Life Of Local Communities Research Articles

Pragmatic Faith and the Tanzanian Lutheran Church: Bishop Erasto N. Kweka's Life and Work by Amy Stambach and Aikande Kwayu

Reviewed by: Pragmatic Faith and the Tanzanian Lutheran Church: Bishop Erasto N. Kweka's Life and Work by Amy Stambach and Aikande Kwayu Gaylan Mathiesen Pragmatic Faith and the Tanzanian Lutheran Church: Bishop Erasto N. Kweka's Life and Work. By Amy Stambach and Aikande Kwayu. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2020. 150 pp. Both authors of this book are at the University of Wisconsin-Madison—Kwayu an honorary research fellow in the Department of Anthropology and Stambach the Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of Anthropology and faculty affiliate of the African Studies program. Their subject matter for this timely study is how a post-colonial church body in Africa managed to maintain independence and integrity, while holding an increasingly authoritarian state accountable to standards of justice and human rights. The authors tackle their subject through a biographical study of the life and work of the celebrated Bishop Erasto N. Kweka, who for over forty years led the Northern Lutheran Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (ELCT) through his country's transition from colonialism to independence under a fledgling socialist government. Going beyond customary analyses of colonialism and Pentecostalism, their investigation provides the reader with unique and valuable insight into African religious life by examining the inseparability of Lutheran Christianity with everyday life in local communities, and the integration of doctrinal faith with worldly power. Key components in their analyses are the Lutheran doctrine of vocation, and what the authors call a "pragmatic faith." The first chapter is a detailed introduction to the anthropological foci and methods the authors used. One questionable feature surfaces in their explanations of certain tenets of Lutheran theology, which will at times sound foreign to Lutheran ears. For example, as non-Lutherans often do, they mistakenly ascribe to Lutherans the doctrine of consubstantiation (10), but the ELCT holds to the Lutheran doctrine of sacramental union as described in the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord and the unaltered Augsburg Confession. Chapter two quickly turns to the biographical by exploring Kweka's calling and the forces that shaped him to support independence [End Page 367] and the new socialist government. Thereafter, chapters demonstrate how Kweka led the church in contributing to civil governance without competing for power or territory. Summarized are the challenges he faced in leading the church to address the knotty problems surrounding the separation of church and state. As militant groups co-opted religion for their own ends and others furthered the ethnicization and politicization of religion for theirs, Kweka responded by strengthening ecumenical alliances and buttressing institutional connections with local congregations, working to bring the Tanzanian Lutheran Church back from the brink of factionalized violence. The authors have done readers a great service by surmounting the usual boundaries of Africa's transition to independence to show how a "pragmatic faith" can work to foster integrity in a nation's governance, especially in contexts of rising authoritarianism. The book is a must read for scholars of politics and religion and for students of African Christianity. Gaylan Mathiesen Lutheran Brethren Seminary Fergus Falls, Minnesota Copyright © 2022 Johns Hopkins University Press and Lutheran Quarterly, Inc.

ARCHIVAL SOURCES ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN AZOV REGION IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The purpose of the article is to consider, on the example of Berdyansk and Melitopol districts, Tavricheskaya guberniya, one of the little-studied aspects of the cultural life of the Orthodox population in the 19th – early 20th centuries, associated with church construction in their settlements. The authors set themselves the task, on specific examples, to trace the main features and features of this process. Church building occupied a prominent place in the inner life of local communities, as evidenced by the relevant archival materials collected in the funds of the state archive of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. We will dwell only on some of them, relating to fund 118 of the Tavricheskaya Spiritual Consistory, concerning the territory of the then Berdyansk and Melitopol districts, the Tavricheskaya gubernia. A number of general scientific and disciplinary methods were used. Thus, the purpose and objectives of the study defined the theoretical and methodological approach to knowledge of historical reality, which is based on dialectical methods of knowledge. Results. According to the 1897 census, there were about ten Orthodox churches in the city, two Jewish and one Karaite synagogue. Chief among them was the Ascension Cathedral Church. Its construction began in 1842 and ended in 1848 (consecrated on May 18, 1848). The stone building of the church had a fence and a wooden bell tower on 2 pillars. Somewhat later, in 1854, a stone bell tower was added to it, and in 1903–1904 the church building was expanded with new additions. Among other Orthodox churches in the city, archival documents mention the Epiphany Church (built in 1863), the Peter and Paul Church (built in 1892), the Intercession Cemetery Church (built in 1865), and the Alexander Gymnasium Church, built in 1876 in the courtyard city gymnasium. Concluding a general review of this issue, we can conclude that the local population and Bulgarian settlers played a rather active role in church construction in the settlements of the Azov region of the Tavricheskaya gubernia in the post-reform period. This equally applied to both the Bulgarian proper and the neighboring villages of the North-Western Azov region. Such construction was carried out mainly at the expense of local communities, and local churches were not only religious centers, but often served as primary schools.

