Levels Of Social Phobia Research Articles

Social Phobia in Undergraduate University Students in Oman: Prevalence and Correlates with Academic Achievement and Personal Characteristics

<i>Background</i>: Social Anxiety disorder (SAD) is common worldwide. However, data from Oman is deficient. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of social phobia among undergraduate university students in Oman and investigate its relationship with the subjects’ academic performance and personal characteristics. <i>Methodology</i>: Using a cross-sectional study design, 377 students were selected as a sample from Univercity of the Technology and Applied Scinces at AL-Dhahira Governorate of Oman. A convenience sampling method was adopted to reach out to the participants. The data was collected between March, 2024, to May, 2024. Data from nurses was gathered by a primary survey approach utilizing a closed-ended questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS (Statistical Tool for Social Sciences) version 20.0. <i>Results</i>: A total of 377 students self-completed the study survey. The results showed a high prevalence (91.2%) of social phobia among study subjects. Single linear-regression analysis indicated a significant association between social phobia and the academic GPA (p = 0.000). The influences of participants’ characteristics on the level of social phobia were also tested among study participants. Analysis utilizing Chi-square test showed that there was a significant association in the gender (p = 0.001), smoking ( p = 0.000) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.018) with the level of social phobia. Using Further analysis utilizing an independent ttest showed that there was a significant difference in the gender ( p = 0.000), medication use (p = 0.020) and history child abuse (p = 0.000) with the level of social phobia. Finally, one way Anova F-Test was applid and socioeconomic status was significant (p = 0.042) with social phobia level. <i>Conclusion</i>: The study came to the conclusion that SAD is prevalent among the sampled population and various associated factors have been found. The current findings may increase healthcare professionals' and academics' awareness of the need of early case detection and management. This study lays the foundation for succeedingstudies that will seek an understanding of the contributing factors related to the incidence of social phobia among Omani university students.

Research of social phobia status in children after swimming activity

The aim of this research is to examine the social phobia status of children who are trained three days a week in swimming activity in summer sport activities. For some children, the swimming learning process can be a source of stress in itself, sometimes even at the level of social phobia. There are thoughts and researches in the directions that the level of social phobia is minimized, especially social, cultural, reconstructive and sport activities. In this context, it is thought that knowing to what extent the swimming activity affects social phobia status will be important by families, educational institutions and sports scientists besides contributing to the literature. In quantitative research type, single group pre-test / post-test model, which is one of the weak experimental patterns, was applied with simple random sampling method. This study constitutes the universe of children between 6 and 14 years of age who enroll in the swimming activities in 8 different neighborhoods in Kahramanmaraş, where they are given free training for two months within the scope of 2017 summer sports activities. In the study, in the analysis of the data obtained as a result of the answers given to the survey statements consisting of the expressions of the Çapa Scale of Social Phobia for Children and Adolescents, percentage and frequency analyzes were included for demographic information. Binary comparisons in Pretest and Posttest Social Phobia scores were analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Mann-Whitney U Test for variables in variables and Kruskal Wallis Test in multiple comparisons. In this study, in which the Social Phobia (SP) status of children participating in swimming activities was investigated, there was no statistically significant difference between the Pretest and Posttest total scores, and there was no significant difference in age, residence and family monthly income levels, although there was a significant difference in gender within the group.

사회공포증 수준의 증가에 따라 나타난 정서지각 편향성과 시공간 주의배분능력 저하 간의 관련성 연구

본 연구의 목적은 사회공포증 수준에 따른 정서지각 편향성의 변화와 이 변화에 기여하는 시공간 주의배분능력에 대해 탐구하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 사회공포증 수준을 측정하기 위해 한국형 자기보고식 설문 검사인 사회공포증 검사(Korean version of social avoidance and distress, K-SAD)를 사용하였으며, 정서지각 편향성과 시공간 주의배분능력을 측정하기 위해 정서지각 과제(emotional perception task)와 UFOV 과제(useful field of view task)를 사용하였다. 본 연구에는 118명의 연구참가자가 참여하였고 응답을 성실하게 하지 않은 연구참가자들을 제외하여 107명(남: 94명, 여: 13명)의 자료가 분석되었다. 연구참가자들은 K-SAD 점수에 따라 세 집단으로 나뉘어졌다. 연구 결과, 정서지각과제에서 긍정적 정서지각 편향성은 사회공포증 수준이 높을수록 더 크게 나타났으며 UFOV 과제에서는 사회공포증 수준이 높을수록 저하된 시공간 주의배분능력이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사회공포증 수준의 증가에 따라 나타나는 저하된 시공간 주의배분능력이 긍정적 정서지각 편향성에 부분적으로 기여할 가능성이 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Why Is Maternal Depression Related to Adolescent Internalizing Problems? A 15-Year Population-Based Study

