Level Of Global Competitiveness Research Articles

Analysis of the international competitiveness of domestic metallurgical enterprises

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the globalization trends of economic development, the growing competitive activity of enterprises, the increase in competitive tension in world markets, the formation of specific forms of competition. The purpose of the paper is to determine and structure the factors of international competitiveness of domestic metallurgical enterprises at the mega-, macro-, meso- and micro-levels, to identify the most priority positions for winning and maintaining the market. Results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of metal products production during 2021-2023, the current state of operation of the largest metallurgical enterprises, the dynamics of foreign investments in the metallurgical industry of Ukraine, the main reasons for the deterioration of the competitive positions of the domestic MMC on the international market of metal products are determined. The negative and positive factors that determine the international competitiveness of MMC of Ukraine at the mega-, macro-, meso- and micro-levels are analyzed. The result of the analysis is the conclusion regarding the absolute predominance of the influence of external factors in the conditions of full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation, the significant dependence of the development of MMC of Ukraine on the state of world markets. And vice versa, domestic metallurgy has an inverse effect on the global production of metal products, because it has significant resource, production and scientific potential. Considering the specifics of metallurgical enterprises, the state of the world economy and globalization processes, the factors of competitiveness of metallurgical enterprises are structured according to the degree of susceptibility to changes in the conditions of globalization (flexible, difficult to change) and according to the degree of influence on the level of global competitiveness (moderate influence, significant impact). Conclusions. The analysis of the factors of international competitiveness of the domestic metallurgy showed that in the conditions of its sharp decline, the priority for the industry is not to lose its own competitive advantages, including through the search and effective use of positive factors of international competitiveness. At the same time, the basis of increasing the international competitiveness of the metallurgical industry is to increase the competitiveness of domestic metallurgical enterprises both on the domestic and international markets. It has been proven that when developing a strategy for increasing international competitiveness, it is appropriate to determine the result of focusing on the factors of a more intensive manifestation of the classification feature, that is, on flexible factors of significant influence.

The Impact of Chinas Carbon Market Trading on the Production Cost of Enterprises

The growth of China's carbon market, from its origin to its current size, demonstrates the country's dedication to corporate involvement and carbon reduction. Businesses' operations, risk management, investor relations, innovation culture, and level of global competitiveness are all profoundly impacted by carbon trading. It elevates sustainability from a policy compliance to a long-term success strategic necessity in a climate-focused world. The significant implications of China's carbon market on company behavior are thoroughly examined in this essay, including how they affect production methods, innovation, social responsibility, goal-setting, and future directions. Considering industry differences, profit consequences, and increasing investments in ESG principles, it also analyses their impact on business carbon emissions and financial indicators. In the end, the paper explores the complex connection between carbon emissions and business practices, highlighting the wide-ranging ramifications of China's carbon trading market on enterprise operations and sustainability strategies.

NATIONAL BRAND AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COUNTRY IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The article examines the national brand as a tool for increasing the country’s global competitiveness. The essential characteristics were studied and the category “national brand” was clarified. Its role and significance for the development of macroeconomic stability of the state are substantiated. On the global market, the national brand is one of the most important assets of any state, which helps to attract investments, tourist flows, personnel potential, improve the quality of labor resources, promote the increase in trade export-import operations, and strengthen the innovative component of the country’s development. Methodological approaches to rating assessment of national brands are considered. The dynamics of changes in the ranking of the top 10 national brands according to the Global Soft Power Index, as well as the position of Ukraine before and after full-scale military aggression, were studied. In order to determine the influence of the national brand on the level of global competitiveness of the country, the results of the rating of the Institute of Management Development (IMD) were analyzed according to four blocks of indicators: the state of the economy; government efficiency; business efficiency; the state of the infrastructure. Indicators that determine Ukraine’s low positions in international competitiveness ratings have been identified, namely: high level of corruption, low credit rating of the country, underdevelopment of the stock market, macroeconomic instability, high level of inflation, low level of health care on the quality of life of the population in general. It is substantiated that the creation of a strong national brand is a guarantee of sustainable economic development of Ukraine, which will also allow positioning the country as attractive for business, tourism and life. An increase in the rating of the country’s national brand will contribute to an increase in the inflow of direct investment, and a strong national brand significantly affects the perception of national corporate brands.

