FVC Levels Research Articles

Efficacy of inpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is a complex process that involves improving patient mobility by using endurance training and education on healthy attitudes related to diet and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare spirometry results to assess the efficacy of inpatient and at-home post-operative phase II cardiac rehabilitation following coronary artery bypass grafting with extra-corporeal circulation. Materials and methods: A prospective study was carried out on 104 patients awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. Following surgery, the patients were randomized into study and control groups, each consisting of 52 people. The study group underwent inpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation at the Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation for the Clinic of Cardiac Surgery. The control group performed the same exercises in the II phase cardiac rehabilitation at home, according to the program obtained at the hospital. The efficacy of both the inpatient and at-home rehabilitation were determined based on spirometry tests performed the day before the surgery, and at 5 and 25–30 days following the operation. Results: Static analysis of spirometry results tests did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. In the dynamic analysis of data, we determined the differences between the first and second, second and third, and first and third spirometry tests. In the study group, positive statistically significant differences in FVC were found between tests 1–3 (p < 0.001), and 2–3 (p < 0.009). Conclusions: 1. In the static analysis, both rehabilitation models gave similar results in spirometry tests performed 25–30 days post-operatively, not reaching the baseline levels of FEV and FVC. 2. Dynamic analysis indicated, however, a certain advantage of inpatient rehabilitation, as the decreases in FEV between baseline and final levels were significantly lower, and the increments between the tests performed at 5 day and 25–30 days following surgery were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.

라인댄스와 스트레칭 복합운동이 노인들의 대사증후군, 혈류동태 및 폐기능에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of the combined exercise with line dance and stretching on the indicators of metabolic syndrome, hemodynamics and pulmonary function in the elderly.BR Methods: The combined exercise was applied to 31 elderly subjects (male, n=15; female, n=16) with an average age of about 75 years. The combined exercise was consisted of line dance and static stretching. It was applied to subjects twice a week for 60 minutes per session for 5months (20 weeks). In the study, we analyzed the changes of metabolic syndrome index (blood pressure, BP; blood glucose, BG; waist circumstance, WC; triglyceride, TG; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C), hemodynamics indicators (pulse wave korotkoff sound systolic time, TP-KS; pressure rate product, PRP ;total peripheral resistance, TPR), and pulmonary function index (forced vital capacity, FVC) before and after combined exercise. BR Results: The combined exercise significantly lowered the DBP levels in both genders and the BG level in elderly women, but it significantly elevated the TG level in elderly women. The combined exercise did not significantly change the blood flow dynamic indexes in both genders. The combined exercise significantly elevated the level of FVC in elderly women.BR Conclusion : The combined exercise, consisting of line dance and static stretching, partially improves the indicators of metabolic syndrome and pulmonary function in the elderly, but there are some gender differences. After applying combined exercise to the elderly, the index of the metabolic syndrome, hemodynamics and lung function tends to be better than maintenance levels. However, the combined exercise significantly elevates the TG level in elderly women. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the adequacy of TG as a risk factor for vascular disease.

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia in Common Variable Immune Deficiency - Case Report With Disease Monitoring in Various Therapeutic Options: Pleiotropic Effects of Rituximab Regimens.

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease. LIP in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was observed in a patient during immunomodulatory therapy after progression of the disease (i.e., glucocorticoids, immunoglobulin dose escalation, and finally rituximab). Due to humoral immunodeficiency and serious serum sickness rituximab was used initially at a low dose (150 mg/m2 weekly). It resulted in temporary remission with the decrease of serum paraproteinemia, β2-microglobulin (β2M) and SUV decrease as well as increase of FVC. Owing to the relapse after 6-month remission in the second cycle a standard dose of rituximab was used (375 mg/m2). Therapeutic regimen with 375 mg/m2 of Rtx in optimal schedule (i.e., every 3 weeks) resulted in no longer remission but higher incidence of opportunistic infections. Finally, after another cycle of immunotherapy FVC, paraproteinemia and β2M level normalization were observed as well as the decrease of severe splenomegaly. In laboratory and immunological progress the increase of NK and NKT cells was observed after the initial dose but the standard one caused NK cell increase only. Unfortunately, the decrease of CD19+Bcells was comparable between both doses, as was the decline of FoxP3+ regulatory T cell. On the contrary, after the low dose absolute T cell (both CD4 and CD8) number decreased but after the standard one – it normalized. Rtx (especially in low dose) brought further increase of persistent T cell activation (CD38+ T cells made up 79%). Innate immune response and the decrease of Treg are a compensatory pathways for the decrease of B and T cells. Immunodeficiency requires a different investigative approach to a immunotherapy.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02789397.

