, India and Japan. The yield strength of S690 steel is almost twice that of the commonly used structural S355 steel. High-strength steels are used in a wide range of structures, such as heavy-duty lifting equipment in mines and ports, frames and members in wind turbines, as well as container trailers and passenger trains. Use of high-strength steels is highly advantageous for these moving structures because they can carry increased payloads and hence use less energy during operation. For civil engineering and building structures, the use of S690 steel allows a significant reduction in the self-weight of a structure and also a reduction in the loads to be imposed on supporting structures and foundations. In recent years, the cost per tonne of S690 steel in many parts of the world has decreased steadily, which has improved its competitive position with respect to S355 steel. In China, the unit cost of S690 steel has varied typically from 1.25 to 1.35 times that of S355 steel over the past five years. It may be argued that owing to the increased strength of S690 steel, only half of the steel tonnages are needed, compared with S355 steel. Hence, the steel material cost becomes roughly 1.3 times 0.5, or 0.65, of that of S355 steel, leading to a significant saving in material costs. Research work on mechanical properties and structural behaviour of welded sections made from S690 steel conducted at the Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Steel Construction (Hong Kong Branch) has shown that provided the welding processes are properly controlled, it is possible to minimise or even eliminate any reduction in strength and ductility which might occur due to microstructural change. Extensive research and development work have also been conducted to promote application of high-strength steel for construction. A steel bridge with two arches using 4400 tonnes of S690 steel in Hong Kong, and a steel bridge with mega trusses using 1625 tonnes of Q690 steel in Macau are briefly described. In addition, the initiative of the Development Bureau of the Government of Hong Kong SAR in promoting the use of high-strength S690 steel is highlighted.

The Secondary Lifting Performance of Crawler Crane Under Delay Coefficient Control Strategy

Crawler cranes are mobile lifting equipment used in the process of hoisting goods. After the initial lifting, the crane may need a secondary lift due to adjustments in the position or height of the load. Addressing the common issue of load slipping during the secondary lift caused by hydraulic motor reversal, this study proposes a control strategy applicable to crawler crane secondary lifting. Initially establishing the dynamic characteristics of the secondary lift system, incorporating a delay coefficient, and matching motor pressure build-up with memory pressure, the strategy considers a variable pump input current control to identify the relationship between motor pressure build-up and brake release. Analyzing the dynamic characteristics of secondary lifting under different conditions, this study resolves the issue of hydraulic motor reversal during the second lift caused by heavy loads. The results of this study on crawler crane secondary lifting indicate that, when using a delay coefficient of 0.70 and releasing the brake, no slip phenomenon occurred during the secondary lift process under different load conditions, categorized as 200 tons, 600 tons, and 1000 tons. This ensures the stability and transition quality of the secondary lift, providing theoretical guidance for the control of the crawler crane secondary lifting.

Assessing Engineering Art Heritage: Historical Lifting Devices in Poland

ABSTRACT Technical heritage, such as machinery, requires a different perspective than traditionally understood works of art. To protect the most valuable of them, heritage conservation offices need to find an answer to questions such as which ones should be protected, why these precisely, and to what extent? A procedure designed to assist heritage conservation authorities in making informed decisions and which serves to rationalize the conservation decision is the valuation of monuments. The analysis of the methods presented in the literature shows that there is still a need to address the issues related to engineering heritage, particularly devices, machines, and vehicles, whose conservation should encompass operational methods and operational properties. The research here aimed to develop the method of valuing historical lifting equipment, objectivize the assessment of heritage value represented by the examined devices, and research the possibility of their universalization to protect the heritage of engineering art.

Analysis and Research on the Load Braking Process and Motion Posture Characteristics of Crane Lifting Equipment

In the process of lifting heavy objects with cranes, the shortcomings of current conventional detection methods were analyzed in terms of applicability, safety, and reliability. In response to the safety risks associated with the braking process and motion posture characteristics of crane lifting equipment, this paper proposes a method for detecting the braking process and motion posture of crane lifting equipment. By collecting data on the braking process and motion posture, and using Kalman filtering method for filtering and fusion, accurate data can be obtained; Analyze the waveform characteristics of experimental data and integrate them in the time domain to calculate the value of brake sliding displacement has improved the accuracy and efficiency of detection results and reduced detection costs. These analysis features and calculation results provide strong support for the comprehensive evaluation of the braking performance of cranes, which helps to promote the standardization of operation and improve overall operational safety, and ensure the safe use of lifting machinery and equipment.