Enhancing Regional Development with Startup Ecosystems

Regional development based on innovation plays a significant role in stimulating economic growth in the wartime and postwar periods. The creation of innovative ecosystems that support the development of startups and small innovative enterprises ensures the formation of a favorable business climate in the regions and attracts investment, reduces the dependence of regions on traditional industries, creates highly skilled jobs and develops entrepreneurial talent. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of startup ecosystems, their impact on regional development, and to identify the factors of successful functioning of such ecosystems based on the analysis of foreign experience. The article analyzes the experience of formation and development of startup ecosystems in Sweden and Finland, identifies their unique advantages, historical achievements, and current trends. Sweden has a high level of global competitiveness due to active support from the public sector and a favorable business climate. Finland is known for its innovative potential, stable business environment, and attractive conditions for startups and investors. The results of the study demonstrate the sustainable success and prospects for further growth of both ecosystems on an international scale. The study found that despite Sweden and Finland's tremendous achievements in the field of startup development, most of these structures are in the capitals of the countries. It is concluded that although this practice is effective on a national scale, it does not have a qualitative impact on regional development. In the post-war period, Ukraine has a unique opportunity to intensify regional development by mobilizing the potential of specialists who have relocated from the occupied and frontline territories to other regions of the country. The process of forming startup ecosystems around these professionals can give impetus to the development of new types of business or innovative transformation of traditional sectors of regional economies. To successfully implement this approach, a set of appropriate regulatory, organizational, and infrastructural measures must be implemented.

Assessing port readiness for mega vessels: the case of largest terminal seaports

ABSTRACT As a result of global developments, seaports must be fully equipped for the forthcoming period following years of continual improvement of vessel characteristics and capacity and recognition of significant global trade changes and challenges. Port management, transportation agencies, and even countries recognise the critical nature of assessing port readiness for mega vessels to take necessary actions and prepare for the next level of global competition. As such, this study aims to address terminal port readiness for mega vessels by applying multi-criteria decision-making methods. The Delphi technique was used as the first step in identifying the relevant factors and measures. Next, those related factors were quantified and ranked using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. Following that, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to evaluate port data and develop readiness indexes for the largest one hundred terminal ports worldwide. While the anticipated mega savings in transportation costs and economies of scale are significant, this study demonstrates that mega vessels present several challenges in port operations, infrastructure, sustainability, and system requirements.

Benchmark of countries’ performance in logistics: An approach based on world bank open data

Logistics which can be considered as the science of planning, implementing and controlling the physical flow of materials and goods from point of origin to point of use to meet customer`s need at a profit has become very important in recent times that it now plays a vital role in companies’ performance as well as the economies of nations. One of the attempts to measure logistics performance at national level is the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) published by the World Bank Group. In fact this study dubbed ”Benchmark of countries’ performance in Logistics – an approach based on World Bank Open Data” argues that there is a close relationship between global competitiveness level of a country and its logistics performance level. It discusses some types of Logistics and also aims to analyze the logistics competitiveness of some countries from a national competitiveness perspective using World Bank Open Data. This work sought to compare Logistics Performance Index (LPI) of Ghana and its region as well as Hungary and its region. Finally, the work made use of international score card where six key dimensions (thus Customs, Infrastructure, International shipments, logistics competitiveness, Tracking & tracing and Timeliness) are applied to benchmark countries' performance and also display their derived overall LPI index to discuss Logistic Performance of Hungary together with that of Ghana.

