Life In World Research Articles

On the Semantics of the Title of M. Stepnova’s Novel "The Garden"

The article is devoted to a specific concept based on the material of one of the literary texts of the latest Russian literature. In the novel by M. Stepnova (2019), the concept of “garden” is central and fundamentally important. In the author’s picture of the world of a 21st-century writer, this concept becomes the title of the literary work, conceptually significant in the national picture of the world. In this regard, it was appropriate and logical to analyze the concept, taking into account all the potential inherent in the meaning of the word “garden”, in the broadest sense, especially since “garden” is manifested in many ways in the novel. The concept of “garden” reflects the World of Russian estate life in the 19th and early 20th centuries, captured primarily by L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, and I. A. Bunin. In the literary text of M. Stepnova, the concept of “garden” is presented as a hero, a book, a text, Eden, and is both an image and a symbol. In addition, the concept of “garden” in the context of the novel acquires additional connotations and meanings, giving rise to new associations invisible at first glance. Thus, the semantics of the name appear multilevel because it includes both Western European traditional and nationally determined ideas, which is proved in this study.

THE VARIETY OF «POSSIBLE WORLDS» AS THE MAIN SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF MODERN YOUTH SOCIALIZATION

Centre for System Analysis and Strategic Research, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus The article deals with the actual problem of socialization of modern youth from the point of view of such a socio-psychological feature as the presence of «possible worlds» affecting young people.The life world of a modern young person is formed in the conditions of the existing variety of «possible worlds», each of which has one or another influence on the socialization of young people. The purpose of the study is to build the initial typology of such «possible worlds». The author of the article gives numerous interpretations of scientists from various fields of knowledge about the artistic world, the external and internal worlds, about the virtual and real, about the world of models and simulacra, and many others. A multidimensional picture of the worlds surrounding modern youth is being created and providing ample opportunities for the realization of creative abilities, the accumulation of knowledge, the mastery of various skills and abilities, the formation of competencies. The socio-psychological conditions of socialization provided by modernity are designed to create a versatile, creative personality capable of adapting to the rapidly changing conditions of modern society.

Integrity, Structurality and Functionality of Everyday Practices of Scientific Mentoring as a Subject of Micro-sociological Analysis

Scientific mentoring at universities can be viewed not only as a scientific and educational institution, but also as a sphere and method of face-to-face interaction, in the process of which the meanings and motivation of the mentor’s and mentee’s research activities are born. Such an approach towards studying scientific mentoring is justified by sociological concepts of everyday life, but their key provisions require adaptation to the problems of scientific mentoring. The idea of science as the everyday life world of university researchers is revealed through a micro-sociological perspective. The interaction of a scientific mentor and a mentee student is interpreted as an element of their life world and is examined through this interaction manifesting in everyday academic activities. The purpose of the article is to examine the integrity, structure (routine actions, the objective world, language, space and time, rituals, signs and symbols, informal traditions) and functionality of everyday practices of scientific mentoring through the prism of sociological concepts of everyday life. A thesis is substantiated that everyday practices of interaction between a scientific mentor and mentee are a way of building and intergenerational translation of the meaning of research work and choice of academic profession.

Topology of Ethos: Anthropology Study of the Phenomenon of Home

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to consider the phenomenon of the Home in the philosophical and anthropological aspect, to show the prospects of studying the topology of human existence in the form of the immediate environment and everyday practices, set through ethos as an immanent norm of human existence. To do this, an attempt is made to define the boundaries of the Home as a space of human self-sufficiency, and ethos as a condition for the possibility of understanding communication and connection between the individual and their external environment, which allows us to return to the conceptual consideration of the ultimate foundations of human existence.Methodology and sources. An attempt is made on the basis of a critical analysis of nonclassical and post-classical philosophy (phenomenology, existentialism, structuralism) to consider the process of deconstruction of the foundations of human existence. Based on such concepts as the “Lebenswelt” by E. Husserl, “Dasein” by M. Heidegger, studies of the space of human existence by M. Merleau-Ponty and U. Eko, and definitions of the ethos by P. Bourdieu, the main boundaries of the phenomenon of the Home are determined, which is introduced into the discourse of philosophical anthropology.Results and discussion. The phenomenon of the Home, considered in the anthropological aspect, allows us to interpret the goal of the civilization development process as the “domestication” of being, the construction of an “inhabited world”, in which an individual gets the opportunity to realize their existence in an event with “his others”. The life world is formed as a constant movement of the inhabitants of the home, their active, understanding communication within the boundaries of a common space and a common way of life, its forms and rules, that is, a common ethos.Conclusion. As a condition of the human way of being and its ultimate basis, can be considered Home as a community of I and “its others”, having its own topology, the relationship between which is set by a unique ethos.