Electroacupuncture Improves Pulmonary Function of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Down-regulating Inflammatory Reaction and Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor/CD 74-CD 44/p 38 MAPK Signaling in Lung Tissues

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Feishu" (BL 13) on pulmonary function, inflammatory reaction and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor complex CD 74-CD 44, etc. in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of COPD. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model and EA groups (n＝10 in each group). The COPD model was established by intratracheal infusion of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/mL) and forced smoke-inhaling. EA was applied to bilateral ST 36 and BL 13 for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. The rat's lung function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory capacity ratio ([FEV 0.1/FVC] and [FEV 0.3/FVC]) was detected under anesthesia. Pathological changes of the lung tissue were detected by H．E. staining, and the contents of MIF, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and IL-8 in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were assayed by ELISA. The immunoactivity of CD 74 and CD 44 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of MIF, CD 74, CD 44 and p 38 MAPK mRNAs and proteins were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Compared with the normal group, the FVC, FEV 0.1, FEV 0.3, FEV 0.1/FVC and FEV 0.3/FVC levels were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). After EA treatment, the FVC, FEV 0.1, FEV 0.3, FEV 0.1/FVC and FEV 0.3/FVC were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), suggesting an improvement of the pulmonary function after EA. H．E. staining showed that the severity of modeling induced alveolar expansion and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue was relatively milder in the EA group relevant to the model group. The contents of MIF, TNF-α， IL-1 β and IL-8 in the serum, BALF and lung tissues were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group (P<0.01), and significantly down-regulated in the EA group relevant to the model group (P<0.01). The expression levels of MIF, CD 74, CD 44 and p 38 MAPK mRNAs and proteins and the immunoactivity levels of CD 74, CD 44 in the lung tissue were obviously higher in the model group than those in the normal group (P<0.01), and considerably lower in the EA group than those in the model group (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between p 38 MAPK and MIF in mRNA and protein expression levels (P<0.01). EA intervention can improve the pulmonary function in COPD rats, which may be related to its effects in inhibiting inflammatory reaction, and MIF/CD 74-CD 44/p 38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Impact of IgE sensitization and rhinitis on inflammatory biomarkers and lung function in adolescents with and without asthma.

Both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis are associated with worse asthma control. However, it is unclear how IgE sensitization and/or rhinitis are associated with lung function. We therefore evaluated the effect of rhinitis and sensitization on lung function, including the periphery of the airway system, and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with and without asthma. Participants in the BAMSE longitudinal birth cohort study underwent measures of spirometry, impulse oscillometry, and FeNO at age 16years. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on asthma and rhinitis. Blood samples were analyzed for eosinophils and allergen-specific IgE. Groups based on the combination of asthma, rhinitis, and sensitization were compared to a healthy reference group. Lower FEV1 /FVC levels were seen for groups with asthma only (adjusted mean difference -2.8% units (95% CI -4.7; -1.0), P<0.01), asthma with sensitization (-2.0 (-3.9; -0.2), P<0.05), and asthma with sensitization and rhinitis (-2.5 (-3.6; -1.4), P<0.001). The index of peripheral airway resistance R5-20 was higher in groups with asthma and sensitization (adjusted median difference 94.9PaL-1 s-1 (95% CI 60.4; 129.3), P<0.001), as well as asthma with sensitization and rhinitis (36.9(15.0; 58.8), P<0.01). These groups also had increased FeNO and blood eosinophil levels. We found signs of peripheral airway obstruction and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the presence of allergic asthma, irrespective of rhinitis status. Despite having a reduced FEV1 /FVC, peripheral airway engagement was not seen in non-sensitized adolescents with asthma. We suggest that small airway disease is a feature related to the eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma in adolescence.