Forklift Design Integrated Speed Limiter and Position Tracking Through IoT-Based Website

Forklifts, as lifting and transportation equipment, play a crucial role in logistics. However, forklift operators often chase targets, pushing the forklift to perform at higher speeds. Operating a forklift at high speeds not only poses potential dangers to the working conditions but can also lead to a decrease in forklift performance. Operators do not ensure the forklift is running according to procedures due to a lack of supervision. In response to this issue, the author proposes an innovation in the form of a monitoring device capable of recording speed violations committed by operators. With the planned device, it is expected that forklift operators will exercise more caution and take greater responsibility when operating the forklift. The objective of this research is to reduce the likelihood of accidents and forklift damage due to improper use. The study produces a forklift design equipped with supporting components for the implementation of the device and a website as a monitoring platform for forklift operators and workers, providing real-time access to collected data. This system enhances operational safety in operating forklifts. The research significantly contributes to the development of safer and smarter forklift technology, aligning with strict demands for safety standards and risk management in industrial environments.

Enhancing Worker Safety Behaviors Through Proactive Interventions in the Lifting and Transport Equipment Industry

Unsafe worker behavior remains a prevalent issue leading to workplace accidents, particularly within companies specializing in services for head truck operations, maintenance, and lifting equipment. This study aims to enhance worker safety behaviors through proactive interventions utilizing behavioral observation and intervention (BO&I). Additionally, trend analysis is employed to predict the impact of interventions on worker safety behaviors. Mechanical workers involved in lifting and transport equipment operations are surveyed as respondents. The findings reveal a notable increase in the percentage of safe behaviors post-intervention compared to pre-intervention levels. Moreover, disparities in worker safety behaviors between pre- and post-intervention stages are identified, particularly in work stages associated with a high frequency of accidents. Trend analysis forecasts that the maximum percentage of safe worker behavior will be observed at the 91st intervention. Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis indicates that variables such as age, tenure, utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE), and education significantly influence worker behaviors.

Investigation of some issues of automation of elements of terminal complexes for transshipment of large-capacity containers

The topic of the work is the study of the reasons for increasing the efficiency of the use of marine container transportation in the entire supply chain. It is noted that the increase in their efficiency is explained by the possibility of transporting various types of cargo, the speed of handling vehicles, as well as the compactness of storage and safety of cargo. The problem of increasing ship capacity on the terms of shipping companies, which currently exists and is being solved by container terminal operators, has been formulated, which allows minimizing the time of ships parking in the port for processing, which in turn can be achieved by increasing the capacity of ships. Attention is drawn to the fact that reducing costs by increasing the efficiency of lifting and transport equipment stimulates investments in automation systems for almost all terminal operations, and in particular in lifting and transport equipment systems. It is emphasized that the automation process of container terminals differs depending on the task at hand (a new project is being considered or work is being carried out to automate an existing terminal). The implementation of automation at existing terminals is a more difficult task due to the problems of compatibility with the types of activities performed and resistance to ongoing changes, which primarily involve systematic and repetitive technological processes that can be programmed. Attention is drawn to the fact that container terminals use the latest operating systems to control and optimize the movement of containers inside the warehouse area (in particular, they are used at terminals where gantry cranes on a pneumatic (RTG) and on a rail (RMG) are used), and it is also emphasized that when working with RTG technology gantry cranes on a pneumatic vehicle are equipped with sensors connected to satellite positioning systems, which are located on the terminal area and on wheeled carts and are brought to the place of cargo operation by signals from the control room, at the same time, the dock operator controls only when lowering or lifting the container. Such information systems are also used on terminals operating using RMG technology. It is noted that automation of berthing container cranes is currently under development, since the complexity of its implementation lies in the fact that during pitching the vessel has a roll and a deflector, therefore, when moving it, it is difficult to determine the exact location of the container and the alignment of the spreader horizon with the container horizon, as a result, the guidance process? It requires additional time, which leads to a decrease in work productivity.

Efficient analysis and evaluation method for overall lifting of large-span spatial grid structures

Efficient analysis and evaluation method for overall lifting of large-span spatial grid structures

Enhancing Employee Retention through Ergonomic Practices: Examining the Moderating Effect of Work-Life Balance

This study investigates the impact of various ergonomic and workplace factors on employee retention, aiming to understand how organizations can foster a supportive work environment to enhance employee satisfaction and reduce turnover. Using structural equation modeling, the research examines key variables, including workstation design, proper lifting techniques, task rotation, anti-fatigue mats, ergonomic tools and equipment, break scheduling, and work-life balance. The findings reveal that these ergonomic factors significantly influence employee retention, with proper lifting techniques and ergonomic tools showing the strongest positive associations. The analysis demonstrates that employees who experience a supportive ergonomic environment are more likely to stay with their organization, thus emphasizing the importance of these factors in retention strategies. Additionally, work-life balance is shown to moderate the relationship between ergonomic practices and retention, suggesting that employees who feel their organization values their personal well-being are more likely to remain committed. Fit indices, such as the RMSEA, CFI, TLI, SRMR, and GFI, confirm the robustness of the model, indicating a good fit with the observed data. The study’s conclusions highlight the need for organizations to invest in ergonomic improvements and work-life balance initiatives to maintain a stable and productive workforce. While the study offers valuable insights, its limitations include the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and the specific organizational context, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research could expand on these findings by exploring additional variables and conducting longitudinal studies across diverse settings to provide a more comprehensive understanding of employee retention dynamics.