Think with the virus

This essay proposes that analyses of the pandemic caused by Covid-19 can be clarified by reflections from the field of anthropology over recent decades regarding the plural effects of the interaction between human and non-human animals. These human–nonhuman relationships are intimate and unpredictable; between entities whose agency and modes of existence are not always precisely identifiable. Our contention is that ‘more than human’ perspective, as a relational marker, expresses a counterpoint defined by interspecific alterities that we humans establish with certain animal species. Furthermore, these relationships are configured as a ‘category-metaphor’ enabling us to perceive the multiple and complex ways in which we compose our lives in relation to the ‘nature’ of everything around us. We argue that events such as the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 have a reflective potential that can draw the attention of those who do Animal Studies to these relations. We highlight the limiting effects of a narrowly defined (‘absolutely animal’) disciplinary rhetoric, when instead we need to formulate meaningful responses to the consequences of our relationships with other beings. We address the valorization of relations between humans and non-humans in their vital contexts; that is, what is necessary and available to survive. They consider the access and utilization of available resources, and how they are unequal around the world. Our anthropological perspective asks what it means to simultaneously address issues of power and marginality in the face of capitalism and globalization, to consider humans and non-humans as companion species, and to take the benefits offered by anthropology learned from the lived world, without separating it from politics and history.

Quality of Work Life of Nurses in a Government Hospital, Nepal

Background and Objectives: Work is an integral part of life where employees spend about one third of their entire life in workplace, thus working environment must be favorable. When the quality of work-life is stable, productivity is bound to increase. It seeks to benefit employees, their families, and the organization as well. The objective of the study is to identify the quality of work life of nurses working in Bharatpur hospital, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The total number of 84 nurses from Bharatpur Hospital were purposively selected. Non-probability convenience sampling techniques was used to select a nurse working in Bharatpur Government hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan having maximum of 6 months job experience. Data were collected using standardized Brooks’ Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey tool. Data analyzed using the statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 20.0. Inferential statistic was used to measure the association between quality of life of nurse and selected variables. Results: The study revealed that overall Quality of Work life were moderate (79.8%) of respondents. The findings on dimension wise Quality of Work Life of nurses were 83.3%, 67.3% and 65.5% of respondents had moderate level of quality in work design, home life/ work life and work world dimension respectively, while 57.1% of respondents had high level of quality of work life of nurses in work context dimension. The Quality of Work Life of nurses was associated with level of education (X2 =11.027, p= 0.004). Conclusion: The majority of nurse had moderate level quality of work life. The authorities in the health care system should develop strategies for improving the nurses work conditions and their quality of work life so that, nurses will be able to perform quality care for their patients.

Chewing gum in the life world of soviet children in the 1960s-80s (reconstruction based on modern memories)