Lung function growth trajectories in non-asthmatic children aged 4–9 in relation to prenatal exposure to airborne particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – Krakow birth cohort study

BackgroundPatterns of lung function development during childhood can be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. A variety of environmental and lifestyle factors, present from the prenatal period to adulthood, may affect or modulate lung function growth. The aim of this study was to investigate, the associations between individual growth trajectories of children's lung function during childhood and prenatal exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which were hypothesized to adversely affect spirometry parameters. Material and methodsThe study group comprised 294 non-asthmatic, full term children from the Krakow birth cohort, who underwent annual spirometry testing at the ages of 4–9 years. Individual personal air monitoring of PM2.5 and PAH were performed over 48 h in the second trimester of pregnancy. Possible confounders or modifiers such as child's gender, height, atopic status and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were considered. Polynomial multilevel mixed models were used to assess the growth rates of children's lung functions. ResultsLung function trajectories differed significantly for boys and girls for FVC, FEV1 and FEF25–75. Girls had lower rates of increase than boys: − 20.5 (95%CI: − 32.4; − 8.6) ml/year (FVC); − 19.9 (95%CI: −30.7;−9.0) ml/year (FEV1); and − 32.5 (95%CI: − 56.9; − 8.2) ml/year (FEF25–75). Spirometry functions increased with age; however the growth rate decelerated over time. Significant lung function impairment (lower FVC and FEV1 levels) was observed from 4 to 9 years among subjects prenatally exposed to higher levels of PM2.5 as well as PAH, but not in the case of FEF25-75. No significant differences were observed in the rates of increase over time in relation to prenatal PM2.5 and PAH exposure. ConclusionOur results indicate that in non-asthmatic children high prenatal exposure to airborne PM2.5 and PAH is associated with lower trajectories of FVC and FEV1, but not the rate of increase over time, suggesting that the initial effect is not diminishing in time.

Effect of preoperative respiratory exercise on pulmonary function and complications in elderly patients after abdominal operation

Objective To compare and analyze the effects of preoperative respiratory function exercise on postoperative pulmonary function and complications in elderly patients who undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods A total of 92 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery were recruited. They were randomly divided into observation group(46 cases) and control group(46 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with routine preoperative care methods, the observation group was given preoperative respiratory exercise on the basis of the control group. The pulmonary function tests were performed pre and post surgery. Then, the postoperative pulmonary complications, VC, FEV1, FVC, MVV and the average length of hospital stay of the two groups were recorded and compared. Results After operation, the levels of VC, FEV1, FVC and MVV in the control group were (2.48±0.71)L, (51.40±10.10)L, (1.79±0.17)L, (62.40±13.00)L/min, respectively, which in the observation group were (2.89±0.72)L, (63.20±9.60)L, (2.21±0.16)L and(73.30±12.70)L/min, respectively, the differences between the two groups were significant(t=2.750, 5.743, 12.202, 4.068, all P<0.05). The average hospitalization time in the observation group was (11.62±1.41)d, which was significantly shorter than (15.56±6.23)d in the control group(t=4.163, P<0.001). The incidence rate of pulmonary infection in the control group was 26.09%, which was significantly higher than 8.69% in the observation group(χ2=4.842, P<0.05). Conclusion The respiratory function training can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients with abdominal surgery, improve the patients’ postoperative pulmonary function, and shorten the patients’ hospital recovery time. Respiratory function exercise is a simple method, and is worthy of promotion in related fields. Key words: Breathing exercises; Respiratory function tests; Postoperative complications; Aged

Biomarkers for Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis and Lung Ventilation Function in Chinese Occupational Refractory Ceramic Fibers-Exposed Workers.