Exposure to maternal depression during early childhood is a well-documented risk factor for offspring's internalizing problems, but the long-term risk and the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the association remain largely unknown. We examined whether maternal depression during early childhood was associated with offspring internalizing problems in adolescence, and the extent to which negative parenting, peer victimization, and poor friendship quality during middle childhood mediated this association. We report on a population-based sample of children (n= 1,443) followed-up from 5 months to 15 years. We use yearly assessments of the exposure variable, that is, maternal depression (5 months to 5 years); the putative mediators, that is, peer victimization, friendship quality, and parenting practices (6-12 years); and assessment of the outcome variables at 15 years: self-reported major depressive (MD), generalized anxiety (GA), and social phobia (SP) symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation by peer and family relationships. Exposure to maternal depression during early childhood was associated with higher levels of adolescent MD, GA, and SP. Peer victimization was the only significant mediator and explained 35.9% of the association with adolescent MD, 22.1% of that with GA, and 22.1% of that with SP. Exposure to maternal depression prior to age 5 years was associated with depression, anxiety, and social phobia extending to adolescence via its impact on peer victimization during middle childhood. Particular attention should be paid to victimization as one potential psychosocial factor via which maternal depression is associated with adolescent internalizing problems.

Social phobia and its relation to university compatibility among the students of the Hashemite University: الرهاب الاجتماعي وعلاقته بالتوافق الجامعي لدى طلبة الجامعة الهاشمية

The study aimed to uncover the relationship between social phobia and university compatibility among the students of the Hashemite University, and to find out whether there were differences between the students in the level of these variables attributed to gender and specialization. The study sample consisted of (800) male and female students from the university with (456) males and (344) females, distributed according to scientific specialties by (377) and humanitarian specialties by (423). To achieve the objectives of the study, the social phobia scale and the university compatibility scale were used. The results of the study indicated that the level of social phobia among students is average (54%). The level of academic compatibility among students was average (56.6%). The results also indicated that there was a statistically significant correlation between social phobia and university compatibility at the level of significance (0.05 α). There were no statistically significant differences between male and female students in the level of social phobia and university consensus. The results showed no significant differences Statistics among students with scientific and literary disciplines in the level of social phobia and university consensus.

Do Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Affect Patients' Self-Concept and Psychosocial Status?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-concept and psychosocial status measured by the levels of social phobia and loneliness in a sample of adolescent patients with different malocclusions and to explain the relationships, if any, between malocclusions. This study was performed on 90 (41 females and 49 males) orthodontic patients with a mean age of 13.52±1.81 years. The patients were divided into three groups (Class I, Class II, and Class III) according to the different types of malocclusions. Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSCS) was used to determine the self-concepts of patients. In addition, the levels of social phobia and loneliness were measured by Capa Social Phobia Scale for Children and Adolescents (CSPSCA) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Inventory, respectively. Data were analyzed statistically. The self-concept, social phobia, and loneliness scores of each group were compared using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. Self-concept scores did not significantly differ between the groups, except for the popularity subscale. Patients with Class II malocclusion had the lowest popularity scores. No significant differences were found between the levels of social phobia and loneliness among groups (p>0.05). Our findings demonstrated that different malocclusions do not affect patients' self-concept and psychosocial well-being.

Association Between Social Phobia and Parenting Styles Among Secondary School Students

Social phobia (SP) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders among adolescent youth and remains under recognized and under treated. Environmental factors specifically parenting styles are particularly significant in the development of social phobia. Aim of the present study was to determine the association between social phobia and parenting styles among secondary school students. A descriptive design was selected in carrying out this study. The Setting of the present study was in the governmental schools in ElSinbellawin city, Dakhlia governerate. The sample size included a simple random sample composed of 446 students from three secondary schools; Ahmed Lofty El-Sayed secondary school for boys, El-Sadat secondary school for boys and The Secondary school for girls. Tools used for data collection were; sociodemographic data sheet, parenting styles and social phobia scales. Results revealed that female students recorded higher prevalence of social phobia (23.6%) than did in male students (14.4%). The significant difference was revealed between authoritarian, neglectful parenting styles and developing social phobia in the female students. There was a significant negative correlation between parenting styles and social phobia. This study concluded that social phobia is higher in females than in males. More the parents showed (authoritarian, authoritative, over-protective, neglectful) parenting style, their children showed lower levels of social phobia. The study recommended with early identification of socio phobic students by school nurse and social worker will be successfully help in providing early and adequate treatment, which in turn, reduce the burden of this common condition. Providing parents with educational programs about the efficacy of authoritative parenting style in nurturing their children.