Мировые рейтинги как инструмент оценки эффективности инвестиций в инновации и выбора стратегии развития

The article discusses the methods of compiling world rankings related to innovation activity and doing business, in particular, the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index Rating of Innovative Economies, the Ranking of countries in the world by the level of global competitiveness according to the World Economic Forum and the Institute of Management, the Doing Business Rating. A factor-by-factor analysis of the position of the Russian Federation in these ratings for a certain time period has been carried out, the strengths and weaknesses of the innovation system in Russia have been investigated. Data from almost all ratings indicate that Russia's position in the innovation activity ratings has been improving since 2010, and there is potential for further growth. It is concluded that Russia produces fewer innovative products compared to the level of investment in innovation. The comparison of individual statistical indicators in the field of innovative development of Russia with similar indicators of foreign countries is carried out. Russia demonstrates high positions in terms of the number and quality of personnel engaged in research and development, but the level of wages, social benefits and comfort of the living environment of scientists and developers is inferior to developed countries. The level of funding for science, research, innovation activity of organizations, as well as the development of innovative entrepreneurship is lower than in the leading countries of innovation ratings. In Russia, there is a negative balance of payments for technology. The introduction of unprecedented sanctions affecting various aspects of the social, economic, and technological spheres aggravates the impact of negative factors on Russia’s innovation system. In the current situation, the issues of import substitution, ensuring the country’s independence from foreign technologies, developments, as well as providing support to innovative companies, talented youth and qualified specialists, overcoming the negative trend of the outflow of scientific personnel are becoming even more urgent. There is provided an up-to-date list of short- and long-term measures to support and stimulate the development of economic sectors, innovative business, scientific human resources and highly qualified specialists.

ПАНДЕМИЯ COVID-19, ИННОВАЦИИ И КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ ПРЕДПРИ-ЯТИЙ СФЕРЫ УСЛУГ

Nowadays, innovation is becoming increas-ingly important for both scientists and practi-tioners due to the significant increase in the level of global competition and the constant search for customers to maximize the bene-fits from their purchasing decisions. The sub-ject of the study is innovations in the service sector and their impact on the competitive-ness of an organization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to study the mandatory introduction of inno-vations to increase competitiveness in a pandemic. Research methods: information search, systematic approach and compari-son. More than 30 scientific works of foreign English-speaking scientists have been ana-lyzed. It was revealed that the introduction of innovations at service enterprises in a crisis allows: to try to keep existing customers in a changing environment; consider the intro-duction of innovations as creating competi-tive value for customers, including for attract-ing new customers. It is concluded that in times of severe market disruption, offerings and business models can become obsolete as a result of changes in customer behavior and competitors' service value creation models.

Factors Affecting Student’s Migration for Studying Abroad: A study of the Majha Region of Punjab

Factors Affecting Student’s Migration for Studying Abroad: A study of the Majha Region of Punjab

Development strategy of production enterprises to ensure competitiveness and development of economic systems

The paper deals with the problem of determination the development strategy enterprises of the food industry in the conditions of integration and globalization processes. The problems influencing the level of global competitiveness determined. Identified key competitive advantages and their relationship with the factors of the competitive environment. This allowed distinguishing the development of strategic priorities the food industry of Ukraine to achieve competitive advantages in the context of current operation conditions. The article deals with the fundamentals of developing the strategy of enterprise economic development. In estimating the level of economic development the graphic analytical model has been suggested. The development trends have been investigated for determining the range of enterprise strategic alternatives. The typical positions of enterprises have been stated depending on the life cycle and the position on the market in order to take into account the most probable prospective trends.

Analysis of the Impact of Macroeconomic Stability on the Level of Global Competitiveness of Western Balkan Countries

Abstract Competitiveness, as a complex concept, can be observed in different ways, from the perspective of an individual, group, company and/or state. The subject of this paper deals with competitiveness of national economies observed through factor analysis, with a particular focus on the level of macroeconomic stability. Through the application of the Analytical-Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, special attention has been paid to the comparative ranking of Western Balkan countries. The ranking has been made in relation to macroeconomic stability and the positions of countries in the ranking of the World Economic Forum, based on the Global Competitiveness Index, for three defined periods of time. The paper identifies key factors that affect the competitiveness of Western Balkan countries. Research findings show that macroeconomic stability has a strong impact on the level of global competitiveness of national economies.