Refractory ceramic fibers (RCFs) can cause adverse health effects on workers’ respiratory system, yet no proper biomarkers have been used to detect early pulmonary injury of RCFs-exposed workers. This study assessed the levels of two biomarkers that are related to respiratory injury in RCFs-exposed workers, and explored their relations with lung function. The exposure levels of total dust and respirable fibers were measured simultaneously in RCFs factories. The levels of TGF-β1 and ceruloplasmin (CP) increased with the RCFs exposure level (p < 0.05), and significantly increased in workers with high exposure level (1.21 ± 0.49 ng/mL, 115.25 ± 32.44 U/L) when compared with the control group (0.99 ± 0.29 ng/mL, 97.90 ± 35.01 U/L) (p < 0.05). The levels of FVC and FEV1 were significantly decreased in RCFs exposure group (p < 0.05). Negative relations were found between the concentrations of CP and FVC (B = −0.423, p = 0.025), or FEV1 (B = −0.494, p = 0.014). The concentration of TGF-β1 (B = 0.103, p = 0.001) and CP (B = 8.027, p = 0.007) were associated with respirable fiber exposure level. Occupational exposure to RCFs can impair lung ventilation function and may have the potential to cause pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. TGF-β1 and CP might be used as sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers to detect lung injury in occupational RCFs-exposed workers. Respirable fiber concentration can better reflect occupational RCFs exposure and related respiratory injuries.

Influence of tiotropium bromide on lung function index, quality of life and re-hospitalization risk of patients with bronchial dilation and pulmonary infection

Objective To investigate the influence of tiotropium bromide on lung function index, quality of life and re-hospitalization risk of patients with bronchial dilation and pulmonary infection. Methods 100 patients with bronchiectasis and lung infection were chosen, and they were randomly divided into control group(50 patients) with BAL used alone and observation group(50 patients) with tiotropium bromide on the basis of control group.The short-term clinical effects, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1%, BODE index scores and QLI scores before and after treatment, and re-hospitalization rate of the two groups were compared. Results The short-term effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(94.00% vs.76.00%, χ2=7.81, P<0.05). The levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1% after treatment of both two groups were significantly higher than before treatment[(2.78±0.57)L vs.(2.15±0.33)L, (3.60±0.71)L vs.(2.20±0.36)L; (2.15±0.42)L vs.(1.23±0.32)L, (2.77±0.59)L vs.(1.17±0.29)L; (65.25±11.45)% vs.(51.79±9.23)%, (77.46±15.80)% vs.(52.02±9.36)%, t=2.34, 2.97; 2.52, 3.07; 2.47, 3.12, all P<0.05]. After treatment, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1% of the observation group were significantly higher than control group[(3.60±0.71)L vs.(2.78±0.57)L; (2.77±0.59)L vs.(2.15±0.42)L; (77.46±15.80)% vs.(65.25±11.45)%, t=2.26, 2.44, 2.30, all P<0.05]. The QLI score and BODE index scores after treatment of both two groups were significantly better than before treatment[(3.37±0.54)points vs.(3.95±0.65)points, (2.11±0.40)points vs.(3.87±0.61)points, (7.28±1.18)points vs.(5.04±0.95)points, (8.69±1.54)points vs.(5.13±0.98)points, t=2.29, 2.81; 2.50, 2.96, all P<0.05]. After treatment, the QLI score and BODE index scores of the observation group were significantly better than the control group[(2.11±0.40)points vs.(3.37±0.54)points, (8.69±1.54)points vs.(7.28±1.18)points, t=2.21, 2.44, all P<0.05]. The re-hospitalization rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(16.00% vs.2.00%; 28.00% vs.6.00%; χ2=8.02, 9.74, all P<0.05). Conclusion Selective cholinergic receptor blocker combined with BAL in the treatment of patients with bronchial dilation and pulmonary infection can efficiently relieve the respiratory symptoms, improve lung function, improve the quality of life and is helpful to avoid re-hospitalization occurrence. Key words: Bronchiectasis; Respiratory tract infections; Quality of life; Tiotropium bromide

Clinical effect of Haizhu-Chuanxdingi tablet with MORA-super Bio-Resonance in bronchial asthma and its influence on the levels of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, TLR2 and ECP in patients

