Level Of Federal Districts Research Articles

The state of cancer care in Russia. Analytical indicators: one-year mortality (population study at the federal district level)

In February 2019, Russia's first Population-based Cancer Registry (PCR) was created at the federal district level with a database of more than 1 million 350 thousand observations. It is important to note that the levels of standardized morbidity and mortality indicators in the North-Western Federal District (NWFD) and on average in Russia do not have significant differences: morbidity – 261.3 and 249.5 0/0000 (both sexes), men - 293.2 and 286.8 0/0000, women - 252.7 and 234.5 0/0000, respectively; mortality is both sexes (117.6 and 106.8 0/0000, men - 164.7 and 152.4 0/0000, women - 91.3 and 79.5 0/0000, respectively, which allows us to consider the data obtained from the database of the population cancer registry of the Northwestern Federal District to be close to the national average. After we created the first population cancer registry in Russia in St. Petersburg in 1993, operating according to international standards, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation issued Order No. 420 dated December 23, 1996 "On the creation of the State Cancer Registry", which included our recommendations on the nature of work, staffing and technical support. Cancer registries have been established in all administrative territories of the country, many doctors have been trained in St. Petersburg. In this paper, we will focus our attention on the main important criteria of one-year lethality, its true magnitude and the patterns of its changes. Methods. The research material was the database of the population cancer registry of the North-Western Federal District. Statistical methods recommended by the International Association of Cancer Registries were used to assess the patterns of death of patients. Purpose. To reveal the true state of the oncological service of Russia by the leading parameter - the level of one-year mortality. The main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures is the level of the proportion of patients who died during the first year after registration in a territorial oncological institution. Results. According to official data, the one-year mortality rate of patients with malignant neoplasms in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation is currently (for both sexes) 20.6 and 20.9% (F. No. 7 of state reporting). The planned indicator is to reduce this level to 16-17% in the coming years. The real values of this indicator, calculated on the basis of the population cancer registry database, are at least 30-40%, as in other countries. All this is what we have to figure out. Such a low value of the indicator is explained by the fact that when preparing state reports by superimposing tables from the district level to the reverse, those who died in the last months of the calendar year are not taken into account. They have not yet been received by oncologists from the State Statistics Committee, and the report for the past year must be submitted from the district level on January 20. The main misconception of all management structures is that they do not know on what basis the state reporting is formed and that the database of the population cancer registry has nothing to do with it. This is what our attention has been directed to in recent years - to compile a state report based on the database of the population cancer registry. Conclusions. Taking into account the presence of existing territorial cancer registries in all administrative territories of Russia, which have accumulated extensive statistical material, switch to calculating one-year mortality rates only on the basis of the population cancer registry database after the data for the reporting year is fully completed. Present these data not only together for both sexes, but separately for men and women. To bring the database of the population cancer registry in full compliance with International standards of its management, to calculate not only the mortality rate in the first year of observation, but also the one-year and five-year observed and relative survival. The assessment of the activity of the oncological service should be carried out according to the dynamic series of survival only on the basis of the database of the population cancer registry.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: lip cancer. Population-based study at the federal district level. Part I. Incidence rate, annual mortality rate, localization and histological structure