New insights into coarse particle lifting performance of a hydraulic ejector with an ultra-large area ratio

New insights into coarse particle lifting performance of a hydraulic ejector with an ultra-large area ratio

Режими роботи маніпулятора ремонтно-евакуаційної машини

With modern methods of conducting military operations, the system of technical support of the troops is of great importance. One of the ways to increase the effectiveness of the system of technical support of troops is the use of armored repair and evacuation vehicles. It is possible to increase the technical capabilities of armored repair and evacuation vehicles by modernizing existing models, or creating qualitatively new vehicles that take into account the specifics of use and characteristic combat damage of modern weapons and military equipment, the type of engine of the military vehicle, its weight and dimensions and other characteristics. Improvement and modernization of armored repair and evacuation vehicles allows to ensure their effectiveness. Armored repair and evacuation vehicles demonstrate high efficiency when carrying out operations to extract or lift damaged or stuck, blocked, bogged down, sunken military equipment. In these cases, the traction force of the armored recovery vehicle's own engine is used or its own specialized means of evacuation: crane winches, polyspatch systems, crane booms together with power hydraulic cylinders of their drive, levers, other evacuation equipment. Features of the lifting and loading equipment include such modes of operation as lifting loads from a solid surface, detaching the load from a viscous surface, dragging at different angles to the support surface, and getting stuck. The most difficult in terms of dynamic overloads of all elements of the hydraulic manipulator is the mode of partial immersion and dense sticking of the load in clay soil, when after separation from it, the load under the action of the forces of elastic deformations of the suspension flies up to the height of a significant relaxation of the suspension and reaching the upper point, where its speed is zero, falls down on an elastic suspension. At the same time, a three-fold overload of the manipulator links is observed.

Оценка технического состояния портового подъемно-транспортного оборудования (ПТО) с использованием нечеткой логики

В статье предлагаются методы оценки технического состояния портового подъемно-транспортного оборудования (ПТО) в эксплуатационных условиях с использованием математического аппарата теории нечетких множеств. Исследованы способы задания функций принадлежности в нечеткой логике скоростей конвейерной ленты и конвейерных питателей. Графически показана оценка работоспособности конвейерной ленты при нарушении ее скоростного режима по алгоритму нечеткого вывода Мамдани. На основе структурной схема диагностирования ПТО разработана нечеткая модель оценки технического состояния ПТО и алгоритм применения аппарата нечетких множеств как обобщенной модели контроля технического состояния ПТО. Приведен обобщенный алгоритм выбора подходящей модели нечеткого вывода для контроля технического состояния ПТО. Представлена блок-схема алгоритма экспертного оценивания для разработки базы правил системы нечеткого вывода. The article proposes methods for assessing the technical condition of port lifting and transport equipment (LTE) in operational conditions using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets. The methods of setting the membership functions in the fuzzy logic of conveyor belt speeds and conveyor feeders are investigated. Graphically, an assessment of the operability of a conveyor belt in violation of its speed limit is shown using the Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm. Based on the block diagram of the diagnosis of LTE, a fuzzy model for assessing the technical condition of LTE and an algorithm for using the fuzzy sets apparatus as a generalized model for monitoring the technical condition of LTE have been developed. A generalized algorithm for selecting a suitable fuzzy inference model for monitoring the technical condition of the LTE is presented. A flowchart of an expert evaluation algorithm for developing a rule base for a fuzzy inference system is presented.

Use of Artificial Intelligence to Monitor the Reliability of Removable Load-Handling Devices