Among the few niches left by isolated but fundamental studies of chewing gum in the everyday life of Soviet children (works by K. A. Bogdanov, V. V. Golovin, A.V. Kudryashev), ideas about the specific role of this confectionery product, depending on the child’s place of residence, his gender and social environment, deserve special attention. An attempt to clarify the boundaries of the application of the fetishization construct to the interpretation of the role of chewing gum in the life world of a Soviet child was carried out on the basis of 50 semi-structured narrative-oriented interviews conducted in Kostroma, Krasnodar, Moscow, Ryazan in 2020, and memoirs about childhood in the USSR by six authors. The results of the study confirm the exceptional subjective significance of chewing gum, its functioning as an object of commodity exchange. At the same time, there is a more widespread practice of gratuitous donation of this confectionery by children. Adventurous practices of criminal acquisition of delicacies in the 1960s-70s were localized in the cities becoming the centers of international tourism and seaports of the USSR; in Moscow, teenage boys who already had a marginal status were involved in these practices. A significant part of Moscow schoolchildren distanced themselves from adventurous entrepreneurship out of conviction or out of fear. For children who lived far from the territories covered by international communications, fetishization was significantly limited by the unavailability of chewing gum - the lack of children’s ability to purchase it independently.

Biological Precursors of Ethics and Religion. Antonio Damasio and the Homeostatic Imperative

The biological individual and the precursors of ethical-religious action: The most recent reflections in the field of biology and the philosophy of biology have highlighted how complex and little obvious is the idea of a personal, individual identity in the world of life. On one hand, having lost a geno-centric reading, life, right from its first manifestations (bacterial, cellular), appears endowed with subjectivity, which is expressed in multiple and increasingly complex forms; on the other hand, the individual man appears to be the result of the interweaving of several living forms. Using the reflections of Antonio Damasio, the article will try to understand the “precursors” of man’s ethical and religious action – that is, all those biological premises, such as strategies of cooperation and altruism, which emerge as preconditions for a human life. On the other hand, to understand the discontinuities and the specificity of man’s advanced and personal action, which are expressed in cultural life, artificial in general and particularly in ethical and religious interiority.

An exploration of African-student agency: Placing students from historically disadvantaged communities at the centre

At the national universities within South Africa, various events during the past years indicate that students suffer under different kinds of oppression. It is widely acknowledged that students from poor, rural geographical areas find the university space alienating and not speaking to their life worlds. In this paper I respond to Fataar’s (2019) notion of the “misrecognised” university student in the South African context. My focus on students coming from historically disadvantaged communities aims to contribute to ongoing debates about social justice for students in the university sector. The problem to be addressed in this paper is the misalignment between the critical horizontal knowledge ofhistorically disadvantaged students and the knowledge codes of the university relating to learning, curriculum, and pedagogical practices. I therefore argue that if university institutional practices recognise, embrace, and align with students’ agency, resilience and adaption, a reframed institutional platform could engage students in their intellectual becoming. Furthermore, I am guided by two questions: 1) How can students from historically disadvantaged communities use their critical horizontal knowledges to connect with disciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge of the university to enhance critical specialised consciousness in the becoming of ethical humans? and 2) How can an African theorisation of student agency form the basis to consciously reframe the core institutional function of the university? In responding to these questions, I locate my arguments in African-student agency, reviewing literature by African scholars to gain an understanding of the African concept of student agency.

ART OF TEKE AND WOMAN IDEOLOGY IN THE NGADA HERITAGE, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

The art of teke, which is a part of the Ngadha people's traditional cultural practices, is the material object of this investigation. The formal object concerns the axiology of women's ideology and its existence. What feminist philosophy is expressed in the teke cultural heritage is the central question of this cultural study. This study explores cultural codes based on traditional Ngada hermeneutics in order to analyze the data through qualitative research methods. The research findings offer a fresh perspective on the distinctiveness of the ine weta ideology, which is a set of beliefs about women specific to the matriarchal Ngadha cultural tradition. More than that, ine weta's ideology actually celebrates gender equality through the joy of dance, poetry, and song. This ideology in the art of teke hermeneutics is a variant of the familial ideology, which must be built and purified through teachings, actions, and celebrations in the light of mesu mora (‘charity love’) harmoniously, closely, roundly, and beautifully in the world of life. The conclusion of this writing is that the authors undertake a cultural study in order to contribute to the discussion of women’s equality by proposing one category of woman ideology found in the matriarchal culture of Ngada, namely, the ideology of ine weta (‘mother-sister’) as a variant of familial ideology uncovered in the art of teke.