Objective To explore the clinical effect of Haizhu-Chuanxiding tablet with MORA-super bio-resonance in bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 94 patients met the inclusion criteria in our hospital were divided control group and observe group by a random way, 47 in each group. The control group was treated with MORA-super bio-resonance while the treatment group with Haizhu-Chuanxiding tablet on the base of control group. The treatment time was 50 days in the 2 groups. After the treatment, the effects in the 2 groups were compared. Before and after the treatment, the levels of lung function (FVC, PEF, FEV1% and FEV1), inflammation index (hs-CRP, IL-8,TNF-α and IL-4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were detected in the 2 groups. Results After the treatment, the effect rate was 91.5% (43/47) in the observe group, significantly higher than 72.3% (34/47) in the control group (Z=4.201, P=0.037). After the treatment, the levels of FVC (2.45 ± 0.37 L vs. 1.93 ± 0.32 L, t=3.561), PEF(6.16 ± 1.25 L/s vs. 5.56 ± 1.10 L/s, t=3.413), FEV1/FVC (68.39% ± 6.44% vs. 62.31% ± 5.97%, t=3.315) and FEV1 (2.61 ± 0.56 L vs. 2.21 ± 0.47 L, t=3.672) in the observe group significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of hs-CRP (8.14 ± 0.42 mg/L vs. 12.41 ± 0.65 mg/L, t=3.424), IL-8 (113.47 ± 11.13 ng/L vs. 153.81 ± 19.73 ng/L, t=3.692), TNF-α (0.31 ± 0.04 ng/L vs. 0.70 ± 0.13 ng/L, t=3.923)], IL-4 (39.43 ± 6.23 ng/L vs. 47.75 ± 8.23 ng/L, t=3.783) in the observe group significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of MMP-9 (84.89 ± 9.19 ng/ml vs. 113.35 ± 11.35 ng/ml, t=3.671), TIMP-1 (91.53 ± 8.78 ng/ml vs. 131.15 ± 12.45 ng/ml, t=3.782), ECP (19.43 ± 1.33 ng/L vs. 25.75 ± 2.13 ng/L, t=3.561) in the observe group significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The level of TLR2 (270.31 ± 7.01 ng/L vs. 198.70 ± 10.13 ng/L; t=3.871, P=0.038) in the observe group significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Haizhu-Chuanxiding tablet with MORA-super bio-resonance in bronchial asthma showed a good effect on patients with bronchial asthma and could promote the inflammation and lung function in patients. Key words: Asthma; Bronchi; Haizhu-Chuanxiding pian; MORA-super bio-resonance; Lung function; Cytokines; Clinical study

Restrictive Spirometry Pattern Is Associated With Increased Arterial Stiffness in Men and Women

There is growing evidence that pulmonary function impairment is related to cardiovascular events and death. Some studies have shown that the level of FVC is negatively related to arterial stiffness, but most studies were confined to men, and none of them examined the association of the presence of restrictive spirometry pattern with arterial stiffness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of restrictive spirometry pattern with arterial stiffness by sex. This study recruited 2,961 subjects after excluding those with (1) obstructive lung disease, as defined by history and pulmonary function test; (2) history of asthma, lung cancer, tuberculosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, or any pulmonary structural deformities; and (3) medications influencing BP, plasma glucose, lipid profile, and pulmonary function test. Restrictive spirometry pattern was diagnosed as an FVC< 80%of the predicted value and an FEV1/FVC ratio≥ 70%. Increased arterial stiffness was defined as right brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)≥ 1,400cm/s. In both men and women, FVC was negatively associated with the baPWV level. Restrictive spirometry pattern was positively associated with increased arterial stiffness inboth men and women (men: OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.33-3.50; women: OR, 1.95; 95%CI, 1.02-3.72) after adjustment for other clinical variables. Both restrictive spirometry pattern and reduced FVC were associated with a higher risk of arterial stiffness, not only in men but also in women. Clinically, assessment of arterial stiffness might be considered in individuals with restrictive spirometry pattern.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СИЛОВОЙ ТРЕНИРОВКИ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ МЫШЦ НА ОДЫШКУ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩУЮ ПРИ ПОДЪЕМЕ РУК БЕЗ ПОДДЕРЖКИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ

Aim. Present study aimed to identify the effect of an inspiratory muscle strength training program versus sham inspiratory muscle strength training program on the dyspnoea arising from unsupported arm elevation in COPD patients. Materials and Methods. Forty four COPD patients (U-40 to U-50) and with severe COPD (FEV1 = 50-70 % of predicted) were recruited and assigned to an experimental (EXP) or control group (CON). The training program consisted of 5 sessions/wk. (6 x 3 minute bouts of loaded breathing with 2 minutes rest periods between bouts) during 10 wk. Results. The outcome measured included airway obstruction (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEFR). inspiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure (PI. max)), and exercise capacity (six minute walk distance test (6MWDT)). Our inspiratory muscle strength training program improves of all parameters of the EXP. but no significant improve is at the level of FVC. FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR. 6MWDT. Sp02 before and after 6MWDT, PL max. and dyspnoea (VAS) after sham inspiratory muscle strength training program for CON. FEV1 before training for EXP was (54.81 ± 3.53) and after training improved into (70.87 ± 1.54) while for CON was (77.81 ± 6.00) before training and (77.93 ± 5.8) after training. Conclusion. Our study found that SIMT by using threshold loading device resulted in improve pulmonary function indices and then alleviate symptoms and improve UAE performance, in addition to develop dyspnoea. Therefore. S-SIMT didn’t lead to develop breathing symptoms, pulmonary function, and accessoiy muscles strength then effected on arm elevation.

Serum KL-6 in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: China compared historically with Germany and Japan

KL-6 is a biomarker of the severity of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We noticed a significant difference in the mean serum KL-6 level between Japanese and Caucasian patients. To assess the clinical value of serum KL-6 in Chinese PAP patients, and to compare the differences in serum KL-6 levels in Chinese patients and patients of other ethnicities. From 2014-2016, we prospectively examined 37 Chinese Han patients with PAP, measured their serum KL-6 levels, evaluated the correlation between initial KL-6 levels and clinical variables, and compared our results with studies from Japan and Germany (similar methods were used). We searched dbSNP for the MUC1 568 (rs4072037) genotype or allele frequency distributions in China, Japan, and Germany. Initial serum KL-6 levels were significantly correlated with baseline PaO2, A-aDO2, DLCO, FVC, and LDH levels (all P<0.001). Compared with Chinese PAP patients, the mean serum KL-6 level was significantly lower in German PAP patients (P<0.001) but not in Japanese PAP patients (P>0.4). In the rs4072037 allele frequency distributions, the frequency of the A/A genotype was significantly higher while that of the G/G genotype was significantly lower in Chinese and Japanese cohorts than in Caucasian cohorts (both P<0.001). Serum KL-6 can be used as a biological indicator for disease monitoring in Chinese patients. The difference in serum KL-6 level among Chinese, German, and Japanese PAP patients may be associated with the distribution of the rs4072037 genotype.

Air Pollution and Lung Capacity of People Living around the Cement Industry

Backgrounds: A cement industry is one of anthropogenic sources of air pollution. In polluting the air, the industry creates some dust particles, nitrogen oxide (NO2), sulfur oxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO).Research Purpose: The research aims at finding out the ambient air quality around a cement industry and relating it with the lung capacity of people living around the area.Methodology: This research uses cross sectional studies by measuring the ambient air quality in the morning, noon, and evening in four different settlements within 3 km from the cement industry. The measurement is then correlated with the FEV1 and FVC of lung capacity of people living around the area.Result: Of all four locations, three have ambient air quality (PM2.5 = 109.47 µg/Nm3, TSP = 454.7 µg/Nm3) that surpass the quality standard (PM2.5 = 65 µg/Nm3, TSP = 230 µg/Nm3). Of 241 respondents, the average level of FVC and FEV1 is respectively 1.9352 liter (SD: 0.45578) and 1.7486 liter (SD: 0.43874). Furthermore, the level of PM2.5 in the morning and at noon is respectively p=0.009 and p=0.003; the level of TSP in the morning and at noon is respectively p=0.003 and p=0.01; the level of NO2 in the morning is p=0.006; the level of SO2 in the morning, at noon and in the evening is respectively p=0.000, p=0.022, and p=0.000; and the level of CO in the morning, at noon and in the evening is respectively p=0.003, p=0.015, and p=0.024. Those levels are associated with the level of respondents’ FEV1. Moreover, the level of TSP in the morning is p=0.024; the level of SO2 in the morning and in the evening is p=0.007. These levels relate to the level of respondents’ FVC.Keywords: FVC, FEV1, CO, NO2, SO2, TSP, PM2.5, cement industry.