INTERNALIZATION OF RELIGION AND CULTURE: RELIGIOSITY OF THE TEBUWUNG SOCIETY IN THE TINGKEPAN TRADITION

This study explains the phenomenon of the living qur'an practiced by the Tebuwung Society in Dukun, Gresik, East Java, regarding the meaning of surah Yusuf and Maryam in the tingkepantradition. The Qur'anic phenomenon in this pregnancy ritual is a form of meaning of the Qur'an's content that surrounds the local community's life. Based on qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, while data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, this study tries to explain the phenomenon of the tingkepantradition, the public's reception of surahYusuf and Maryam, and the influence of reading the two surahsin the tingkepantradition. Based on Karl Mannheim's perspective and the social construction of Peter L. Berger, the study's results show that the awareness of the Qur'an that exists in the community is built through the religious understanding of the central figures of religion at local level. From these central figures, awareness emerged from understanding the ideas and moral messages of surahYusuf and Maryam in the hope of having descendants that handsome or beautiful face and character as depicted in the two surahs. Apart from being local wisdom, this tingkepan tradition constructively demonstrates the community's belief that the creation of man is closely related to the Oneness of God since he/she was in the womb.

Local communities of Eurasia: geocultural aspect

The development of society in the context of globalization determines the need to search for the possibility of combining the universalization and localization of geoculture. These processes of globalization have an impact on the content and forms of transformation of the Eurasian geocultural space. The problem field of research is connected with the objective need to analyze the evolution of geoculture, to understand geoculture as a system characterizing the relations of general civilization universals and local specifics. The application of the civilizational approach makes it possible to identify trends in the socio-cultural development of local communities in the geocultural space, to solve the problems of coherence of locality and globality. Local communities are in a transitional stage of their development due to industrial, economic, institutional and socio-cultural processes, changes and the introduction of unusual patterns of life attitudes. It is shown that local communities in the process of transformation unite into a specific socio-territorial location. On the one hand, in their development, local communities are subject to the general laws of transformation in the context of global and regional restructuring. On the other hand, models of socio-cultural behavior are formed depending on the resources and technologies available to the community, expressed in an attempt to preserve the traditional way of life. Assimilation of local cultures is accompanied by polarization of geocultural space, which contributes to the development of isolation and diversification of sociocultures. Geocultural processes influence the transformation of value-normative attitudes, contribute to the growth of social stratification, and increase social inequality. The socio-cultural tradition on which the life of local communities is built legitimizes the primacy of the community over the individual. Closed society, resists modernization processes. In geoculture, consensus about the foundations of life and the goals of the community is disappearing. The development of a multicultural world exacerbates the problem of understanding and preserving the socio-cultural identity of local communities. The study of the emerging geocultural models of the development of local communities determines the possibilities of theoretical substantiation of alternative scenarios for modeling the transformation of socio-cultural identity.

Local ecological knowledge and resilience of ethnomedical systems in a changing world – South American perspectives

We are experiencing an era of great and rapid changes that directly affect biocultural systems. Ethnomedical systems are complex social-ecological structures and processes affected by drivers that may lead to changes in the trajectories of these systems, or even to collapse, according to their resilience and adaptation capacity. We examine ethnomedical systems in the context of social-ecological resilience, discussing how these systems are adapting and responding to current challenges, threats and risks. Seven case studies from Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities living close to forest ecosystems in South America (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay) provide an overview and offer strategies for research and public policies related to biocultural diversity and health. We discuss some nuances of ethnomedical systems resilience, such as the importance of utilitarian redundancy, the effects of biomedicine and technologies on traditional practices, including the hybridization process; the effects of contaminated environments in the use of plants; the influence of COVID-19 on traditional practices and peoples’ creative responses to the pandemic; and the influence of Brazilian health care policies for Indigenous Peoples. Based on these case studies at different spatial scales (individual, local community, metacommunity, and macrosystem levels), we discuss the adaptation, transformation, and resilience of ethnomedical systems, as well as the role of local ecological knowledge in this process. We highlight new perspectives for research, actions and public policies that can favor the quality of life and health of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.

