The persistent inequality in wealth distribution in Indonesia reflects the failure to integrate Islamic normative values into the national fiscal policy framework, even though the Qur'an established comprehensive principles of distribution long before modern fiscal theory emerged. This study aims to analyze and construct the role of Qur’anic distribution principles—specifically Surah al-Hasyr, verse 7, regarding the distribution of wealth, and Surah al-Nisā’, verse 58, regarding amanah—as the normative foundation for Islamic fiscal policy in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative approach using thematic exegesis (maudhū'i) and library research, through content analysis of classical and contemporary exegetical sources as well as relevant academic literature on Islamic economics. The results indicate that Surah al-Hasyr verse 7 contains a structural imperative prohibiting the concentration of wealth and mandating redistribution through fiscal instruments such as zakat and productive waqf, while Surah an-Nisa’ verse 58 establishes the principle of amanah as the ethical foundation of fiscal governance, demanding competence, transparency, and justice in the management of public finances. The synthesis of these two principles yields a conceptual model of Islamic fiscal policy that integrates distributive objectives with accountable governance mechanisms. This study contributes to enriching the theoretical framework of Islamic economics and provides practical implications for policymakers to formally integrate the instruments of zakat and waqf into the national fiscal system, as well as to strengthen Islamic fiscal institutions based on the principle of amanah.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has driven Islamic educational institutions, including madrasah, to adopt management information systems (MIS) to support administrative governance. This article examines the concept of MIS in Islamic education, its effectiveness in improving the performance of administrative staff, the factors that determine the success or failure of MIS implementation, and the strategic role of madrasah administrative staff as the primary operators of integrated data systems such as EMIS, SIMPATIKA, and DAPODIK. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review (library research), analyzing books, journal articles, and government regulations relevant to MIS in Islamic education. The findings show that MIS implementation significantly improves work efficiency, data accuracy, information accessibility, service quality, and managerial decision-making, while its success depends on adequate human resources, technological infrastructure, leadership commitment, continuous training, and system integration. Conversely, implementation failure is commonly caused by limited resources, resistance to change, low technological literacy, technical problems, and weak monitoring mechanisms. Empirical evidence from several madrasah-based studies confirms that the readiness and competence of administrative staff, rather than technological sophistication alone, are the key determinants of MIS success at the operational level. These findings reinforce the urgency of positioning administrative staff as the central unit of analysis in future research on Islamic education management information systems.

The discourse of contemporary Islamic education, particularly in Indonesia, is marked by an indeterminacy of foundational principles, resulting in their partial and normative interpretation. Consequently, Islamic education tends to be pragmatic and reactive toward modernity, lacking a solid philosophical or ontological construction. This condition undermines the teleological orientation of forming insan kamil as the ultimate goal of Islamic education, thereby losing a consistent transcendental paradigmatic framework. This study contributes to the reconstruction of the foundational principles of Islamic education through an in-depth examination of the concept of substantial motion (al-ḥarakah al-jawhariyyah) in the philosophy of Mullā Ṣadrā. Substantial motion is understood as an essential transformation occurring within existence (wujūd), rather than a mere accidental change. Within the context of Islamic education, this concept offers a paradigm shift: education is not merely the transmission of knowledge, but an existential transformation of the learner toward spiritual and intellectual perfection. Through library research employing a qualitative-philosophical approach and descriptive-analytical method, this study analyzes Mullā Ṣadrā’s seminal work Al-Ḥikmah al-Mutaʿāliyah, alongside relevant supporting literature. The findings reveal that the principles of Islamic education can be reconstructed within the framework of transcendental theosophy, which integrates ontological, epistemological, and spiritual dimensions. The study concludes that Mullā Ṣadrā’s transcendental philosophy provides a significant contribution to formulating holistic educational principles—centered on existential transformation and rooted in spiritual values. These insights open new avenues for curriculum development and redefine the role of the educator as a guide in the learner’s existential journey.

The 2001 Sampit Tragedy stands as one of the bloodiest ethnic conflicts in Indonesian history, marking a profound erosion of the value of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). This article aims to analyze the collapse of these pluralistic value, the correlation between structural inequality and the role of provocateurs, as well as post-conflict solutions grounded in local wisdom and Pancasila. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing secondary data through sociological and anthropological perspectives. The findings reveal that the conflict between the Dayak and Madurese ethnic groups was not an isolated incident, but rather the culmination of latent tensions caused by the economic marginalization of indigenous communities, the failure of cultural acculturation, and the residual effects of the New Order's superficial security-oriented approach. The politicization of ethnic sentiment by provocateurs in the post-Reformasi era triggered an escalation of mass violence that claimed more than 500 lives and displaced approximately 100,000 residents. Post-conflict recovery was ultimately achieved through policy reconstruction and customary (adat) reconciliation. This study concludes that the management of diversity grounded in structural and legal justice is the primary key to safeguarding national integration.

