Levels In Diabetic Rats Research Articles

Potency of Nigella sativa linn. Seed as antidiabetic (preclinical study)

Background: Nigella sativa is reported to have an antioxidant effect, so allegedly has anti-diabetic effect. Objectives:The aim of this study is to explore ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of Nigela sativa Linn. (EANS) effect toward blood glucose level in diabetic rats induced by alloxan. Materials and Methods: Twenty five male rats (150–200 g). The rats were divided into five groups in which there were 5 rats in each group. Group I was treated by glibenclamide 0.63 mg/kg bw (positive control); Group II was treated by aqueous 2,5 ml/200 g bw (negative control); and Groups III; IV and V were treated by ethyl acetate of ethanol extract of N. sativa seed at a dosage of 250 mg/kg bw; 500 mg/kg bw and 1000mg/kg bw respectively. Results: The results of this study are EANS can reduced blood glucose level on diabetic rats induced by alloxan. Nigella sativa has potencies anti-diabetic effect. Conclusion: Nigella sativa Linn. seed has potency as anti-diabetic candidate.

Synthesized nano particles of glimepiride via spray freezing into cryogenic liquid: characterization, antidiabetic activity, and bioavailability

The aim of this work was to formulate glimepiride (class II drug) which is characterized by low solubility and high permeability as nanostructured particles using a cryogenic technique with an aid of water-soluble polymer to improve its aqueous solubility and hence its bioavailability. 27 formula of glimepiride nano size particles were prepared by a spray freezing into cryogenic liquid (SCFL) using poly vinyl pyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30); that three drug polymer ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), with three different volumes of feeding solution (50, 100, 150 mL), at three flow rates (10, 20, and 30 mL/min). The prepared formulations were evaluated for production yield, particle size, zeta potential, drug content, release rate, in vivo hypoglycemic activity, and bioavailability. All prepared formulations showed high production yield and drug content ranged between 91.1 ± 3.4% and 94.3 ± 1.8% and 95.1 ± 2.8% and 97.1 ± 2.5%, respectively. The mean particles size was ranged between 280 ± 62 nm and 520 ± 30 nm. The results of in vitro release study revealed significant enhancement in the solubility of prepared formulations compared with the pure drug. It was found that optimal formula showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, and 1.79-fold enhancements in oral bioavailability compared with market tablets. Nanoparticle prepared by SCFL method is an encouraging formula for improving the solubility and the bioavailability of glimepiride.

Antidiabetic Potential Screening of Ulin Fruit Extract (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Empirical evidence of complementary medicine from one community in Kalimantan often uses Ulin fruit (Eusideroxylon zwageri) for medical therapy or as herbal drinks by people with diabetes mellitus. This research aims to identify the antidiabetic compound of Ulin fruit extract against Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Extraction was performed by maceration method using 96% ethanol, phytochemical test of extracts, extract toxicity test on mice (50 mg/BW to 200 mg/BW), test antidiabetic extract in diabetic rats induced by STZ as much as 70 mg/kgBW with each extract dose of 150, 300, and 600 mg given for 14 days, positive control is Glibenclamide 0.25 mg/kg/day, and the negative control is CMC 1%. Phytochemical test results showed that the extract of Ulin contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids. Ulin fruit extract was not toxic to rats at 50, 150, and 200 mg for three days. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, there was an effect of giving the extract on changes in the average body weight and body temperature of rats during three days of administration (p = 0.000). The results showed novelty that the extract of Ulin fruit affected reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic rats during 14 days of administration (p=0.000).Keywords: Antidiabetic, Eusideroxylon zwageri, flavonoids, streprozotocin, diabetic rats

Stellate ganglion block reduces inflammation and improves neurological function in diabetic rats during ischemic stroke.