A REVIEW ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF BAHRIA TOWN KARACHI

Karachi is known as one of the largest and fastest growing cities of Pakistan having unconfirmed record of population of about 22 million with GDP of 15 percent, from which 25 percent of revenues are generated and 62 percent is cut down in income taxes. (Twen ty-one, 2016; Hasan, 2015). In past few years, many residential and commercial projects have been completed in Karachi, in order to facilitate the population of all income groups. This research aims to explore the challenges faced by the local communities by the development of most dominating agency “The Bahria Town” Karachi. This study also analyzes the impacts of those challenges on the lives of local communities and their daily activities, demographics, and ethnicity. The methodology of this research is based on secondary data including case studies, books, newspaper, magazines, and articles. The primary data is being collected with the help of interviews with the local communities mainly. After exploring all the facts and figures, through literature review and primary data, this research concluded that Bahria Town being the biggest real estate agency has been failed to full fill the requirements of local communities in the nearby surrounded villages, additionally, became the reason of displacing many villages and also has negatively affected the agriculture and natural ecosystems.

Gender Differences in Perception and Awareness of Climate Change in the Suru Valley of Western Himalayas, India

The Suru valley of the Ladakh region in the Indian western Himalayas has a cold-arid climate and semi-desert landscape. Any change in climate in this fragile landscape will impact the lives of local communities in the region. The region has limited weather monitoring stations due to which changing climate pattern is not well understood. Understanding gender differential perceptions of climate change will help us in critical engagement and support of local people for action on climate change. This study analyses the gender differences in perception and awareness of climate change in the region. The study involves 270 households where male and female respondents were interviewed in an equal ratio in the nine villages of Suru valley of the western Himalayas, India. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results reflected that climate change awareness was higher for the men respondents due to their better education and access to mass communication than the women respondents. The perceived climatic changes like high temperature and low snowfall have impacted more on women as water and agriculture are the most affected environmental components. There is a need in creating awareness about climate change impacts through better education among the people especially women in the region. Prioritizing villages having the highest impact in terms of water scarcity, flash floods, avalanches and landslides will help the government and other stakeholders in better implementation of programmes and policies in the region.

Khiagda JSC: Landmarks and achievements

The systematic geological exploration launched in the area of the Amalat Plateau of basalts in the Baunt Evenki Region of Buryatia in 1980 resulted in the discovery of Khiagda deposit. Such exogenous epigene (hydrogenous) paleovalley-type deposits in small artesian basins are widely spread on different continents and mostly are mineable using the in-situ leaching (ISL) technology. However, the applicability of ISL to Khiagda deposit raised doubts those days as shallow permafrost groundwater contained in aquiferous ore-bearing strata had very low temperatures (2–4 °C). Some experts at uranium mining technology believed dilution of uranium minerals in sulfuric acid solutions would run extremely slow under such temperatures, and the uranium production by ISL would be inefficient therefore. In the course of commercial-scale development of Khiagda ore field from 2009 up to the present moment, all infrastructure required has been created, including construction of power transmission lines and electric substations, road making, mapping for preparing leaching solutions and collecting pregnant solutions, laying of long-haul pipelines for the continuous circulation of process solutions between the operating sites of ISL, pregnant solution processing plants and local adsorption plants. Khiagda JSC pays particular attention to ESG factors, recognizes the impact the mining activities exert on the environment, life of local communities and on the regional social and economic development, undertakes activities aimed to mitigate such impacts, and strives to ensure long-term and sustainable progression.The authors appreciate participation of Khaigda’s member D. V. Dyshlyuk and Atomredmetzoloto’s members V. G. Loginova and I. N. Solodov in this article preparation.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL CULTURE AND EDUCATION IN SOUTHERN UKRAINE IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 19TH – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article considers the development of musical and cultural life in the largest centres of Southern Ukraine in the late 19th – early 20th century: Kherson, Nikolaev and Odessa. The author pays special attention to the specific features of the region determined by its geographical location and multi-ethnic population. In many provincial and district centres of Southern Ukraine, cultural life developed due in no small way to the involvement of musically gifted foreigners: Czech and German colonists and also the guests from the modern Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Italy etc. The author provides evidence that almost every department of the Imperial Russian Musical Society (IRMS) of the southern region of that historical period engaged foreign specialists. Moreover, many domestic music teachers received musical education in European conservatories (Leipzig, Warsaw, Brussels, Vienna and others). All of the aforesaid illustrates the implementation of European pedagogical and methodological principles in music education in Southern Ukraine. In many educational institutions (especially women’s institutions), foreigners made up the majority of teachers. Having analyzed the cultural life in Southern Ukraine in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th century, the author concludes that the increasing demand for a diverse and comprehensive cultural life in local communities back at that time determined the development of musical courses and educational institutions (both public and private), the IRMS local branches, performing schools and groups etc. General trends in the development of music, musical pedagogy and other areas of musical activity were rooted in Western European traditions. Thus, interethnic musical contacts carried out on the territory of Southern Ukraine and its cultural and economic centre – Odessa, contributed to the formation of a unique multi-dimensional culture of this region by the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century.