Contemporary Islamic education faces a crisis of meaning in the digital era, frequently reducing instructional media and tools into value-neutral, pragmatic instruments and neglecting their spiritual dimensions. This research aims to establish a rigorous ontological demarcation between educational tools and media and to construct an integrative philosophical framework for their use based on Islamic epistemology. This qualitative library research employs a philosophical approach. Data were collected heuristically from academic databases and classical texts, with a focus on the foundational works of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas and Al-Ghazali. The analysis technique employs hermeneutic interpretation, validated through source triangulation, to systematically dissect the esoteric layers of educational technologies. The findings demonstrate a novel theoretical contribution by proving that while tools are merely functional-technical instruments, digital media act as value-laden, meaning-making environments. Furthermore, this study offers a new integrative paradigm by contextualizing classical Sufi concepts to solve modern digital challenges: translating Al-Ghazali’s mujahadah and riyadhah into digital self-regulation, while operationalizing Al-Attas’s Ta'dib to design media that respect the hierarchy of knowledge. Conclusively, addressing digital disruption requires shifting from mechanical pedagogy to a holistic integration in which digital media serve as esoteric intermediaries, actively guiding students toward moral maturity, adab, and divine consciousness.

This This study aims to elaborate the concept of tafsir tarbawi (educational exegesis), identify its derived character values, and formulate its contribution to strengthening character education in Indonesia. It employs a qualitative approach with library research, using the Qur’an and tafsir tarbawi literature as primary sources, supported by relevant books and journals. Data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal eight core character values: religiosity, honesty and trustworthiness, responsibility and discipline, social care, humility, patience, devotion to parents, and justice. The study shows that tafsir tarbawi offers a contextual and transformative learning approach that integrates cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. It also proposes six implementation strategies: verse reflection, teacher role modeling, structured habituation, contextual discussion, verse-based social projects, and character portfolio assessment. The study concludes that tafsir tarbawi is a strategic approach to bridging Qur’anic values with educational practice, contributing both theoretically and practically to the development of character-based Islamic Religious Education curricula and serving as a reference for teachers in fostering holistic moral development. However, this research is limited by its library-based nature, relying on textual analysis without empirical validation. Its scope is confined to selected tafsir tarbawi works and lacks field-tested implementation, suggesting the need for further empirical studies to evaluate its effectiveness in diverse educational settings

This study re-examines the concept of sakinah in Islam, which has traditionally been understood as something that can only be achieved through marriage. Using library research methods, combined with Fazlur Rahman’s contextual hermeneutics and a comparative analysis of classical and contemporary exegeses, the study finds that sakinah in the Qur’an possesses a broader spectrum of meanings than mere domestic tranquillity. An analysis of Surah Al-Fath verse 4, Surah At-Taubah verses 26 and 40, and Surah Ar-Rum verse 21 indicates that sakinah is a spiritual condition stemming from closeness to Allah that can be experienced in various life contexts without the mediation of the institution of marriage. This study proposes the concept of "Inclusive Sakinah" with three dimensions: vertical (relationship with Allah), horizontal (meaningful social relationships), and internal (inner balance), which can be cultivated by every Muslim regardless of their marital status.

This study aims to analyze SARA-based horizontal conflicts from a national defense perspective and examine their potential as a strategic indicator in the early detection system of non-military threats. The research uses a qualitative approach with the library research method through the analysis of scientific literature, policy documents, and laws and regulations related to social conflicts, national security, and national defense. The results of the study show that SARA-based horizontal conflicts can be understood as non-military threats because they have the potential to undermine social cohesion, weaken state legitimacy, and disrupt national stability. In addition, identity-based conflicts have a developmental pattern that allows the emergence of early indicators such as social polarization, intolerance, and identity-based group mobilization. These findings are expected to enrich defense studies and support the strengthening of conflict prevention policies in order to maintain national security.