Supply chain flows and stocks as entry points for cyber-risks

Abstract As supply chains become more digital to reach new levels of global competitiveness, caveats from this decision arise. Cyber-risks are one of these potential setbacks, affecting supply chains directly and indirectly, and propagating via supply chain flows and stocks – information, material, and financial. This study applied a systematic literature review to determine how the supply chain’s flows and stocks serve as points of entry to cyber-risks. Cyber-risks arise from different sources (i.e., direct attacks, built-in problems, low-quality issues), impacting supply chains’ flows and stocks (material and information). There is a relation between the type of supply chain and which flow, or stock facilitates access to the supply chain. Finally, we provide a distinction between two concepts related to Supply Chain Risk Management and cyber-risks. This research is useful to 1) enterprise decision-makers, as the description of potential cyber-risks’ points of entry delivers hints on where to focus managerial efforts; 2) developers of Supply Chain Management (SCM) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems, since discussing potential points of entry build awareness about probable exploitation points, thus improving ICT systems’ resiliency, and 3) scholars, as the depiction of the state-of-the-art may serve as a common departing point for future research.

The impact of knowledge components on the world competitiveness

Purpose. To analyze the impact of the knowledge component on the level of global competitiveness of the world. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is the methods and forms of scientific knowledge adopted in domestic science, such as system approaches, comparative and synthesis methods, methods of abstract logical evaluation, methods of detailing, groupings and generalizations, experts evaluations; dynamics series, logic analysis, paired and multiple correlation techniques. Moreover, the Google Trends search engine was used, since the use of this search tool allowed drawing the following conclusions: searches for both concepts in the world and in Ukraine are substantially different: both concepts in the global space, particularly in countries with a high level of competitiveness, are hardly in demand. Findings. Knowledge as an economic category and practical skill permeates all spheres of human life. Currently, knowledge formation is concentrated within TNCs localized in the developed countries of the world (the USA, Singapore, the EU countries, Japan, and others), which is confirmed by the level of competitiveness of the economy of these countries and high ranking of the knowledge component in it. In the overall rating of competitiveness of the influence of the components of the knowledge economy, Ukraine ranks below average, while science now barely crosses the threshold of performing a sociocultural function and begins to perform a cognitive one. Originality. Globalization processes and technological revolution of recent decades have transformed knowledge and intellectual capital into key drivers of competitiveness in the world. We have formed and studied groups of subjective (regional and state policy, which determines the quality of economic and financial processes, as well as the management of the public sector) and objective (geographic, natural and climatic conditions, the degree of sufficiency in raw materials, infrastructure, and others) factors affecting competitiveness of countries. According to the research results, the use of this approach allows for continuous monitoring of the competitiveness level of social and economic indicators in order to identify and eliminate bottlenecks in various levels of state management. Practical value. The authors approach suggested is recommended to be used by scientific institutes, universities, government bodies and services for monitoring socio-economic indicators included in the groups of objective and subjective factors in order to form a holistic understanding and systematic analysis of the influence of the competitiveness of the knowledge component on different aspects of the countrys social and economic life.