Introduction. The malfunction of removable load-handling devices (RLHD) poses significant production risks. That is why research in this field is relevant. The problem has often become a topic of scientific investigation. The authors propose using artificial intelligence more extensively to monitor the state of RLHD. This paper presents a study on how to improve the machine vision model to better identify the absence of locks on RLHD hooks. A probable occurrence of such an issue in production is noted. A storage and monitoring system for RLHD condition is proposed. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential for further training of neural networks to significantly enhance the efficiency of RLHD monitoring, ensuring their safe use.Materials and Methods. The work is based on the results of a survey conducted at the LLC “KZ Rostselmash” plant from 2022 to 2023, involving 144 RLHD. Mathematical statistics methods were used to process the data. A neural network model previously trained using the YOLO computer vision algorithm was studied. It was retrained taking into account the norms of the rejection of RLHD, specified in federal rules and standards. Images of RLHD with defects and missing parts were collected from these sources and used to create a training database. The database was expanded by augmentation. The Roboflow platform was used for work.Results. The array of images used for further training of the neural network was divided into three samples: training (88%), validation (8%) and test (4%). These samples were used to train and validate its results. The training was completed after 260 epochs, with a steady increase in accuracy. The neural network model of computer vision obtained in this way automatically detected a common defect in the RLHD hook — the absence of a lock. Its performance was assessed using three indicators: average accuracy (94%), prediction accuracy (88.8%) and response (89.2%). The neural network could receive images from a video camera in real-time and recognize hook defects. During the RLHD inspection at the Rostselmash plant, a grab for lifting engines was found to have all three hooks defective — without locks. To avoid such situations, at the end of work, it was recommended to place the RLHD on a special stand equipped with a microcontroller device that could monitor for a number of potential issues using radio frequency identification.Discussion and Conclusions. The main goal of this proposed solution is to detect and address signs of non-compliance with the established standards. This task can be implemented in facilities that use lifting equipment. In this case, the timely noticed RLHD defects will allow preventing production incidents. As a result, material damage can be reduced and injury statistics improved.

The analysis of the factors influencing the operation of the piston wind in the cage of the hybrid hoisting shaft and the simulation study of the operation effect

The analysis of the factors influencing the operation of the piston wind in the cage of the hybrid hoisting shaft and the simulation study of the operation effect

Heavy Blimp-Based Simulation Research of Integral Tower Technology

The power industry is the primary energy through the power generation equipment into electricity, and then through the transmission, transformation and distribution system to supply users as energy as the industrial sector, for the industrial and national economy and other sectors to provide basic power, is the first sector of national economic development[1]. As an important link to ensure the normal operation of the power industry, the importance of the power transmission system is self-evident[2]. The transmission tower, as the cornerstone to ensure the normal operation of the transmission system, has a large construction workload and faces problems such as complex construction environment and construction safety risks. Therefore, how to ensure the safe construction of transmission line in complex terrain is of great significance to power system construction. At present, in the construction of transmission tower, the suspension pole group tower and the whole lifting tower are the two main tower construction methods widely used. However, the pylon group tower has a great safety risk[3-4]. The State Grid has been trying to optimise the suspension of the tower. Secondly, due to the inconvenience of transportation, it is difficult for heavy lifting equipment to reach the construction site, which makes it difficult to promote the whole tower scheme using heavy lifting equipment in the mountainous terrain. In addition, the current construction of the tower group lacks scientific calculation and analysis of the force and deformation of the tower and key construction components, and there are hidden dangers such as overload and excessive deformation. Therefore, a new type of tower formation is needed to avoid the risk of personnel working at high altitudes and problems such as the inability of large heavy equipment to reach the construction site in mountainous areas[5]. In this paper, simulation technology is studied against the background of integral tower technology based on airship.

Coupled Vibration Analysis of Multi-Span Continuous Cable Structure Considering Frictional Slip

As important load-bearing structures, suspension cables have been widely used in suspension bridges, engineering ropeways, cable suspension systems and other special equipment. Their dynamic problems have always been a research hotspot. Especially for complex cable systems such as engineering ropeways and cable lifting equipment, there will be moving loads acting on multi-span continuous friction-slip cable structures, resulting in nonlinear coupled vibration. Therefore, few scholars have studied how to calculate the nonlinear coupling vibration effect between such moving loads and multi-span continuous cables considering friction slip. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of the combination of the direct stiffness method and the Newmark-β integration method to solve the nonlinear system of equations of motion, which can be derived from the coupled vibration response between the moving load and the main cable. The corresponding calculation program is prepared. Combined with the dynamic load test and simulation results of engineering cases, the correctness and reasonableness of the coupled vibration equations and the program can be verified through comparative analysis. The results show that the calculation results of the self-programmed program are in good agreement with the dynamic load test results, in which the maximum error of the vertical displacement in the span is −4.40% and 0.86%, and the error of the static calculation reaches −13.90%. The impact effect is more obvious when hoisting the weight out of the pulling cable, in which the impact coefficient of the main cable can be up to 2.0. The impact coefficient of the deviation of the cable tower is 4.0. During the traveling process of the moving load, the vertical downward deflection of the main cable at the action point is the largest, and the upward deflection is in the region of 0.2~0.8L from the action point.

Теоретические и практические основы применения грузоподъемных приспособлений при монтаже оборудования на животноводческих фермах

The article discusses some aspects of the theory and practice of using lifting devices. In our opinion, they directly influence labor productivity and work safety when installing equipment on livestock farms. The proposed material allows you to choose the right lifting devices for these works. Keywords: LIFTING EQUIPMENT, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, WORK SAFETY, LIVESTOCK FARMS, INSTALLATION WORK, SLING