Academic procrastination has become a chronic phenomenon among university students, which is frequently normalized in digital spaces. This study aims to explore the psychological dynamics behind students' procrastinating behavior and formulate solutions from the perspective of Guidance and Counseling. The research method employed is qualitative, utilizing library research and digital content analysis. Data sources were gathered from accredited scientific journal articles (2021–2026) and student narrative trends on social media platforms such as Twitter, TikTok, and Instagram. The results indicate that academic procrastination is not merely a matter of poor time management, but rather a manifestation of self-regulation failure and emotional dysregulation. Students use procrastination as an immediate mood repair coping strategy to avoid negative emotions, anxiety, and fear of failure driven by cognitive distortions like irrational perfectionism. Social media further reinforces this behavior through Social Learning Theory, which normalizes cramming. In conclusion, addressing procrastination requires counseling interventions that target cognitive roots. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach through cognitive restructuring techniques is highly recommended for university counselors to reshape students' irrational thoughts and restore their self-regulation capacities.

To identify and map evidence on factors that influence nurses' engagement in clinical research. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology. First, titles and abstracts of articles, then full-text articles, were screened by two independent researchers against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted into a data extraction table. Findings from articles were synthesized using thematic analysis. Searches were conducted in Medline All (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), APA PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (Ebsco) and Scopus on April 28, 2025. Seventy-nine articles were included in this review. There were significant barriers that prevented nurses from engaging in research, including: lack of time, inadequate training, negative internal beliefs, insufficient organizational support and an unsupportive research culture. Factors that facilitated nurses' engagement in research included: research infrastructure, training and mentorship, visionary leadership, unit-level support, improved motivational components and enhanced organizational research culture. A multi-level framework and strategic recommendations are provided, along with an overview of the 23 interventions reported in the included articles are provided. Nurses are constrained from conducting research to generate nursing knowledge due to multiple barriers. Visionary leadership is needed that prioritizes nursing research, establishes infrastructureand creates a culture of research excellence to enhance the quality and safety of nursing care. Healthcare organizations should support nursing research by providing nurses with paid release time from their clinical duties and building an accessible infrastructure. Infrastructure can include programmes, centres and academic-practice partnerships that provide nurses with access to research training, experienced mentorship, librarian and statistical support, grant and manuscript writing assistance and funding pathways for small and large studies. This scoping review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. No patient or public contribution. Registered with the Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/5VWE9 (12/03/25).

This study aims to analyze the differences, roles, and contributions of central and regional taxes within the Indonesian taxation system. Taxes serve as the primary source of state revenue and play a crucial role in financing development and improving public welfare. Along with the implementation of fiscal decentralization, local governments are granted authority to manage regional taxes in order to enhance fiscal independence. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing library research from various sources such as books, academic journals, and legal regulations. The results indicate that central taxes still dominate state revenue compared to regional taxes, reflecting disparities in regional fiscal capacity. Central taxes function to finance national programs and maintain economic stability, while regional taxes support local development and public services. To optimize tax revenue, strategies such as tax intensification, digitalization of the tax system, regulatory simplification, and improvement of taxpayer compliance are necessary. Therefore, an effective, transparent, and fair taxation system is expected to promote economic growth and equitable development in a sustainable manner.

This study critically examines David Hume's (1711–1776) empiricist methodology and its implications for the epistemology of Islamic education. Hume's empiricism posits sensory experience as the sole valid source of knowledge, articulated through four primary pillars: the impressions–ideas dichotomy, critique of dogmatic causality, rejection of metaphysical substance, and systematic skepticism. This research aims to: (1) comprehensively analyze the core concepts of Hume's empiricist methodology; (2) identify its epistemological relevance and limitations within the Islamic educational framework; and (3) examine its application as a methodological instrument for analyzing Islamic pedagogical practice. A qualitative approach employing library research and descriptive-analytical methods was applied to primary and secondary sources. Findings indicate that, methodologically, Hume's empiricist principles are relevant for reinforcing experiential learning, observation-based evaluative culture, and critical inquiry into causal assumptions in educational practice. Concrete applications include simulation-based moral learning, empirical evaluation of sorogan and bandongan methods in pesantren, and the strengthening of tafakkur and muhasabah traditions as Islamic counterparts to methodological skepticism. However, epistemologically, Hume's empiricism cannot be wholly accepted, as its reduction of knowledge to sensory experience conflicts with Islamic epistemology, which upholds divine revelation as an autonomous and transcendent source of truth. A critical integration of both frameworks enables a rational, contextual, and evaluative Islamic education without abandoning its theological foundations. The implications of this study are twofold: theoretically, it offers a methodological bridge for reading Western epistemological traditions through an Islamic lens without compromising revelation as the primary source of truth; practically, it provides educators and curriculum designers with a concrete framework for embedding experiential, observation-based, and reflective practices into Islamic pedagogy, thereby strengthening the evaluative culture of pesantren and madrasah-based learning while preserving its theological integrity.

