Levels Of Apolipoprotein Research Articles

Application of Logistic regression and decision tree analysis in prediction of acute myocardial infarction events

To evaluate the application of decision tree method and Logistic regression in the prediction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) events. The clinical data of 295 patients, who underwent coronary angiography due to angina or chest pain with unidentified causes in Zhejiang provincial People's Hospital during October 2018 and April 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty five patients were identified as AMI. Logistic regression and decision tree methods were performed to establish predictive models for the occurrence of AMI, respectively; and the models created by decision tree analysis were divided into Logistic regression-independent model (Tree 1) and Logistic regression-dependent model (Tree 2). The performance of Logistic regression and decision tree models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression analysis showed that history of coronary artery disease, multi-vessel coronary artery disease, statin use and apolipoprotein (ApoA1) level were independent influencing factors of AMI events (all P<0.05). Logistic regression-independent decision tree model (Tree 1) showed that multi-vessel coronary artery disease was the root node, and history of coronary artery disease, ApoA1 level (the cutoff value:1.314 g/L) and anti-platelet drug use were descendant nodes. In Logistic regression-dependent decision tree model (Tree 2), multi-vessel coronary artery disease was still the root node, but only followed by two descendant nodes including history of coronary artery disease and ApoA1 level. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC of Logistic regression model was 0.826, and AUCs of decision tree models were 0.765 and 0.726, respectively. AUC of Logistic regression model was significantly higher than that of Tree 2 (95% CI=0.041-0.145, Z=3.534, P<0.001), but was not higher than that of Tree 1 (95% CI=-0.014-0.121, Z=-1.173, P>0.05). The predictive value for AMI event was comparable between Logistic regression-independent decision tree model and Logistic regression model, implying the data mining methods are feasible and effective in AMI prevention and control.

Comparison of apolipoprotein levels with conventional Lipid profile parameters in patients with coronary heart disease

Comparison of apolipoprotein levels with conventional Lipid profile parameters in patients with coronary heart disease - IJCBR- Print ISSN No: - 2394-6369 Online ISSN No:- 2394-6377 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2019.107, International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research-Int J Clin Biochem Res

Estimation of apolipoprotein A in early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

The role of apolipoprotein A in early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is not clear. This study sought to assess the apolipoprotein A in cohort of patients diagnosed with early onset acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and to corelate it with major traditional cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 50 such patients and 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls, both aged less than 50 years with their baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were studied. Apolipoprotein A was estimated for all enrollees. The mean age of cases was 43.37 ± 5.85 years. The levels of apolipoprotein A among cases were not significantly lower compared to controls (P = 0.52). They were lower among the male, current smokers and the dyslipidemia (P's < 0.05). Considering the apolipoprotein A as the dependent factor, the early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was associated significantly with the male and the dyslipidemia in linear regression (P < 0.001 and 0.030), respectively. Lower levels of apolipoprotein A are significantly related to conventional risk factors in early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. This apolipoprotein A that particularly develops in young patients with clustering of traditional cardiovascular risk factors should be targeted. Further studies are warranted to determine the diagnostic and prognostic indicators of this apolipoprotein in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

The effect of genistein on lipid levels and LDLR, LXR\u03b1 and ABCG1 expression in postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia

BackgroundThis study investigates the effect of genistein (Gen) on the lipid profiles and expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in the plasma macrophages of postmenopausal women with hyperlipidemia in China.MethodsThis study considered 187 cases, where 160 postmenopausal women had hyperlipidemia. The subjects were divided into placebo group (PG) and experimental group (EG). EG received 60 mg/day of Gen, PG received placebo for 6 months. Body weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and glucose levels were determined according to standard operating procedures. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) levels were detected in the plasma macrophages using ELISA. The protein and mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 were detected by western blot and real-time PCR techniques, respectively.ResultsCompared to the baseline, Gen effectively lowered TG, TC and LDL-C levels, whereas HDL-C levels as well as the protein and mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 (p < 0.05) were increased. There was a significant difference in the expression of LDLR protein between the two groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of LDLR, LXRα and ABCG1 were significantly increased in the EG compared to the PG.ConclusionGen effectively modulated the plasma lipid indices. The cholesterol-lowering effects of Gen may be attributed to its regulation on some of the key genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis.