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Both diabetes mellitus and stroke are linked to systemic inflammation that aggravates patient outcomes. Stellate ganglion block can effectively regulate the inflammatory response. Therefore, it is hypothesized that stellate ganglion block could be a potential therapy for ischemic stroke in diabetic subjects. In this study, we induced diabetes mellitus in rats by feeding them a high-fat diet for 4 successive weeks. The left middle cerebral artery was occluded to establish models of ischemic stroke in diabetic rats. Subsequently, we performed left stellate ganglion block with 1% lidocaine using the percutaneous posterior approach 15 minutes before reperfusion and again 20 and 44 hours after reperfusion. Our results showed that stellate ganglion block did not decrease the blood glucose level in diabetic rats with diabetes mellitus but did reduce the cerebral infarct volume and the cerebral water content. It also improved the recovery of neurological function, increased 28-day survival rate, inhibited Toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway and reduced inflammatory response in the plasma of rats. However, injection of Toll like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide 5 minutes before stellate ganglion block inhibited the effect of stellate ganglion block, whereas injection of Toll like receptor 4 inhibitor TAK242 had no such effect. We also found that stellate ganglion block performed at night had no positive effect on diabetic ischemic stroke. These findings suggest that stellate ganglion block is a potential therapy for diabetic ischemic stroke and that it may be mediated through the Toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. We also found that the therapeutic effect of stellate ganglion block is affected by circadian rhythm.

Exploring the Potential of Poguntano Extract on Diabetes Management: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background:Poguntano (Picria fel-terrae Merr) is a traditional herb commonly used as a blood glucose lowering agent in Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of the herb has not yet been established.Objective:This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to review the hypoglycemic effect of Poguntano extract in lowering plasma glucose levels.Methods:We conducted a literature search using peer-reviewed databases for relevant articles on Poguntano extract in animal models of diabetes. The effect size was pooled using a random effect model.Results:Two animal studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. There was a significant difference in plasma glucose levels between diabetic control and rats treated with Puguntano extract (MD: 28.77; 95%CI: 6.20–51.34; p=0.01). There was no significant difference between non-diabetic control and Poguntano extract.Conclusion:Poguntano extract lowers the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared to control.

Evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic activity of Notonia grandiflora Wall.

The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo hypoglycaemic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Notonia grandiflora (EANG) in albino wistar rats. EANG was orally administrated to STZ (40 mg/kg, i.p, b.w) induced diabetic rats at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w for 21 days. The effect of EANG on blood glucose, body weight, plasma insulin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, Hb, HbA1C, liver glycogen content, bilirubin level, liver enzymes (Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase) were measured in the diabetic rats. Treatment of EANG significantly lowered the levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin. It also restored body weight, liver glycogen content, and serum insulin level in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. A significant reduction in the activity of liver function enzymes associated with diabetes and serum levels of renal parameters after treatment with EANG was observed, signifying the protective effects of EANG in diabetes-associated complications. Hence, it could be used as a safer complementary drug in the management of diabetes and associated complications.

COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS AND SITAGLIPTIN ON SERUM GLUCOSE IN DIABETIC RATS

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become a major disease having catastrophic effects on health and economy globally. This study was conducted to determine the role of Probiotics in comparison to Sitagliptin in decreasing serum glucose levels in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty male rats were divided into two groups: Normal control group-A (n=10) and Experimental group-B (n=40). Group-B was administered Streptozotocin to induce diabetes, which was confirmed after one week by measuring Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) (>7 mmol/L were considered diabetic). Then group B was subdivided into BI (Diabetic Control), BII (Sitagliptin treated), BIII (Probiotics treated) and BIV (Sitagliptin plus Probiotics treated) with 10 rats each. Baseline serum glucose was measured at day zero. Next sampling was done on day 40, after administering Probiotics (250 mg/Kg) and Sitagliptin (10 mg/Kg). Terminal sampling was done on day 60. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS-21. Comparisons between the groups were analysed using one-way ANOVA (post-hoc Tuckey test), and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Rats in Probiotic treated group-BIII had significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels with efficacy comparable to Sitagliptin in group-BII (p<0.05). Synergistic effect of Sitagliptin plus Probiotics in group-BIV was greater (p<0.05) than their individual effects in groups-BII and BIII. Conclusion: Probiotics significantly decrease fasting blood glucose in diabetic rats with efficacy comparable to Sitagliptin. Synergistic effect of Sitagliptin plus Probiotics is greater than their individual effects. Pak J Physiol 2021;17(4):27?30

Antidiabetic potential of karamunting leaves ethanolic extract as a natural herb: Blood glucose levels and pancreatic islets histomorphology on diabetic rats model