This study aims to analyze the hadith regarding the prohibition of women traveling without a maḥram to distinguish between universal ethical principles (maqṣad) and particular-contextual legal applications (ḥukm). The method employed is qualitative library research using a holistic hadith criticism approach. The analysis includes sanad criticism to verify the authenticity of the narration and matan criticism expanded with a socio-historical approach and Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah. The findings indicate that the hadiths possess highly authentic sanad quality. However, the analysis of the matan and socio-historical context reveals that the prohibition was a rational protective response to the hazardous conditions of the 7th-century Arabian Peninsula, where a maḥram served as a security guarantor. Thus, the 'illah (legal cause) of this prohibition is the absence of security (amn), not the act of travel itself. This study concludes that in the modern context, where travel security is guaranteed through transportation systems and state law enforcement, the 'illah has ceased to exist, allowing for a review of the ruling. Permitting women to travel safely in the modern era is viewed as more aligned with maqāṣid to realize public interest (maṣlaḥah) and eliminate harm (mafsadah).

This study examines how the Baduy community’s experience of divinity informs ecological sustainability. It asks how spiritual belief, customary law, and everyday practice shape Baduy modes of conserving nature. The study uses a qualitative fieldwork design supported by library research. Data were collected through systematic observation, in-depth interviews with selected members of the inner and outer Baduy, and local government official in Lebak District, Banten, Indonesia. Informants were selected purposively for their knowledge of Baduy religious practice, customary authority, and environmental management. The data were analyzed through a philosophical phenomenological approach by identifying recurring themes in the informants’ lived experiences and interpreting them in relation to ecotheological perspectives, especially Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s critique of the separation between nature and the sacred. The findings show that Baduy Divine experience is embodied in customary rules, agricultural practices, forest zoning, simplicity, and restraint in the use of natural resources. The article argues that the Baduy case contributes to religious ecology by showing how an indigenous tradition and its interaction with Islamic concepts offer a concrete example of religiously grounded ecological ethics.

Assigning Library E-Books as Textbooks: An Examination of Collection Development Policies and User Education Practices at Minority-Serving Institutions

The discourse on istiʿādhah (seeking protection) remains particularly relevant in contemporary contexts where practices of spiritual protection, such as ruqyah, tawassul, and popular spiritualism, risk blurring the boundaries between tawḥīd (monotheism) and shirk (polytheism). This study aims to analyze the concept of istiʿādhah as addressed in the fatwas of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Bāz and Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ al-ʿUthaymīn, highlighting both convergences and divergences in their theological reasoning. The research utilizes a qualitative-comparative approach, employing library research and thematic content analysis, alongside the constant comparative method to examine primary fatwa sources. The findings reveal that both 'ulama agree on istiʿādhah as an essential element of tawḥīd al-ulūhiyyah (the oneness of Allah), which must be directed exclusively to Allah. However, their istinbāṭ (legal reasoning) differs: Ibn Bāz applies a deductive-practical approach focused on ritual guidance, while al-ʿUthaymīn uses an inductive-systematic method that emphasizes theological classification. The primary contribution of this research lies in the reconstruction of the "Jurisprudence of Protection," a novel conceptual framework that systematically classifies istiʿādhah into three categories: sharʿiyyah (prescribed), jāʾizah (permissible), and shirkīyyah (polytheistic). This framework provides crucial theological navigation for fatwa authorities and the Muslim community, helping them distinguish between legitimate spiritual protection practices, those permissible in limited circumstances, and those that deviate from the core principles of tawḥīd in contemporary religious practices.