Domestic colonisation: The centrality of the home in experiences of home‐takeovers and hate relationships

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the concept of ‘domestic colonisation’ as a contribution to the literature on critical geographies of home. This provides a lens to focus on the ways in which domestic spaces might be exploited and/or dominated though familiar relationships. With reference to two research projects in North East England, we explore everyday occupations and sieges of home‐spaces by neighbours as a means of reinforcing positions of relative social advantage. We show how these experiences become overwhelming through the intrusion of home‐spaces and (with it) the life worlds of already structurally vulnerable(ised) communities. Domestic colonisation allows us to think through both the damage done through/to the home and connections beyond those spaces. To do this we focus on ‘home takeovers’ (or ‘cuckooing’) and ‘hate relationships’. Our work on cuckooing shows how the occupation and control of the home by those who re‐produce and seize upon structurally vulnerable(ised) people, is a process which re‐configures the home as an exploitable resource. Understandings of home and intimate social relationships as ‘private’, combined with complexities regarding culpability, conceal the damage done in contexts of diminished social infrastructure. With reference to our work on hate relationships, we outline how homes are a means of identifying and targeting those who become subjected to a range of hateful acts. This produces everyday spaces of siege and entrapment that control, immobilise and are difficult to escape. Formal interventions are unable to adequately support those victimised through lack of recognition, misrecognition as atomised disputes and a tendency to (re)move those victimised. We end by questioning how we might better address the needs of those subjected to such harms, with an emphasis on the relational production of the home.

Peran Al-Quran Sebagai Sumber Ilmu Pengetahuan: Kajian Interdisipliner

The Quran, the holy book of Islam, has long been the focus of attention in the context of religion and spirituality. However, in recent decades, interest in the Quran as a potential source of science has increased. Previous studies have shown that the Quran contains knowledge relevant to various fields of modern science. This study aims to investigate the role of the Quran as a source of science in an interdisciplinary context. The main objective of this study is to analyze and identify elements in the Quran that have relevance in the development of modern science. In addition, this study also aims to understand how the Quran can make a positive contribution in expanding our understanding of the world and various aspects of life. This research uses an interdisciplinary method of analyzing Quranic texts. The author examines various Quranic verses related to scientific concepts and then compares them with recent scientific findings in various fields such as natural science, social science, and medical science. The results show that the Quran contains many verses that are relevant to recent scientific discoveries. Examples include descriptions of the creation of the universe, human development, and ethical principles relevant in science. The findings support the argument that the Quran can be considered a valuable source of science and can help enrich our understanding of the world we live in. This research has significant implications in supporting the dialogue between religion and science, as well as opening up the potential for closer collaboration between religious scholars and scientists in the exploration of science and spirituality.

Study of Moderation Verses in the Perspective of Nusantara Tafsir

This study provides an understanding and interpretation of the verses of moderation in the opinion of the commentator or commentator in the archipelago. The Qur’an is not a final product, it is necessary to carry out the activities of intellectual diligence in the form of “interpretation” because the lip of the Qur’an cures me all my time to eat. Social interaction as the basic capital and characteristics of the social humanity of Muslims through understanding the verses contained in the Qur’an is a solution to the hope of divine pleasure and the achievement of correct understanding. The difference is the flavor of understanding, because some interpretations of the verses of the Qur’an tend not to be moderate in interpretation. As a moderate Muslim discussing verses of moderation, he will generate a moderate character in personality and personality that mediates the two tensions in the epistemology of interpretation between the text and the liberal. ntolerant beliefs and attitudes in the world and views of life began to emerge at the primary and secondary levels. The emergence of intolerance in religion as one of the factors is the lack of understanding and practice on the largest possible scale in the content, meaning, and context of the Qur’an itself and in matters related to the interpretation of the verses of moderation and moderation.