Background: Karamunting leaf is a wetland herb with antioxidant compounds that bind free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and prevent the development of pancreatic cell dysfunction and damage.Objective: This study aims to prove the antidiabetic potential of the karamunting leaves ethanolic extract in treating diabetes in white male rats.Methods: This study used a true experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. Thirty rats were divided into four groups (control: C, ethanol extract of karamunting dose of 100 mg: P1, 200 mg: P2, and 400 mg: P3). Data on fasting blood glucose levels were taken before (pre-test) and after treatment (post-test). Data on pancreatic islets histomorphological changes (size, number, constituent cells) were analysed quantitatively. Fasting blood glucose levels were analysed using paired t-test, while the histomorphological data of the pancreatic islets were analysed using ANOVA. The data were considered significant if the p-value <0.05 (95% CI).Results: Karamunting leaf ethanol extract treatment reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. A 200 mg/kgBW was demonstrated as the most effective dose that improves the islets and cells number compiles the pancreatic islets, potentially treating diabetes mellitus (DM).Conclusion: Karamunting leaf ethanol extract potential as a natural herbal medicine in treating DM.

Impact of Quercus infectoria Galls Extract on Thyroid Gland and Testicular Functions in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be accompanied by thyroid and testicular dysfunctions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Quercus infectoria galls (QIg) extract on the thyroid gland and testicular functions in diabetic rats. Sixteen rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, consisting of normal control, diabetic untreated control, diabetic treated with oral administration of 500 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively for 15 days. Serum blood glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), testosterone (T), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assessed. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized for histopathological analysis of thyroid gland and testis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in the thyroid gland of rats. The significant increase in serum blood glucose level in diabetic rats (DC) was markedly decreased by treatment with QIg extract (500 mg and 100 mg/kg BW) almost to the normal level. The reduced thyroid hormones, both the T3 and T4 were significantly recovered after 15 days of treatment with QIg extract (500 mg and 100 mg/kg BW). Whereas serum concentration of testosterone was significantly reduced in diabetic rats with QIg extract (500 mg and 100 mg/kg BW) treatment. Histopathological analysis of diabetic rats showed a wide range of morphological alterations in thyroid gland and testicular structures, which were almost completely, restored back to normal by treatment of rats with QIg extract. Furthermore, results showed overexpression of TTF-1 in the thyroid gland of diabetic rats, which was recovered back to normal expression after 15 days of treatment with QIg extract. These findings may provide new insights into the potential role of QIg extract as a promising therapeutic agent against diabetic complications in thyroid gland and testicular functions.

Streptozotocin-induced Antidiabetic Activity of Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia and Vitex parviflora Combined Phytosomal Formulation

Multifactorial metabolic diseases, for instance diabetes develop several complications like hyperlipidemia, hepatic toxicity, immunodeficiency etc., Hence, instead of mono-drug therapy the management of the disease requires the combination of herbs. Marketed herbal drugs comprise of irrational combinations, which makes their quality control more difficult. Phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility, resulting in high therapeutic dose regimen; phospholipids encapsulation can overcome this problem. Hence, present study was designed to develop a phospholipids encapsulated polyherbal antidiabetic formulation. The prepared Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia and Vitex parviflora leaves extract and phytosomal formulation were studied for the acute oral toxicity and anti-diabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced rat’s model. The antidiabetic activity was compared with control group, the standard drug Glibenclamide (500 mcg/kg /po), leaves extracts and its phytosome formulation (100 and 200 mg/kg/po). Acute toxicity studies show no mortality and morbidity up to the dose 2000mg/kg of body weight. In this study, body weight, serum glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and total protein were measured. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the serum glucose levels, cholesterol, total protein, LDL and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats when compared to the normal (control) rats and increase the level of HDL and body wt. Further the research proves that phytosome formulation is superior in controlling blood sugar than Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia and Vitex parviflora leaves extract.

Effect of Ethanol Extract Karamunting Leaf (Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) on Testosterone Hormone Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Model Rats

Karamunting leaf is a natural ingredient in South Kalimantan and is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can decrease hormone testosterone. Research on Karamunting leaves on testosterone levels had not been widely studied. The aim was to analyse the effect of administration ethanol extract Karamunting leaf on testosterone levels in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. The method was true experimental, Posttest Control Group. The research groups were divided into 4 groups. The control group giving streptozotocin induction at dosage 40 mg/kg bw rats intra-peritoneally. The treatment group was a group of rats DM treated with ethanol extract of Karamunting leaf at dosage 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 400 mg/kg bw. The treatment in the research group was carried out for 14 days. On day 15, blood was taken to measure testosterone levels by the ELISA method and glucose blood. The data were analysed with Kolmogorov Smirnov and Mann Whitney. Testosterone levels increased with administration of ethanol extract Karamunting leaves at dose 100 mg/kg bw (16.58 ± 2.8) and 400 mg/kg bw (16.17 ± 2.07) when compared with the control group (14.56 ± 0.8). Administration of ethanolic extract of Karamunting leaf in DM rats has an effect on testosterone levels.