Antitrust law plays a critical role in ensuring fair competition, yet its effectiveness varies across different legal and institutional contexts. This paper examines the comparative regulation and implementation of antitrust law in Indonesia, Uzbekistan, and Russia, with particular attention to the role of legal advocacy and legal services in enhancing compliance and enforcement. The objective is to analyze how these three countries, with distinct political and economic systems, construct and operationalize their competition law frameworks to promote healthy market competition. Employing a normative legal research method with a comparative approach, the study relies on statutory texts, institutional documents, case law, and scholarly literature. Data were collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-comparative analysis. The findings reveal that Indonesia has developed a comprehensive legal framework through Law No. 5/1999, yet its enforcement remains inconsistent due to institutional limitations and judicial resistance. Uzbekistan has adopted modern competition principles in its 2012 Competition Law, but enforcement is hindered by state dominance in the economy and limited legal capacity. Russia, in contrast, possesses a mature regulatory framework and a powerful Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS), though enforcement often reflects political considerations. Across all three contexts, legal advocacy and professional legal services significantly influence compliance by educating businesses, guiding merger notifications, and shaping litigation strategies. This study contributes to comparative competition law scholarship by highlighting the interplay between regulation, enforcement, and advocacy in shaping effective competition regimes. The conclusion underscores that building effective antitrust law requires not only robust statutes but also active advocacy and accessible legal services. Recommendations include strengthening compliance mechanisms in Indonesia through KPPU’s DPKPU guidelines, enhancing legal education in Uzbekistan to foster a bottom-up competition culture, and encouraging FAS Russia to sustain transparency in digital markets.

This study examines digital da'wah and persuasive ethics through the synthesis of da'wah methods and pillars in Tafsir Al-Misbah (M. Quraish Shihab) and Al-Azhar (Buya Hamka) in the modern era. The main issue is the lack of ethics and morality in digital da'wah, such as hate speech and racist behavior on Indonesian social media with 212 million users. The objectives are to analyze da'wah methods (hikmah, mauidzah hasanah, mujadalah hasanah), pillars (da'i, mad'u, maddah), and persuasive ethics based on Quranic verses like QS. An-Nahl:125, Ali Imran:104, and Fussilat:33 for contemporary solutions. Qualitative method using library research and thematic maudhu'i tafsir approach with primary data from both tafsirs and secondary literature. Results indicate the Quran provides effective da'wah guidelines: good exemplars, gentle delivery without coercion, and optimal debate to avoid digital conflicts. This synthesis addresses gaps in prior research lacking focus on persuasive ethics

Background: The low halal certification rate among Indonesian MSMEs, with fewer than 10% of 64 million business units certified halal, and the sharia economic literacy rate of only 9.14%, indicate a weak internalization of Islamic production ethics in market offerings. Meanwhile, Ibn Khaldun’s thought, which contains strong values of Islamic production ethics, has not been sufficiently explored as a conceptual basis for strengthening Indonesian Islamic MSMEs. Objective: This study aims to analyze Ibn Khaldun’s concept of Islamic production ethics, examine its relevance to Islamic market offerings, and describe its implications for strengthening Indonesian sharia-compliant MSMEs. Method: This study employs qualitative library research with a historical-analytical approach. It systematically examines Ibn Khaldun’s ethical production thought through Muqaddimah as the primary source and relevant classical and contemporary Islamic economic literature as secondary sources, then contextualizes the findings within Indonesian sharia MSMEs. Results: The findings show that Ibn Khaldun’s production ethics is centered on ‘umran, which integrates labor value, ‘asabiyyah or social solidarity, justice, ethical efficiency, and civilizational sustainability. This study constructs a five-principle operational framework for Islamic production ethics applicable to Indonesian halal MSME market supply. Conclusion: Integrating ‘umran and ‘asabiyyah into MSME production orientation may address the dualism between Islamic identity and profit-driven conventional business practices.

This study examines the role of test reliability, particularly the test–retest method, in strengthening the quality of assessment within Islamic Education. The study is motivated by the growing need for accurate, consistent, and accountable assessment instruments to support meaningful learning evaluation. While previous studies have extensively discussed validity and authentic assessment, limited attention has been given to the contribution of test reliability as a foundation for objective assessment practices in Islamic Education. This research employed a qualitative approach using library research methods. Data were collected from books, scientific journal articles, and relevant academic publications published within the last ten years and analyzed through content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that test reliability plays a crucial role in ensuring the consistency, stability, and trustworthiness of assessment results. Furthermore, the test–retest method provides an effective framework for evaluating score stability over time and minimizing measurement errors. In the context of Islamic Education, reliable assessment instruments support fair evaluation, strengthen data-based decision-making, and align with Islamic values emphasizing accuracy, honesty, and accountability. The study concludes that test reliability serves as an essential component in developing high-quality assessment systems capable of supporting effective learning evaluation and improving educational outcomes in Islamic Education.