Combined effect of urinary monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and impaired lung function on diabetes

Associations of type 2 diabetes with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and reduced lung function have been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate effect of reduced lung function and exposure to background PAHs on diabetes. A total of 2730 individuals were drawn from the Wuhan-Zhuhai (WHZH) Cohort Study (n=3053). Participants completed physical examination, measurement of lung function and urinary monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis, and the presence of additive interaction between levels of urinary OH-PAHs and lower lung function was evaluated by calculation of the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). Urinary OH-PAHs levels was positively associated with type 2 diabetes among individuals with impaired lung function (p<0.05). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1, odd ratio (OR): 0.664, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.491–0.900) and forced vital capacity (FVC, OR: 0.693, 95% CI: 0.537–0.893) were negatively associated with diabetes among individuals. Additive interaction of higher urinary levels of OH-PAHs and lower FVC (RERI: 0.679, 95% CI: 0.120–1.238); AP: 0.427, 95% CI: 0.072–0.782) was associated with diabetes. Exposure to background PAHs was related to diabetes among individuals with lower lung function. Urinary levels of OH-PAHs and reduced lung function had an additive effect on diabetes.

Recent Marijuana Use and Associations With Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Pulmonary Function in Adults in the United States

The medical and recreational use of marijuana is now legal in some parts of the United States; the health effects are unknown. We aimed to evaluate associations between recent marijuana use and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and pulmonary function. We performed a cross-sectional study of 10,327 US adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the years 2007 to 2012. We examined associations between marijuana use and eNO, FEV1, FVC, the FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow (midexpiratory phase) (FEF25%-75%) by weighted linear regression. In the study population, there were 4,797 never users, 4,084 past marijuana users, 555 participants who used marijuana 5 to 30days before the examination, and 891 participants who used marijuana 0 to 4days before the examination. Current marijuana use in the past 4days was associated with 13%lower eNO (95%CI, -18%to 8%). FVC was higher in past users (75mL; 95%CI, 38-112) and current users in the past 5 to 30days (159mL; 95%CI, 80-237) and in users within 0 to 4days of the examination (204mL; 95%CI, 139-270) compared with never users. All associations remained unchanged and statistically significant in sensitivity analyses excluding current and past tobacco users. Current marijuana use was associated with lower levels of eNO and higher FVC. The lower eNO in marijuana smokers suggests that short-term exposure to marijuana may, like tobacco, acutely affect the pulmonary vascular endothelium and impair airflow through the small airways.

Sputum periostin in patients with different severe asthma phenotypes.

Identifying inflammatory phenotypes is relevant in severe uncontrolled asthma. The aim of this study was to identify the different clinical, inflammatory, functional, and molecular phenotypes in patients with severe asthma and to investigate the potential role of sputum periostin as a biomarker of severe asthma phenotypes. Sputum induction was performed in 62 patients diagnosed with severe asthma. Skin prick testing, lung function tests, exhaled nitric oxide, hematimetry, and total serum IgE were performed. Periostin was measured in sputum supernatants. Patients with asthma were phenotyped and 80% had late-onset asthma, 50% had fixed airflow obstruction, and 66% showed a Th2-high phenotype. With respect to inflammatory phenotypes, 71% were eosinophilic and 25% mixed granulocytic. Periostin levels were higher in patients with fixed as compared to variable airflow limitation (69.76 vs 43.84pg/ml, P<0.05) and in patients with eosinophilic as compared to mixed granulocytic phenotype (61.58 vs 37.31pg/ml, P<0.05). There was an inverse correlation between postbronchodilator FEV1 /FVC and periostin levels (-0.276, P<0.05). This study demonstrates the utility of periostin in phenotyping severe asthma. Periostin levels in sputum are associated with persistent airflow limitation in asthma patients with airway eosinophilia despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids.