Intermittent Fasting before Laparotomy: Effects on Glucose Control and Histopathologic Findings in Diabetic Rats.

(1) Background: Intermittent fasting is a nutrition practice in which individuals fast for several hours in a day, mainly with feeding time during the daylight hours. They seek to improve metabolic performance and cellular resistance to stress. In this study, we tested the fasting protocol to investigate the glycemic effect in a laparotomy perioperative period in diabetic rats and histopathologic findings. (2) Methods: The animals were diabetic-induced with alloxan. Two groups were set according to the feeding protocol: free food and intermittent fasting, whose rats could only eat 8 h in the daylight. Both groups were anesthetized, and a laparotomy was performed. We evaluated the glucose levels during the perioperative period, and we accessed organ histology seeking damage of kidney, bowel and liver after surgical trauma, and we evaluated the wound healing process. (3) Results: Glycemic levels were improved in the intermittent fasting group, especially in the post-operative period after laparotomy. Comparing both groups’ tubular damage showed interdependency with mice with worse glycemic level (Z = 2.3; p = 0.0215) and wound-healing parameters showed interdependency with rats with better glycemic status for neovascularization (Z = 2.2; p = 0.0273) and the presence of sebaceous and sweat gland in the healing process (Z = 2.30; p = 0.0215). (4) Conclusions: Intermittent fasting before surgery can be a tool to improve glycemic levels in diabetic rats, with improvement especially in the post-operative period.

Antioxidative Activity of Wakouba, a Salt Extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the chronic complications of diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer etc. free radicals such as superoxyde anions, hydrogen peroxides cause severe cell damage. The use of plants is increasingly recommended to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.
 Aims: This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Wakouba, a salt extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq on biochemical markers of oxidative stress.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacodynamie-biochemical UPR, Biology and Health Laboratory and Department of Radiology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Services Hospital Lahore, between March 2017 and July 2018.
 Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by streptozotocin 55 mg / kg bw. The biochemical parameters such as insulin and glycemia, the activities and the level of markers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aorta, heart and the kidney were determined in the absence and presence of different doses of WAKOUBA (1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw) and GLIBENCLAMIDE, a reference product at 10 and 20 mg / kg bw.
 Results: The results showed that the administration of streptozotocin at 55 mg / kg bw in rats caused a significant drop (P<0.05) in insulin production followed by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in blood glucose. Similarly, during diabetes, the activities, and levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT and MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05). WAKOUBA, at 1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw, significantly normalized insulin production, blood sugar levels, SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels in the aorta, heart, and kidneys in diabetic rats. The same results were obtained with GLIBENCLAMIDE at 10 and 20 mg / kg bw.
 Conclusion: This study showed that WAKOUBA, a salt extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq, lowered and normalized the activities of SOD, CAT and the level of MDA which are markers of oxidative stress in rats made diabetic by streptozocin. WAKOUBA also normalized insulin production and blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. WAKOUBA would have antioxidant properties coupled with antidiabetic properties, which might support its use in traditional medicine to treat diabetes.

Evaluation of the Central Effects of Systemic Lentiviral-Mediated Leptin Delivery in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by hyperphagia, hyperglycemia and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. We have reported previously that daily leptin injections help to alleviate these symptoms. Therefore, we hypothesized that leptin gene therapy could help to normalize the neuroendocrine dysfunction seen in T1D. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were injected i.v. with a lentiviral vector containing the leptin gene or green fluorescent protein. Ten days later, they were injected with the vehicle or streptozotocin (STZ). HPA function was assessed by measuring norepinephrine (NE) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and serum corticosterone (CS). Treatment with the leptin lentiviral vector (Lepvv) increased leptin and insulin levels in non-diabetic rats, but not in diabetic animals. There was a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats due to Lepvv treatment. Both NE levels in the PVN and serum CS were reduced in diabetic rats treated with Lepvv. Results from this study provide evidence that leptin gene therapy in STZ-induced diabetic rats was able to partially normalize some of the neuroendocrine abnormalities, but studies with higher doses of the Lepvv are needed to develop this into a viable option for treating T1D.

Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa Exerts Antihyperglycemic Activity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.

The aim of the study was to assess the antihyperglycemic effect of Brassica rapa. Brassica rapa (turnip) is used as an antidiabetic plant. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Brassica rapa seeds (AEBRS) on glycemia in vivo. The effect of AEBRS (60 mg/kg) on glycemia and lipid profiles was evaluated. Besides, preliminary phytochemical analysis and the in vitro antioxidant effect were evaluated. AEBRS caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (p<0.0001). In contrast, no significant effect was observed on lipid profiles, whereas antioxidant potential of this extract has been shown. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of many important phytochemical families. The present study shows that AEBRS has a potent antihyperglycemic ability in diabetic rats.

Extract of Moringa concanensis Nimmo Leaves Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress, and Improves β-cell Function in Alloxan Monohydrate Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: The ethanomedicinal importance of Moringa concanensis Nimmo plant is reflected in the Ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine. It has vast usage in Ayurvedic preparation and diabetes management. Aims of the Study: The research was centered on bringing out the hyperglycemic capabilities of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves, and their ethanolic extract (PE) on alloxan monohydrate (AXM) induced diabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were made diabetic by AXM and treated with PE (200 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide as the standard drug. All essential parameters like fasting blood glucose (FBS), post-prandial blood glucose (PPBS), AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, LDH, and oxidative stress markers were measured. Also, to observe β-cells structures, histology of the pancreas was studied. Results: The non-toxicity of PE dose was confirmed by an acute toxicity study. This study model helped determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of PE by decreasing FBS and PPBS levels in diabetic rats. It also enhanced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels and elevating the GSH and SOD. The histopathological analysis helped us study the structural decay of β-cells of pancreatic tissues in diabetic rats. PE potential was confirmed by serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, and LDH as it showed a significant decrease in diabetic rats. Conclusion: It was confirmed from the data that PE is efficient in the governance and control of diabetes. Therefore, there is a need to work at the molecular level to utilize its potential for the benefit of society.

Serum ferritin as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, regulated by liver transferrin receptor 2.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TFR2 on iron storage in type 2 diabetes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1938 participants from the Jiangchuan Community of Shanghai. A total of 784 participants with T2DM and 1154 normal participants (non-T2DM) were enrolled in this study. Serum ferritin, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1C (glycated hemoglobin A1c) levels were determined. Eighteen Wistar male rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 6/group): rats in a high-fat diet streptozotocin (HFD+STZ) group were fed with HFD for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ); rats in a control group were fed with a standard diet for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with buffer; rats in an STZ group were fed with a standard diet for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin. Glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the study. Blood samples and liver tissues were assessed for liver TFR2, blood glucose, serum ferritin, and iron levels.ResultsThe mean serum ferritin level of T2DM participants was significantly higher than that of the control group (227 (140–352) vs 203.5 (130.5–312) ng/mL, P < 0.05). Serum ferritin level was an independent risk factor for T2DM (high ferritin group vs low ferritin group, 1.304 (1.03–1.651), P < 0.05). Diabetic rats showed reduced liver TFR2 levels, with increased serum ferritin levels.ConclusionT2DM participants exhibited iron disorder with elevated serum ferritin levels. Elevated serum ferritin levels in diabetic rats were accompanied by reduced liver TFR2 levels.