Necessity of Productive Association with Technological Innovations for Sustainability of Extractive Reserves in the Amazon

The first extractive reserves (RESEXs) have completed 32 years of foundation and still encounter environmental and socioeconomic problems. Hence, this study aims to evaluate whether integrating technologies to the productive activities of extractivism, agriculture, and animal husbandry improves the lives of local communities and reduces environmental resource impact. The study employs the association method because more than two variables in the set of environmental, economic, social, and institutional groups manifested a relationship of dependence. Hence, we conclude that the most suitable strategy associates plant extraction, agriculture, and animal husbandry with technological innovations indicated for this model.

Local Festivals - the Visible and Invisible Benefits for Local Communities: an Empirical View

The article presents the results of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions held in Sadovo, Elin Pelin, Gabrovo, Bolyartsi, Novi Han and Pozharevo within a project “Local festivals: A resource of local communities for coping with crises”, funded by National Science Fund – Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Bulgaria (KP-06-H45/5 from 30.11.2020). The aim of the text is, based on the main essential features and characteristics of local festivals, to prove and derive empirically the importance of “visible” and “invisible” benefits of these events for the preservation of local communities. The various points of view of representatives of local authorities, organizers of local festivals, and representatives of the Roma ethnic community will be presented without claiming to be exhaustive. Numerous studies are available in the literature, focusing on the benefits of holding these events and the various effects they produce on the cultural, social and economic life of local communities. Local festivals in the Bulgarian context, regardless of their thematic focus, in most cases combine the festivities of traditional society, combined with new forms of collective gatherings. In most cases, these events can also be seen as part of the process of building local identities, which draw their resources from what is imagined, reconstructed and argued as local heritage.

Smart-Solutions for Handling Overtourism and Developing Destination Resilience for the Post-Covid-19 Era

ABSTRACT The article addresses perspectives to mitigate overtourism through introduction of the integrative concept of destination resilience and its innovative implementation with the help of smart-solutions applied to management of Covid-19-related risks, as well as to overall destination governance, regionally-based networking, destination infrastructure and entrepreneurial resilience for tourism businesses. This solution is justified through empirical study based on 104 expert-discussions (research sample is in Europe) which were implemented under the methodology of Delphi-analysis. The results of the study appeal to the idea of integrative application of intelligent solutions within tourism cooperative networks and destination governance. The research contributes to resilience knowledge in tourism with the model of application of smart-technologies to prevent overtourism and to develop destination resilience in the post-Covid-19 era. The research argues that the technology-driven application of multi-dimensional resilience knowledge represents a way of overcoming the impacts of mass-tourism for meaningful life of local communities and tourists.