Altered HDL particle in sickle cell disease: decreased cholesterol content is associated with hemolysis, whereas decreased Apolipoprotein A1 is linked to inflammation

BackgroundHypocholesterolemia is the most frequently encountered lipid abnormality in sickle cell disease (SCD). We enrolled pediatric patients to determine the relationships between lipid profile and parameters of hemolysis, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in SCD.MethodsThe study involved 35 pediatric SCD patients and 19 healthy controls. Patients were crisis-free and had not received transfusions for the last 3 months. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, LCAT, LDH, bilirubin, haptoglobin, iron, ferritin, hemin, serum amyloid A (SAA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), uric acid, ALT and GGT levels were evaluated in patients’ blood.ResultsPatients had hypocholesterolemia depicted by lower levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, as well as Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein B compared to controls. The chronic hemolysis of SCD was evident in patients by higher LDH and bilirubin and almost undetectable haptoglobin levels. Hemin levels (as a measure of oxidized heme) were significantly increased in patients with SCD. Inflammation markers, SAA and MPO, were significantly increased in the patients as well. There were negative correlations between HDL-C and LDH, and Apo A1 and SAA. Hemin was positively correlated to MPO.ConclusionHemolysis was associated with decreased HDL –C, and Inflammation was linked to decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels in our SCD patients. Therefore, we suggest that the HDL particle is altered during the course of the disease. The altered HDL in SCD may become dysfunctional and result with a slowing down of the reverse cholesterol transport.

Apolipoprotein B discordance with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in relation to coronary artery calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Discordant levels of apolipoprotein B (apo B) relative to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) may be associated with subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The present study investigated whether discordance between apo B and LDL-C or non-HDL-C levels was associated with subclinical ASCVD measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC). This study was conducted in a subpopulation of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, aged 45 to 84years, free of ASCVD, and not taking lipid-lowering medications at the baseline (2000-2002) (prevalence analytic N=4623; incidence analytic N=2216; progression analytic N=3947). Apo B discordance relative to LDL-C and non-HDL-C was defined using residuals and percentile rankings (>5/10/15 percentile). Associations with prevalent and incident CAC (CAC > 0 vs CAC=0) were assessed using prevalence ratio/relative risk regression and CAC progression (absolute increase/year) using multinomial logistic regression. Higher apo B levels were associated with CAC prevalence, incidence, and progression. Apo B discordance relative to LDL-C or non-HDL-C was inconsistently associated with CAC prevalence and progression. Discordantly high apo B relative to LDL-C and non-HDL-C was associated with CAC progression. Associations for apo B discordance with non-HDL-C remained after further adjustment for metabolic syndrome components. Apo B was associated with CAC among adults aged ≥45years not taking statins, but provided only modest additional predictive value of apo B for CAC prevalence, incidence, or progression beyond LDL-C or non-HDL-C. Apo B discordance may still be important for ASCVD risk assessment and further research is needed to confirm findings.

Apolipoprotein A-I primes beta cells to increase glucose stimulated insulin secretion

The increase of plasma levels of high-density lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), its main protein component, has been shown to have a positive action on glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients. The current study investigates the unexplored function of ApoA-I to prime beta cells for improved insulin secretion.INS-1E rat clonal beta cells as well as isolated murine islets were used to study the effect of ApoA-I on responsiveness of the beta cells to high glucose challenge. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to dissect ApoA-I mechanisms of action. Chemical endocytosis blockers were used to understand the role of ApoA-I internalization in mediating its positive effect.Pre-incubation of beta cells and isolated murine islets with ApoA-I augmented glucose stimulated insulin secretion. This effect appeared to be due to an increased reservoir of insulin granules at the cell membrane, as confirmed by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, ApoA-I induced pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) shuttling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, with the subsequent increase in the proinsulin processing enzyme protein convertase 1 (PC1/3). Finally, the blockade of ApoA-I endocytosis in beta cells resulted in a loss of ApoA-I positive action on insulin secretion.The proposed mechanisms of the phenomenon here described include ApoA-I internalization into beta cells, PDX1 nuclear translocation, and increased levels of proinsulin processing enzymes. Altogether, these events lead to an increased number of insulin granules.

Role of Apolipoprotein D in Spatial Memory and on the Levels of the Antioxidant Apolipoprotein J in the Brain

Role of Apolipoprotein D in Spatial Memory and on the Levels of the Antioxidant Apolipoprotein J in the Brain