Potential effect antidiabetic of a medicamentous receipt made up of Parquetina nigrescens (Periplocaceae) and Erythrina senegalensis (Fabaceae) and effects on the lipidic profile and the glycation of hemoglobin in rats diabetics

The medicinal recipe composed of Parquetina nigrescens (Periplocaceae) and Erythrina senegalensis (Fabaceae) is a remedy used in traditional medicine in Côte d&#39;Ivoire to treat diabetes. this study aims to assess the potential anti-diabetic effect of the drug recipe (RPNES) and its effect on the lipid profile and hemoglobin glycation in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus is induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, dissolved in a citrate buffer solution, at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW and a nicotinamide solution at a dose of 230 mg/kg BW to Wistar rats. Healthy rats and diabetic rats are treated orally with RPNES daily for 28 days and blood samples from control and treated rats are taken for assay of biochemical parameters. This study shows that RPNES, administered at doses greater than or equal to 600 mg/kg BW, causes a significant decrease in blood sugar in diabetic rats. in addition, a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, associated with an increase in serum HDL cholesterol level, was observed in diabetic rats which received RPNES at 800 mg/kg BW, after 28 days treatment. In addition, after 90 days of treatment, RPNES (800 mg/kg BW) induces a significant decrease in the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in diabetic rats. This study also revealed that, in diabetic rats, RPNES had antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effects similar to those of glibenclamide. RPNES is also a hypolipemic substance which corrects lipid disorders associated with diabetes, normalizes HDL cholesterol and lowers HbA1c levels in diabetic rats. These results justify the use in traditional medicine of this medicinal recipe composed of Parquetina nigrescens and Erythrina senegalensis to treat diabetes.

PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DALBERGIA LATIFOLIA ROXB FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECT ON LIPID PROFILE AND HEPATIC ENZYMES OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RATS

It is essential to gauge the herbal plants scientifically and proper documentation should be made to understand their medicinal properties. In current scenario there exists a very high demand for the herbal products in the entire world that led to the extensive research in many pharmaceutical industries on plant materials for the exploration of potential medicinal value. This inclination seems to be a result of people finding various alternative systems of drugs. A large number of drugs are reported to have excellent medicinal value and are in use for the treatment of diabetes. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb is evergreen, deciduous tree belongs to fabaceae family, it consist of white small flower and identified by grey bark which peels in long fibers. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Dalbergia latifolia (DLExt) and pharmacological studies involved acute oral toxicity study, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) hypoglycemic activity and antidiabetic activity of DLExt was done. The results suggested that Dalbergia latifolia (DLExt) induced a potent reduction in glycaemia exhibited potential to reduce the blood glucose level (BGL). The study showed that Hydroalcoholic extract of bark of Dalbergia latifolia protect massive body weight loss significantly decreased MDA in pancreas and in kidney and enhances SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activity. The involvement of DLExt reduction in level of TG, TC, LDL, VLDL and elevation in HDL level in diabetic rats was also demonstrated. The study was supported with histopathology studies and showed remarkable improvement in pancreatic tissues, normal architecture of hepatocytes and normal architecture of bowman’s capsule and renal tubules.

Coadministration of Melatonin and Insulin Improves Diabetes-Induced Impairment of Rat Kidney Function

Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin and insulin coadministration in diabetes-induced renal injury in rats. Research Design and Methods: Diabetes was achieved by giving streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) for 6 consecutive days. The diabetic condition was confirmed by assessing the blood glucose level; animals having blood glucose levels above 250 mg were considered as diabetic. Following the confirmation, animals were randomly divided into different experimental groups, viz group I served as the control (CON), group II diabetic (D), group III D+melatonin (MEL), group IV D+insulin (INS), group V D+MEL+INS, group VI D+glibenclamide (GB), group VII CON+MEL, group VIII CON+INS, and group IX CON+GB. Following the completion of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed, blood was collected via a retro-orbital puncture, and kidneys were harvested. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increment in blood glucose and biochemical indexes of renal injury (tubular disruption, swollen glomeruli with loss of glomerular spaces, and distortion of the endothelial lining) including augmented levels of serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, Na+, and K+, and inhibition/suppression of the activity of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, GSH reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and GSH-S-transferase in the renal cortex. Results: By examining thiobarbiturate reactive substances, reduced GSH, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity in the renal cortex of control and diabetic rats, it was documented that treatment with melatonin or insulin alone or in combination showed a significant ad integrum recovery of GSH-dependent antioxidative enzymatic activities. Melatonin and insulin coadministration caused greater reductions in circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels in diabetic rats, whereas IL-10 levels increased, as compared to each treatment alone. Diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the expression of both MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor genes. Melatonin or insulin treatment alone or in combination resulted in significant restoration of the relative expression of both melatonin receptors in the renal cortex. Conclusion: The coadministration of exogenous melatonin and insulin abolished many of the deleterious effects of type 1 diabetes on rat renal function.