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Local Community's Life Quality in Religious Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Shiraz

گردشگری مذهبی یکی از انواع گردشگری است که از دیرباز مورد توجه بسیاری از گردشگران واقع شده و از طریق تغییر در کنش-های متقابل میان انسان¬ها، تحولاتی را در کیفیت زندگی جامعه میزبان ایجاد می¬نماید. بنابراین، هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی و رتبه¬بندی عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی جامعه محلی در مقصد گردشگری مذهبی شهر شیراز، با استفاده از رویکرد نگاشت شناختی فازی می¬باشد. پژوهش از نوع توصیفی پیمایشی است. در این پژوهش از دو نوع گروه جامعه آماری استفاده شد، گروه اول که به منظور تعدیل و تعیین عوامل انتخاب شدند، شامل ده نفر از خبرگان حوزه گردشگري مذهبی در شهر شیراز می¬باشند که به صورت قضاوتی و هدفمند انتخاب شدند؛ سپس پرسشنامه ماتریسی تهیه شده و در اختیار گروه دوم، شامل 30 نفر از شاغلان بومی در زمینه گردشگری مذهبی، قرار گرفت. در گام بعد داده‌ها و سناریوها با استفاده از تکنیک‌ نگاشت شناختی فازی تحلیل و مدل پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی طراحی شد. در راستای ارتقای کیفیت زندگی جامعه محلی در مقصد گردشگری مذهبی شهر شیراز، عوامل متعددی دخیل هستند که از میان آنها افزایش رفاه اجتماعی و فرهنگی، افزایش سرمایه¬گذاری و احساس تعلق خاطر در ساکنان و گردشگران به ترتیب بیشترین اهمیت را داشتند؛ زیرا از مرکزیت بیشتری برخوردار بودند.

Measurement of the Concentration of Potential Quality of Life in Local Communities

Measurement of the Concentration of Potential Quality of Life in Local Communities

PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR AKSARA BALI MELALUI MEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR

The influence of culture and foreign languages that enter to the life of local communities makes the use of regional languages and scripts increasingly shifting in the lives of Balinese people especially in this information technology era. Information technology media based on augmented reality applications on smartphones can be used as alternative learning media. the availability of smart phones and the habits of elementary school age children in playing gadgets can be used as tools to encourage children's interest in learning Balinese script. The method of playing while learning is an effective method to develop the desire to learn Balinese script. An interactive learning model by combining three-dimensional animation and sound (Augmented Reality) can make elementary school-aged children interested in playing and practicing it. The application also provides examples of the use of characters in a word and the use of pasang-pageh with their explanations.

Critical sustainability factors of regional SMEs; A case study of regional Australia

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are one of the main development agents and economic contributors to the regional areas. They increase productivity, create employment, and improve the quality of local community's life. They have also significant impacts on the environment and society collectively because a high percentage of businesses in regional areas belongs to SMEs. For example, near to 95% of regional businesses operating in service and industry sectors in Australia are SMEs. Hence, it is necessary to find out the best possible ways to engage the regional SMEs with sustainable practices and see what factors are contributing (or inhibiting) the regional SMEs to be sustainable business citizens. Bringing together the relevant literature and using quantitative methods, this paper explores factors affecting the sustainability adoption by regional SMEs. Through a case study approach, this paper builds a platform for future research in relation to better understanding of the factors affecting the adoption of sustainable practices outside metropolitan regions.