Serum Metabolomic Profiling Correlated with ISS and Clinical Outcome for Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with High Dose Melphalan and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Background. The prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved significantly in the last two decades. However, the outcome after initial high dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell infusion (ASCT) is very diverse and prognostic markers, based on techniques such as FISH and next generation sequencing have been proposed. Metabolomics, where low molecular weight molecules are detected in body fluids or tissues, is an emerging technique used for diagnostics and prognosis in different cancers. Indeed, as the metabolome is the final down-stream product of the metabolic processes in the organism, it could be highly representative of a disease phenotype. In this study we wanted to examine the metabolomic profile in MM patients treated with ASCT, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, with the primary aim to determine if possible differences could be correlated to clinical outcome. Patients. MM patients from two Swedish regions, Skåne and Västra Götaland, diagnosed from Jan 2006 to Dec 2016 were identified using the Swedish National Myeloma Registry and ASCT lists from the Sahlgrenska and Lund University Hospitals. Patients with stored serum in the Swedish National Myeloma Biobank, from the time of diagnosis (and pre-treatment), who underwent ASCT as part of the first line therapy were included. A total of 201 patients were included. Clinical data, such as ISS, paraprotein type, high risk cytogenetics, induction therapy, response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were obtained from the Swedish National Myeloma Registry or from medical records. Last follow-up was Feb 2019. Methods. Serum samples were analyzed using a 600 MHz 1H NMR spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm BBI room temperature probe. After the 1H NMR data acquisition, peak picking, alignment and integration of the 1D CPMG data was performed in R with an in-house developed script using the speaq-package. The integrated peak data was analyzed using multivariate statistics in SIMCA 14. Principal component analysis was used to check for outliers, followed by discriminant analysis using orthogonal projections to latent structures - discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to discriminate between patients with differences in ISS stage and paraprotein type. The validity of the models was judged from R2 and Q2 values compared to permutation tests. Results. As expected, PFS after ASCT differed significantly between the ISS groups. We found that patients with ISS stage III had a significantly different metabolomic profile than stage I patients (Fig 1). Among the most discriminating metabolites were e.g. the amino acids valine, alanine, glutamine and leucine which were higher in the ISS I group. Interestingly, stage I patients had a totally different lipid profile: they had significantly higher levels of apolipoproteins A1 and A2, the total cholesterol level and in most HDL and LDL main fractions compared to stage III patients. Furthermore, IgA patients had a different metabolomic profile compared with IgG patients (Fig 2), where e.g. the level of N-acetylated amino acids were higher in IgA patients. We found no metabolomic correlation with gender, response or high risk cytogenetics. Discussion. We found in this study that the serum metabolomic profile at diagnosis differed in ASCT-treated MM patients with low and high ISS stage. We also found different patterns in patients with IgA vs IgG myeloma. A certain metabolomic pattern could reflect a more aggressive disease and also give potential information on different host factors important for the course of the disease. Together, these findings could form a base for future metabolomic studies of the biology of MM. Figure 1 Disclosures Mellqvist: Amgen, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Sandoz, Takeda: Honoraria.

Subtypes Based on Six Apolipoproteins in Non-Demented Elderly Are Associated with Cognitive Decline and Subsequent Tau Accumulation in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Apolipoproteins (APOs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed to investigate if patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) APOs (APOA-I, APOC-III, APOD, APOE, APOH, and APOJ) levels are associated with changes over time in cognition, memory performance, neuroimaging markers, and AD-related pathologies (CSF Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau) in non-demented older adults. At baseline, a total of 241 non-demented older adults with CSF APOs data was included in the present analysis. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis including the six CSF APOs was carried out. Among non-demented older adults, we identified two clusters. Compare with the first cluster, the second cluster had higher levels of APOs in CSF. Additionally, the second cluster showed a more benign disease course, including slower cognitive decline and slower p-tau accumulation in CSF. Our data highlight the importance of APOs in the pathogenesis of AD.

Blood biomarkers with Parkinson's disease clusters and prognosis: The oxford discovery cohort.

BackgroundPredicting prognosis in Parkinson's disease (PD) has important implications for individual prognostication and clinical trials design and targeting novel treatments. Blood biomarkers could help in this endeavor.MethodsWe identified 4 blood biomarkers that might predict prognosis: apolipoprotein A1, C‐reactive protein, uric acid and vitamin D. These biomarkers were measured in baseline serum from 624 Parkinson's disease subjects (median disease duration, 1.0 years; interquartile range, 0.5–2.0) from the Oxford Discovery prospective cohort. We compared these biomarkers against PD subtypes derived from clinical features in the baseline cohort using data‐driven approaches. We used multilevel models with MDS‐UPDRS parts I, II, and III and Montreal Cognitive Assessment as outcomes to test whether the biomarkers predicted subsequent progression in motor and nonmotor domains. We compared the biomarkers against age of PD onset and age at diagnosis. The q value, a false‐discovery rate alternative to P values, was calculated as an adjustment for multiple comparisons.ResultsApolipoprotein A1 and C‐reactive protein levels differed across our PD subtypes, with severe motor disease phenotype, poor psychological well‐being, and poor sleep subtype having reduced apolipoprotein A1 and higher C‐reactive protein levels. Reduced apolipoprotein A1, higher C‐reactive protein, and reduced vitamin D were associated with worse baseline activities of daily living (MDS‐UPDRS II).ConclusionBaseline clinical subtyping identified a pro‐inflammatory biomarker profile significantly associated with a severe motor/nonmotor disease phenotype, lending biological validity to subtyping approaches. No blood biomarker predicted motor or nonmotor prognosis. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Correlation of apolipoprotein levels with the severity of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis

Objective To explore the correlation of apolipoprotein levels with the severity of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. Methods Clinical date of 169 patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (AP) admitted in our hospital from September 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Apolipoprotein (Apo) AⅠ, Apo B, Apo B/Apo AⅠ ratio were compared among hyperlipidemic AP patients with different severity. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation of Apo AⅠ, Apo B, Apo B/Apo AⅠ with Atlanta classification, CTSI score, APACHE-Ⅱscore, RANSON score and C-reaction protein level. The optimal cut-off point of apolipoproteins for predict the severe hyperlipidemic AP was determined by ROC curve. The local and systemic complications of pancreatitis patients with different Apo levels were compared with chi-square test. Results There were no significant differences in general conditions among patients with severe AP (SAP), median-severe AP (MSAP) and mild AP (MAP). The Apo AⅠ levels of SAP [ (0.89±0.36) g/L] were lower than those of MSAP [(1.07±0.40)g/L, t=2.07, P=0.04] and MAP [(1.14±0.70) g/L, t=2.55, P=0.01]. Apo AⅠ was negatively correlated with Atlanta classification (r=-0.24, P 8 [70.59%(36/51) vs. 55.08%(65/118), χ2=3.56, P=0.04] in patients with Apo AⅠ≤0.8 g/L were higher than those in patients with Apo AⅠ>0.8 g/L. Conclusion Apolipoprotein AⅠ level is negatively correlated with Atlanta classification and Apo AⅠ level can be used to predict severity of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. Key words: Pancreatitis; Hyperlipidemia; Apolipoproteins; APACHEⅡ; C-reactive protein

Cohort profile: the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) to examine the health impacts of international migration from the Philippines to the USA

PurposeThe Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) longitudinally investigates over 3 years whether migrating from the Philippines to the USA results in increased risk for obesity relative to non-migrants in...

Succinate-Based Dietary Supplement for Menopausal Symptoms: A Pooled Analysis of Two Identical Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials.

Background To evaluate the efficacy of a succinate-based dietary supplement (SBDS; Amberen) in symptomatic menopausal women using a larger sample size derived by pooling data from two identical trials. Methods Raw data were pooled from two identical randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 90-day clinical trials. Women aged 42–60 years with mild to moderate vasomotor and psychosomatic menopausal symptoms were included (114 in the treatment group and 113 in the placebo group). Symptoms were assessed by the Greene Climacteric Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Changes in body mass index, body weight, waist and hip circumferences, and plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, leptin, and apolipoproteins A1 and B were also evaluated. Results SBDS use resulted in significant improvements in several endpoints including alleviation of 16 of 21 menopausal symptoms (p ≤ 0.05, Greene Scale) and a decrease in anxiety (p < 0.0001, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) when compared to placebo. Significant reductions were observed in weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences in the supplement cohort. Evaluation of physiological parameters showed a significant increase in serum estradiol levels compared to baseline (p < 0.0001) among users of the SBDS. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased slightly in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. Leptin levels decreased with statistical significance in the SBDS cohort compared to placebo (p=0.027). For those with initial leptin concentrations above the reference range, leptin decreased significantly in the SBDS group compared to the baseline (p < 0.0001) and to placebo (p=0.027). Conclusions The pooled analysis reaffirms the outcomes from the individual trials. A nonhormonal, succinate-based dietary supplement is shown to relieve menopausal symptoms when compared to a placebo regimen in a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.

Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9

BackgroundWe characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9.MethodsPublished and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants. Results were scaled to a one mmol/L lower LDL-C concentration.ResultsThe PCSK9 GS (comprising 4 SNPs) associations with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were consistent in direction with treatment effects. The GS odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42; 0.68), compared to a PCSK9 inhibitor effect of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86; 0.93). For ischemic stroke ORs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57; 1.22) for the GS, compared to 0.85 (95% CI 0.78; 0.93) in the drug trials. ORs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 1.29 (95% CI 1.11; 1.50) for the GS, as compared to 1.00 (95% CI 0.96; 1.04) for incident T2DM in PCSK9 inhibitor trials. No genetic associations were observed for cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Alzheimer’s disease – outcomes for which large-scale trial data were unavailable.ConclusionsGenetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate.

Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections: Associations with Neurosyphilis

Introduction: Recently, neurosyphilis was found to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether the association was specific to neurosyphilis among central nervous system (CNS) infections, and whether neurosyphilis is associated with other prevalent metabolic disorders deserves further study. Methods: An in-depth cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 neurosyphilis patients and 74 sex- and age-matched patients with other CNS infections. DM-, hypertension-, and dyslipidemia-related factors were compared between patients with neurosyphilis and those with other CNS infections. Results: The prevalence rates of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in neurosyphilis patients were 45.9 and 21.4%, respectively, which were higher than those in patients with other CNS infections (45.9 vs. 28.4%, p = 0.027; 21.4 vs. 8.3%, p = 0.028). In addition, neurosyphilis patients had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (BP; median 139 mm Hg; interquartile range [IQR] 121–151 mm Hg), ­diastolic BP (median 83 mm Hg; IQR 76–89 mm Hg), total cholesterol (median 4.86 mmol/L; IQR 3.80–5.51 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (median 3.39 mmol/L; IQR 2.52–3.95 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1; median 1.31 g/L; IQR 1.06–1.52 g/L) levels and lower apoB/A1 ratios (median 0.67; IQR 0.49–0.99) than patients with other CNS infections (p< 0.05). There were no differences in the DM-related factors between patients with neurosyphilis and those with other CNS infections (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Potential association between neurosyphilis and metabolic disorders was found among CNS infections. The results could have important implications for clinical practice, alerting more clinicians to this issue.

Comparison of Apolipoprotein B and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol As Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Many large-scale studies have reported that current American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines overestimate Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk by 75% - 150%. People, who achieve low density lipoprotein (LDL) target with active statin therapy, still remain at a residual risk for cardiovascular disease and have high levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). The goal of this retrospective case-control study was to compare LDL and ApoB as predictors of ASCVD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention9s National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) data from the 2013-2014 was the data source for this study. Around 5,768 subjects participated in the study and 1522 participants met the study criteria. Of these, 162 (Male = 93, Female = 69 ) were cases (subjects with ASCVD) and 1,360 (Male = 629, Female = 731) were controls (subjects without ASCVD). Chi-square test, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were used to analyze data. P-value of 0.05). Logistic regression results indicated that cases were 3 times more likely to have an increased LDL value but not likely to have an increased ApoB when compared to controls. The study concluded that LDL is an independent predictor of ASCVD and is a better marker than ApoB.

The influence of hemodialysis on FibroTest parameters

Abstract Chronic hepatitis C viral infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Liver fibrosis represents a main determinant of liver disease prognosis and clinical management, and its assessment by liver biopsy can decide treatment allocation. Although liver biopsy is the gold standard for staging liver fibrosis, it is an invasive procedure associated with complications that are more prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease. FibroTest represents a surrogate marker of fibrosis which evaluates the levels of apolipoprotein A1, total bilirubin, haptoglobin, gamma-glutamyltransferase and α2-macroglobulin, generating a score that indicates the level of fibrosis. Discrepancies were observed in clinical practice between FibroTest score and histopathological findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate how hemodialysis influences the level of each FibroTest parameter and the final score. The systematic literature review conducted by us suggests that hemodialysis induces a reduction in apolipoprotein A1, haptoglobin and bilirubin levels, with an increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase and alpha-2-macroglobulin levels. In conclusion, hemodialysis modifies the levels of FibroTest parameters, suggesting that it may also have an impact on the accuracy of liver fibrosis assessment in hemodialysis patients.

Serum lipids and risk of atherosclerosis in xanthelasma palpebrarum: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The association between dyslipidemia and xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) remains controversial, and no definite evidence has indicated atherosclerosis risk in patients with XP. The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the association of serum lipid profiles and risk of atherosclerotic diseases with XP. We systematically searched for the eligible comparative studies published before April 15, 2019, in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval for each pooled estimate. The qualitative analyses included 15 case-control studies with 854 patients with XP. Compared with the controls, the patients with XP had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, significantly higher apolipoprotein B levels, and relatively lower apolipoprotein A1 levels, and the carotid intima-media thickness was significantly higher. Patients with XP had significantly higher serum levels of atherogenic low-density lipoproteins and bore significantly higher risk of atherosclerosis than the controls. Careful monitoring and targeted intervention for prevention of cardiovascular diseases is essential for these patients.

Effects of Different Intensities of Circuit Resistance Training on Plasma level of High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Apolipoprotein M in Untrained Young Men

Effects of Different Intensities of Circuit Resistance Training on Plasma level of High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Apolipoprotein M in Untrained Young Men