ЛОГІСТИКА ЯК ЧИННИК ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ У СФЕРІ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The dynamics of the level of global competitiveness of Ukraine according to the rating of the World Economic Forum is studied. Analysis of these trends shows a relatively low rating level of our country in the global dimension. The components of the Global Competitiveness Index of the national economy are analyzed and it is revealed that the main regression can be traced in the sphere of financial systems and healthcare. Instead, the country's position on the criteria of «goods market», «labor market» and «institutional development» is significantly improving. The current state and structure of Ukraine's foreign trade are revealed. It was found that the volumes of exports and imports of goods and services of Ukraine tend to decrease. It is noted that the weak link in Ukraine's foreign trade is the structure of exports, in which most of the raw materials and primary products. It is noted that Ukraine's logistics system is progressing. This is clearly demonstrated by the dynamics of the national Logistics Performance Index (LPI). In 2018, Ukraine ranks 66th among 160 countries in terms of the efficiency of the logistics system. The value of the LPI in 2018 is 2.83 points. The most developed component of the domestic logistics system is the timeliness (3.42), and the least developed –infrastructure (2.22). Ways to increase Ukraine's competitiveness in the field of foreign economic activity through the efficient use of logistics are considered. A set of measures to optimize the logistics of Ukraine's foreign trade is proposed, which should be aimed at unification of national legislation, harmonization of transport and logistics infrastructure so that it has common technical parameters and ensures the use of a single technology of international delivery. The proposed recommendations for the development of national logistics infrastructure are aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of national logistics operators at the international level, improving the efficiency of export-import operations, increasing the level of national competitiveness of Ukraine.

Competitive features of country associations based on the Global Competitiveness Index: the case of the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement

Modern architecture of the world economy is determined not only by the indicators of development of individual national economies and not only by their individual efforts, but also by coordinated efforts of several countries, such as trade agreements. One of such agreements that should lead to freer market relations, fairer trade and sustainable economic growth in the region, better resolution of international disputes, environmental protection, intellectual property protection, etc., is the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement (USMCA). The aim of this paper is an attempt to analyze the level of global competitiveness of intergovernmental associations (agreements) as influential participants in the international market. To do this, the concepts of “competitive power of the country” and “competitive power of international integration groups” are compared with the concept of firm competitiveness. The competitiveness of the country association was analyzed through the example of the USMCA based on The Global Competitiveness Report 2019 and The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. used in it. The paper also examines the global challenges and obstacles affecting the level of competitiveness and competitive advantage that each country receives when participating in an international integration agreement. This analysis helps explain real competitive processes in the global economy.

The impact of exports on the national economies' condition and changes in their status at the global competitiveness level

Subject. The article addresses the exports of high-technology products and services. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the impact of exports of high-technology goods and services on the condition of national economies. Methods. The study rests on a hierarchy of hypotheses from the general to the specific, i.e. that the increase in exports leads to the economic growth of the country (H1), the exports of goods and services, with varying force, affect the economic growth of the country (H2), the increase in exports of certain categories of high-technology goods directly affects the economic growth of the country (H3). In the first stage, our analysis revealed that under the world economy globalization, exports of almost all countries of the world continue growing. In the second phase, to test the hypotheses we applied methods of multivariate statistical analysis, including the study of a fixed effects model enabling to consider non-measurable individual differences of objects. Results. The study confirms H1 and H2 hypotheses. While testing the H3 hypothesis, we found that the exports of machinery and equipment, pharmaceutical products, services in the field of computer and telecommunications services affect GDP, and the exports of electronics, insurance and financial services have no statistically significant impact on GDP. Conclusions. Although the findings require further investigation of identified causal relationships, we can conclude that they may have a significant impact on feasibility and effectiveness of government measures for boosting international trade and introduced trade barriers.

Regional policy on sustainable development of Ukraine in the context of European integration

The article analyzes the issues of regional development in the context of modern public administration. The study of regional development is actualized by the presence of the social order and the peculiarities of development in Ukraine. The experience of realization of social and economic development of regions is generalized on an example.
 The world experience of state regulation of regional development is largely differentiated due to the peculiarities and development of national economies, state system, political traditions and forms of international integration, and therefore it is almost impossible to identify the dominant model of regional development policy.
 The global trend of the modern world is the growing role of regions as units of the regional level of government, which can, on the one hand, reduce the burden on central government, taking over some of their powers, and on the other - take into account the needs of local decision-making. This process is the result of decentralization, regionalization, democratization and globalization.
 The long crisis period in Ukraine and the proclaimed European integration vector objectively require the implementation of a scientifically sound integrated state policy aimed at restoring economic growth and the economy to the level of global competitiveness. The regional aspect of the economic growth strategy has an exclusive role for Ukraine.
 Today it is necessary to implement its own scientifically sound and balanced regional policy, harmonization of the principles of interaction of the center with the regions in order to ensure the optimal combination of national and regional interests. According to the levels of economic, technological and social development, the regions of Ukraine are significantly differentiated and the problem of leveling these disparities remains relevant.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems in Bulgaria and Romania: A comparative analysis