Unsociability With In the Same Sex

Socializing in today’s world is considered as one of the most important things. With the growing concept of social media and many other such aspects, socialization has now gained an even more predominant status. This phenomenon is of most importance among the younger generation, especially the adolescents. This study focuses on the concept of social phobia, also commonly known as social anxiety, among adolescents. This study tries to explore the prevalence of social phobia amongst the adolescent girls belonging to different types of institutions which include a co-ed college and a girls college. The samples for the study were in the age range of 15-17 years, 30 samples from each college. They belonged to eleventh grade. The other variable which was different was that the samples who belonged from the co-ed college belonged to the arts stream, and the samples from the girls college were from the science stream. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (1987;Micheal Liebowitz) was administered on the students to measure the social anxiety, and they were given five open-ended questions which asked them, what would they do in certain social situations and what measures they would take to resolve them if they have any problem in the situations mentioned. The results showed an interesting aspect in respect to the prevalence of social anxiety among adolescent samples belonging to the different set ups of college. There was a difference of 13.34% in the prevalence of the social anxiety levels among the students. The samples from the co-ed college fell in the category of the 13.34%, wherein they showed levels of social anxiety as compared to the social anxiety levels of the samples in the girls’ college. It was also interesting to notice the differences and similarities in the responses the students from the two types of institutions provided. The study focuses on understanding whether the levels of social phobia or anxiety differ among the same gender of females in differing contexts, such as the nature of the institution or the type of stream they choose to study.

Effect of brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy on level of Social Phobia among Nursing Students

Effect of brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy on level of Social Phobia among Nursing Students

A Comparative Study to Assess the Level of Social Phobia among Adolescents in Selected Urban and Rural Higher Secondary Schools at Bengaluru, with a View to Develop an Information Guide Sheet

A Comparative Study to Assess the Level of Social Phobia among Adolescents in Selected Urban and Rural Higher Secondary Schools at Bengaluru, with a View to Develop an Information Guide Sheet

A Comparison of Two Self-Report Measures of Children's Social Anxiety in Clinic and Community Samples

Examined the relations between the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R) in community (n = 178) and clinic (n = 57) samples. A large proportion of children exceeded the recommended SPAI-C and SASC-R cutoffs for suggesting clinically significant levels of social phobia and social anxiety in the community (37% SPAI-C and 20% SASC-R) and clinic (58% SPAI-C and 42% SASC-R) samples. A large proportion of children scoring in the clinical range on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) exceeded the SASC-R and SPAI-C cutoff scores; however, there was notable variability with respect to sample, age group (£10 years and ³11 years), sex, and measure (SPAI-C vs. SASC-R, and CBCL Internalizing vs. Social Competence scale). Using the recommended cutoffs, discriminant function analyses found the classification correspondence between the SPAI-C and SASC-R was significant, with some variability found in the 2 samples, age groups, and sexes (ranging from 82% to 91% classification correspondence). These initial findings highlight a need to consider sample, age, and sex in further examination of the utility and validity of these measures and their recommended cutoffs. Implications for future work examining the linkages between social anxiety and social phobia, as well as for the assessment of children's social anxiety and social fears, are discussed.

Psychological difficulties amongst plastic surgery ex-patients following surgery tothe face: a survey

Qualitative accounts suggest that social difficulties are a major source of psychological disturbance to disfigured people. However, there have been few systematic investigations of their psychological and social difficulties, and those which do exist are usually small studies with methodological difficulties. Social skills training and cognitive-behavioural therapy are promising interventions, particularly if it can be demonstrated that anxiety is a major element of the psychological difficulties experienced by disfigured people.A postal survey was sent to all ex-patients at a plastic surgery clinic who received plastic surgery to the face between 6 months and 5 years 6 months prior to the date of the survey. Of these, 105 ex-patients returned questionnaires, representing a 41.8% response rate. Respondents did not differ from non-respondents according to age, sex or diagnosis. The majority of respondents were not experiencing psychological difficulty, but GHQ caseness, HAD anxiety and HAD depression scores were generally higher than in general population samples. Their levels of social phobia appeared higher than prevalence in the general population, although direct comparison is hampered by the different instruments used. Women showed greater disturbance than men on many of the scales used, and patients who had undergone surgery for revision of scars showed greater disturbance than those who had undergone surgery for cancer. The current study may be considered more representative of disfigured people than previous surveys, since its subjects were neither awaiting nor receiving treatment, although the response rate was still low. Contrary to assertions in previous studies, standardised measures detected dysphoria in this sample. Anxiety, particularly in social situations, with associated phobic avoidance, was the most frequently reported difficulty, with depression considerably less common. Given the success of cognitive-behaviour therapy in addressing such difficulties, both via formal therapy and self-help methods, there are clear implications for treatment from this finding.