THE FRAME-SLOT MODEL OF THE CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION ON THE BASIS OF MOTIVATIONAL SPEECHES BY PUBLIC FIGURES

This article introduces the outcomes of the conceptual analysis of motivational speeches delivered by prominent public figures, obtained by means of the UAM Corpus Tool – a cutting-edge software renowned for conducting both automated and manual text annotations. Furthermore, the study is enhanced by a conceptual metaphor analysis, revealing that ontological and structural components are the predominant and efficacious elements in constructing a frame-slot model. In accordance with Minsky’s theoretical framework, the frame-slot model consists of the main concept, and frames as complex structures, resembling multi-layered networks. It is figured out that these intricate structures are formed by slots and subplots [17]. Accordingly, the concept of MOTIVATION comprises a combination of frames reflecting embodied speakers’ experiences such as A LIVING BEING, DIFFICULTIES, PURPOSE, MATERIAL OBJECT, STATE, COGNITION, MOVEMENT, INSPIRATION, LIFE, WORLD, EDUCATION, and LANGUAGE. These components collectively serve as a comprehensive reflection of the perceptual paradigms employed by the selected public speakers, whose speeches serve as the primary corpus for this research. Consequently, the corpus comprises 20 speeches delivered by eminent male and female public figures, featuring Michelle Obama, Oprah Winfrey, Madonna, Kamala Harris, Melinda Gates, Angelina Jolie Voight, Arianna Huffington, Condoleezza Rice, Sheryl Sandberg, Hillary Clinton, Warren Buffett, Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Barack Obama, David Beckham, Mark Zuckerberg, Jay Shetty, and Steven Spielberg. This research underscores the significance of conceptual metaphors in understanding how motivational speeches shape our perception of the world and influence our actions. By dissecting the linguistic elements that construct these metaphors, the insights into the strategies employed by public figures to inspire and motivate their audiences are received and elaborated.

A fetus in the world: Physiology, epidemiology, and the making of fetal origins of adult disease

Since the late 1980s, the fetal origins of adult disease, from 2003 developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), has stimulated significant interest in and an efflorescence of research on the long-term effects of the intrauterine environment. From the start, this field has been interdisciplinary, using experimental animal, clinical and epidemiological tools. As the influence of DOHaD on public health and policy expanded, it has drawn criticism for reducing the complex social and physical world of early life to women’s reproductive bodies as drivers of intergenerational ills. This paper explains this narrowing of focus in terms of a formative and consequential exchange between David Barker, the British epidemiologist whose work is credited with establishing the field, and the discipline of fetal physiology. We suggest that fetal physiologists were a crucial constituency of support for Barker’s hypothesis about early life origins of disease. Their collaborations with Barker helped secure and sustain the theory amid considerable controversy. The trajectory of DOHaD and its focus on the maternal body can be understood, we argue, as a consequence of this alliance, which brought together two distinct conceptualizations of the intrauterine environment, one from epidemiology and the other from fetal physiology. Along the way, we trace the histories of these conceptualizations, both of which were products of mid-to-late twentieth century British science, and show how Barker’s early emphasis on social and economic conditions was superseded by a narrower focus on physiological mechanisms acting upon the autonomous fetus.

The objective world of Soviet everydaylife in illustrated books for children of the 1950s and 1960s

The topic of Soviet everyday life is quite popular in the scientific community. The children's publications themselves are still outside the scope of research practices in the field of studying the culture of everyday life. The article analyzes the subject world in the domestic book illustration of the late 1940s-1960s. The aim is to identify markers of the everyday culture of the Soviet city, in particular Leningrad. The boundaries of the study are publications issued during the specified time period and addressed to children and adolescents. The attention was given to books about the life of a Soviet child of the Leningrad branch of Detgiz publishing house. It is established that in the children's illustrated book of the 1940s-1960s, large objects that visually defined the boundaries of everyday life, as well as elementary things for the organization of everyday life, became objects of everyday culture more often. Small interior items that have a decorative function will appear to a greater extent by the 1960s, that is, the conditions and priorities in the formation of the life of a Soviet citizen will change, and a tendency to detail the world of everyday life is formed in the book illustration. In the course of the study, a group of artists was identified who paid great attention to the depiction of everyday objects, but the illustrators did not separately show the belonging of the plot and the created space to a certain locality. They created a collective image of the everyday life of the Soviet country. Therefore, in the book illustration of the late 1940s-1960s in the subject world of Leningrad, it is not yet possible to clearly distinguish the features of the «Leningrad style», but it is possible to reconstruct the daily life of a Soviet citizen