PEDAGOGY OF SPIRITUALITY IN THE MIND OF SPECIAL LIGHTING ACTIVITY CRISIS OF THE PRISM OF PHILOSOPHY OF LEARNING

We outlined as the subject of our scientific exploration the processes of formation of sociocultural phenomena of human civilization and culture, society based on knowledge, newly formed pedagogy of spirituality through the prism of the philosophy of education, in the context of inclusion, at the stage of formation of a new ethical and moral reality. Rethinking the rapid development processes of industrial and post-industrial, informational, network, communicative, inclusive, authoritarian and liberal society. We have set ourselves the goal of studying the phenomenon of pedagogy of spirituality, taking into account special pedagogical activity, by which we understand the processes of involving the entire community, including people with special educational needs, to the social and political life and activities of local communities. Those actors of social action who have problems with physical or psychosomatic development should be put in the first place. This leads to reflection and the use of methods and methodologies that will help every individual, child, student with special educational needs to fully participate in the life of society. We believe that various historical eras create distinct socio-economic trends for the future member of society, who needs to be prepared for the most diverse life situations through forms of education, science and culture, in the education and upbringing system. In this case, it is appropriate to form tasks in accordance with the purpose, content and form, methods and methodology of functioning of these means in the whole mechanism of adaptability of the person. Investigating the historical and political variability of the discourse of pedagogical theory and practice, it is emphasized that with the change of socio-economic formations in the historical progress of civilization, they will increasingly approach the person (anthropocentrism, student-centrism) in all the fullness of mental, physical, spiritual development and improvement. In the process of scientific work, we used general methods: inductive, deductive, dialectical, empirical, pragmatic, rationalistic, sensualistic, and we also used developments in the field of structural-linguistic intelligence, synergetics, comparativistics, and artificial intelligence. The formation of moral and ethical categories, the influence of mythologists, traditional science (social philosophy, philosophy of education), religious systems in the technical development of postindustrial society is analyzed. Scientific and theoretical developments expand the possibilities of the philosophy of education about the content and categories of inclusive pedagogy for persons with special educational needs on the basis of the spirituality of the functioning of society. The philosophical-pedagogical concept of inclusive pedagogy considered by us can be used for understanding and predicting the urgent problems of Ukrainian socio-cultural life, solving the real political problems of our Motherland in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation at the regional and global levels, overcoming religious, political, and confessional differences. It will be able to help the formation of a balanced personality for people with special needs, with post-traumatic syndromes and will promote socialization and self-realization in the post-war and aggressive world. The results of the research can be used as methodological help in political science, sociology, social philosophy, philosophy of education. They have the potential to correlate educational courses of socio-political disciplines with the aim of achieving understanding and conventionalism, overcoming ideological and socio-cultural stereotypes. Thoughtful theoretical investigations can be used in the process of forming theoretical and practical special courses, in the development of educational programs in philosophy, social philosophy, philosophy of education, ethics, individual and social psychology.

ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНІ ВИДИ ТУРИЗМУ У ПОВСЯКДЕННІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МІСЦЕВИХ ГРОМАД

The spontaneous development of extreme types of tourism is not always correlated with the established life of local communities, which can lead to conflict situations. The aim is to analyze the peculiarities of the development of extreme types of tourism and the possibilities of their adaptation to the daily activities of local communities. Methodology: the research was carried out using a comprehensive analysis of materials of field tourism and landscape research during 2015-2020, the principles of historicism, combination and methods of GIS technologies. Results: substantiated the existence of three tourist and recreational areas confined to the Southern Bug Valley: Pechera-Sokilets, Gaivoron and Mygiya, as well as some areas in the recreational development of which certain types of extreme tourism are gradually becoming leading. For the Pechera-Sokilets tourist-recreational area the map of possibilities of development of separate kinds of extreme tourism depending on its modern landscape structure is concluded. Scientific novelty – for the first time it was researched and substantiated that within the local communities the territories of which are confined to river valleys, the tourist and recreational sphere has become profitable for the last ten years. In its structure began to actively develop previously uncharacteristic types of extreme tourism. The dependence of the development of these types of tourism on the landscape structure of the territory of local communities is shown. Practical significance – recommended to twelve local communities territorially confined to the valleys of the Southern Bug River, possible directions and importance of the development of extreme types of tourism in their daily economic activities. Areas where the development of certain types of extreme tourism will be most effective in the process of building local communities.

Determinants of Recreational Activities Choice in Protected Areas

Conciliating nature conservation and tourism development is an increasingly important task for authorities in charge of managing protected areas and requires an adequate knowledge of visitors′ preferences and recreational behavior. In this light, we used data collected by means of a choice experiment to investigate recreational preferences at Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park, a protected area located in Northeastern Italy. More specifically, we analyzed the determinants of visitors’ decisions to engage with different activities in the park. This is important information for park managers, as different recreational activities have both different impact on the natural heritage and different capability to generate revenue for nature conservation and for enhancing the quality of life of local communities. The findings of our study suggest that the choice of recreational activities is mainly driven by the features of recreational sites and by visitors’ personal characteristics. Concerning park features, visitors’ choices seem to be mostly driven by features directly related to each activity, such as thematic trails for hiking and climbing routes for rock climbing. Among visitors′ characteristics, we found that both previous experience with the activity and socio-demographic characteristics had a significant effect on activity choice. Overall, the results of our study can help park authorities in developing management plans aimed specifically at attracting a larger number of visitors of a certain type, which is an important tool to foster the more sustainable forms of tourism.

Legal regulation of private life in local communities of traditional Dagestan

Legal regulation of private life in local communities of traditional Dagestan