The Effect of Eight-week Workout Specific to Basketball on some Physical and Physiological Parameters

This study has been carried out to research the effect of eight-week basketball workout on some physical and physiological parameters. The research has been applied to the athletes of Uşak Sports Inc. taking place in Beko Basketball League. The sportsmen average age 26,00±3,16 years, average height 196,62±9,91cm, average weight 196,62±9,91cm and body–mass index was 24,33±1,68kg/m2, have participated. Anaerobic power test (before and after the workout in preparation stage), aerobic power, lactate test (shortly after the practice and 3minutes later) the strength of hand grip, the strength of back-leg, flexibility test and some pulmonary function tests have been carried out. A non-parametric test, ‘wilcoxon signed ranks test’ has been used to evaluate the data. Significant variations between anaerobic power, aerobic power, flexibility, FVC, FEV1 values and lactate levels three minutes after the training, the values of back-leg strength (p<0,05) have been established from the result of the measurement. On the other hand, it has been determined that there is no statistically significant variation between lactate after the workout, the strength of right and left grip and FEV1/FVC values. (p>0,05). As a result, it was seen that the eight-week workout specific to basketball held during the preparation stage improved some physical and physiological properties of sportsmen. It was found out that their lactate tolerance was increased. Therefore, their recovery time shortened and readiness level increased.

Long-Term Effects of Traffic Particles on Lung Function Decline in the Elderly

Few studies have been performed on air pollution effects on lung function in the elderly, a vulnerable population with low reserve capacity, and even fewer have looked at changes in the rate of lung function decline. We evaluated the effect of long-term exposure to black carbon on levels and rates of decline in lung function in the elderly. FVC and FEV1 were measured one to six times during the period 1995-2011 in 858 men participating in the Normative Aging Study. Exposure to black carbon, a tracer of traffic emissions, was estimated by a spatiotemporal land use regression model. We investigated the effects of moving averages of black carbon of 1-5 years before the lung function measurement using linear mixed models. A 0.5 μg/m(3) increase in long-term exposure to black carbon was associated with an additional rate of decline in FVC and FEV1 of between 0.5% and 0.9% per year, respectively, depending on the averaging time. In addition, black carbon exposure before the baseline visit was associated with lower levels of both FVC and FEV1, with effect estimates increasing up to 6-7% with a 5-year average exposure. Our results support adverse effects of long-term exposure to traffic particles on lung function level and rate of decline in the elderly and suggest that functionally significant differences in health and risk of disability occur below the annual Environmental Protection Agency National Air Quality Standards.

Anthropometric, Physical, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Lipids and Lipoproteins Profile of Young Indian Children of 10-16 Years Age Group

Sports talent may be identified from young children when they show interest in different sports. Anthropometric, physical, cardiorespiratory fitness and lipids profiles contribute to selection procedures. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anthropometric, physical, cardiorespiratiory fitness and lipids and lipoprotein profiles of 10-16 yrs children, in order to identify sports talent in them. A total of 225 male children of 10-16 yrs age volunteered for this study; were divided equally into 3 groups (i) Prepubertal (age-11.0 ± 0.8yrs, n=75); (ii) Pubertal (age 13.5 ± 0.5 yrs, n=75); (iii) Postpubertal (age 15.5 ± 0.5 yrs, n=75). Selected anthropometric, physical and cardiorespiratiory fitness variables were measured for each group. A significantly (P<0.05) greater height, body mass, BSA, LBM, mid upper arm circumference, hip and trunk flexibility, grip strengths, abdominal strength, elastic leg strength, maximum speed, peak power, VO2max, FVC, FEV1, PEFR, blood pressure and serum HDL-C level were observed in Postpubertal children when compared to Prepubertal and Pubertal children. However, a significantly (P<0.05) lower percent body fat, reaction time, maximal heart rate, recovery heart rates and serum triglyceride level were noted in Postpubertal children when compared to Prepubertal and Pubertal children. The waist- hip ratio of pubertal children was noted significantly higher (P<0.05) when compared to prepubertal and postpurbertal children. No significant change was reported in BMI, resting heart rate, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels among the groups. Identification of children at early stage of their growth and development may produce elite athletes in the future. Talent identification also can be used as a counseling technique that helps to discover and explore areas of talent for particular athletes.