Divine trauma: Schizophrenia and unresolved realities in South India

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between schizophrenia, divine encounters, and therapeutics based on ethnographic research in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Contributing to a long history of single‐subject ethnographies in psychological anthropology, this article narrates the events leading up to the diagnosis and the emerging life worlds post‐diagnosis of an interlocutor I call Dhruv. I depart from symbolic constructions of the divine to an affective divine, a kind of force that enters and alters embodied existence. Following scholars who call for theories that move beyond Western metropolitan epistemologies, I draw upon the Bhagavad Gita, a poetic scripture from the Hindu tradition, as a form of psychological theory to contend how an encounter with the divine might be too much to bear, even traumatic. In doing so, the article offers an alternative entry point to the commonly held assumption of the therapeutic efficacy of divine encounters and religious sites in India.

The potential of chatGPT in digital learning: A Review

Digital education is an activity that monitors developments in the digital world in everyday life. increase literacy, develop critical thinking abilities and skills. Digital education functions as a digital reference for students to guide their learning activities. The aim of this research is to reviewing one of the digital learning resources for students. The research design uses high-quality literature from mature articles. proceedings, which are currently available on Google Scholar for 2019–2022. The research results show that the use of GPT chat as a reference source for learning students' intellectual tasks. Additionally, many GPT Chat user interface issues were also mentioned. In education, this applies to both positive and negative damping contributions. GPT chat is useful for learning, especially as a substitute for one of the digital learning resources for students.

Cultural Crisis, Deteriorating Heritage, and Placemaking: A Study of Rural West Bengal, India

‘Culture’ denotes the co-shared beliefs, values, ethos, norms, lifeworlds, and activities commonly represent nature-culture reciprocity. In several remote areas of India, folk culture still breaths within its age-old life world. Against this backdrop, the southwestern part of West Bengal, also known as ‘Jangal Mahal’ has been studied in the present research. In this area, approximately 40% of the population directly depends on indigenous sources of livelihood, and they belong to tribal communities like Mahato, Kurmi, Lodha, Santal, Bauri, and others. These native people are culturally distinct and are identified through their folksongs and dance forms, such as Tusu, Kirtan, Baul, Bhadu, and folk dances, such as Chhau, Khati, etc. However, urban spaces and citizens’ choices for entertainment have brought about considerable changes in the culture and life of these people. Resultantly, with the increasing pace, deterioration in the heritage and culture of such groups seems to set in. Thus, this study highlights the changing scenarios of cultural crises, deteriorating heritage values, and placemaking. We have followed participatory methods, including field observation, interviews and group discussions. And a door-to-door survey was conducted in the 12 villages of four districts with a semi-structured survey schedule. Sixty troupes were selected for interview and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs). The findings show that values and cultural practices change over time, thereby losing their identity. The placemaking of popular culture results in a deep crisis in livelihood and lifestyle. People are slowly adopting other modes of earning, which further threaten their culture. This study aims to suggest suitable ameliorative measures to preserve the pristine cultural art forms and safeguard livelihood and skill sets.

Between territorialism and feminism: towards new practices of care for life worlds

Among the diverse and intricate social practices that shape a new urban mosaic, woven on dynamics escaping any precise and definitive definition, new patterns of city use are established and consolidated based on the 'vital infrastructure of care', which retrieves the value of a connective tissue transversal to new forms of urbanity, and in which women's activity and experience play a central role at every latitude. Many theories and practices bring together territorialist and feminist reflections. To date, however, these two horizons have often followed parallel routes and rarely met. It would be desirable to open a common path, albeit still with uncertain and non-definitive steps. The article explores some possible research trails that could represent interesting opportunities for cross-fertilisation of knowledge.