AbstractThis comparative analysis examines the neighboring entrepreneurial ecosystems in Bulgaria and Romania. In transitioning from past planned economies, these countries maintain similar approaches to entrepreneurship, yet they also exhibit distinct differences. Secondary data analysis revealed that both countries maintain a highly educated workforce with high start‐up skills and similar levels of global competitiveness in growing economies, while still facing low‐risk acceptance and low opportunity perception. On the other hand, Bulgaria excels in networking, building joint venture deals, attracting investment, maintaining a stronger focus on R&D, and the ability to nurture collaboration between industries and universities, while Romania displays stronger political stability, greater ease in starting a business, a more advanced infrastructure, and easier access to credit. As these countries capture the strengths of their respective economies, both Bulgaria and Romania may one day represent powerful hubs of innovation. Organizational leaders may use this study as a comparative springboard to learn new, yet workable policies that may support entrepreneurship within their respective ecosystems.

4PL Digital Business Models in Sea Freight Logistics: The Case of FreightHub

For years, the freight forwarding industry has been facing high levels of global competition. Accelerating this development, new and digital competitors are entering the market, striving to make freight logistics even faster, cheaper, and more predictable. Digitalization processes change traditional logistics businesses, leading to more efficient, flexible, and de-centrally organized logistics services. Sea freight operations, in particular, have the potential to better fulfill customer-specific requirements in competitive and complex environments by integrating digital technologies. Therefore, it is essential to understand how automating informational processes, such as freight brokering, affect business models in the logistics service industry. The present study qualitatively analyzed the case of FreightHub, a fourth-party logistics (4PL) sea freight agency, and compared its business model with traditional third-party logistics (3PL) business models. Applying a digital business model conceptualization, the present paper presents an extended framework for digital sea freight business models. In this line, the study contributes to theory and practice by refining business model research in the maritime transportation context, and providing managerial implications about the opportunities and threats of a digital transition in this industry.

Cluster Technology as a basis for the competitive development of industries in Russia

In the context of globalization (Acuña, 2011) and the pressure of sanction on the national economy of the Russian Federation, the problem of the provision of competitiveness of industrial companies stands out. Economic policy in the national economy, oriented more towards the raw material component, has ceased to correspond to the modern requirements of society. In relation to this provision, new state priorities appeared, focused on improving scientific and technological development, innovation and modernization of the industrial complex, etc., which, in turn, requires the development of new mechanisms and appropriate instruments for the regulation of economic relations in the industrial sector, and the implementation of government support for the industry. However, it must be recognized that federal and regional sustainable development programs and industrial management mechanisms used in modern realities are not effective enough because they generally aim at the isolated solution of local problems. It is indisputable and obvious to all that it is impossible to reach the level of global competition without the progressive and competitive development of the main industries. One of the most constructive solutions to this problem is the cluster approach. Our country has some experience and achievements. So in 2012, employees of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation developed a group-oriented program, the implementation of which involves twenty-five industrial groups. Cluster technologies allow the creation of synergistic and multiplier effects, which, in the end, is a boost for the development of economic growth. But despite all the preferences of the cluster approach, national cluster technologies were unable to implement their advantages, indicating the continued stagnation of industrial production. In this way, the purpose of this research is to study the possibilities of effective use of cluster technologies in the Russian industrial field.