Malignant neoplasms of the lip (C00) are rare types of malignancies. It is ranked 30 in terms of the structure of oncopathology in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. There is a positive trend in the incidence rate as the proportion in the database of the Population-based Cancer Registry (PCR) of the Northwestern Federal Region of the Russian Federation takes modestly 0,4% (both sexes).
 It should be noted that according to the official reporting (Form No. 7) it is impossible to obtain any other criteria for assessing the effectiveness of combating this tumor in addition to the trends of morbidity. We have presented the estimation on the state of the effectiveness of anticancer measures regarding malignant tumors of the lip (C00) on the basis of the PCR database of Saint Petersburg.
 As of January 1, 2020 the Northwestern Federal Region of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) includes 11 subjects with the population of 1 397 727. In February 2019 we created a unified database of malignant neoplasms of the Federal Region. In fact there has been organized the first in Russia Population-based Cancer Registry at the Federal Region level. Total number of registered lip cancer cases includes more than 1 million 350 thousand cases. To develop analytical criteria, only reliable materials with a number of 952791 cases including 2663 cases of malignant tumors of the lip were selected.
 Aim of the study: to determine the prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the lip, annual mortality, features of localization and histological structure.
 Materials and methods. The study was based on the reference books on the prevalence of malignant tumors (IARC publication Cancer on Five Continents volume XI, P.A. Herzen Institute of Medical Research, N.N. Petrov National Research Center of Oncology, the Population Cancer Registry database of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation). Standard research methods recommended by the International Association of Cancer Registries were used.
 Results of the study. The study has revealed a high level of lip cancer morbidity of the population in Russia and the North-Western Federal District against the background of indicators for economically developed countries, but the incidence rate is gradually decreasing.
 The highest standardized incidence rate of malignant tumors of the lip in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation remains among the male population of the Vologda, Pskov regions and the Komi Republic.
 We have established a special procedure for the death of patients with malignant neoplasms of the lip in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. A surge in mortality from lip cancer has been revealed in women in the second, fourth, seventh, ninth and tenth years of follow-up, in men in the fourth, seventh and tenth, which requires fundamental research in search of the causes of the surge in mortality. Unfavorable annual mortality trends in patients with lip cancer in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation have been revealed. The features of localization and histological structure of malignant tumors of the lip have been established.

Укрупнение регионов как инструмент эффективного управления единым экономическим пространством России

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the study of the enlargement of regions and the governance of the country at the level of federal districts. Methodology. In the process of developing the article, general scientific methods (retrospective and chronological analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and special graphoanalytic methods were used. Results. Based on the results of the scientific research, an overview of modern approaches to the enlargement of regions and their management at the level of federal districts, methodological approaches to calculating the asymmetry of the development of federal districts were presented, the features of the territorial structure of the country were described, analysis and calculations on the asymmetry of the development of federal districts in terms of GRP (gross regional product) and fixed capital investment were carried out, and a graphical analysis of the average per capita monetary expenditures of the population of Russia Conclusions/significance was presented. It is established that as a result of cardinal transformations of the formation of federal districts (not 8 and 15, but maybe up to 50), to make the public administration system more stable and optimal from the point of view of public spending, reliable from the point of view of national and economic security of the country. At the same time, it makes sense to attribute the following to the criteria for the formation of a new system for the formation of federal districts: self-sufficient in order to ensure the average Russian budget security, and at the same time maintain a conditioned dependence on the federal center; the ability to maintain internal institutional unity within the framework of the single economic space of the country; to preserve the existing system of territorial and industrial management; to ensure overcoming asymmetries in the socio-economic development of the territory and the level and quality of life of the population as a whole. The results of the scientific research will be useful both in the development and implementation of regional policy, and to specialists, civil servants who plan to improve the territorial structure of the single economic space of Russia in the indefinite future.

ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВЫСТАВОЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОМ СЕКТОРЕ РОССИИ

The study is devoted to identifying the general and geographical features of the formation and functioning of exhibitions in the oil and gas sector of Russia. To this end, the author has compiled a database containing comparable information on all studied exhibitions: the name, the city, the venue, the organizer, the number of exhibitors, foreign exhibitors, the countries of participants, visitors, status of the exhibition. On this basis, the exhibitions were ranked according to each of the listed indicators, and the largest exhibitions have been identified; the description of exhibition activities at the level of federal districts is provided, with an emphasis on the intensity, territorial concentration, themes of exhibitions, and placement factors. There have been distinguished three exhibition areas in the industry under study: Central, Ural-Volga, Siberian. The paper presents the characteristics of the areas, shows differences in the total number of exhibition events, their status, venues, the status of organizing companies, exhibition themes, features of territorial concentration, and placement factors. Finally, the factors influencing the location of exhibitions of the oil and gas sector in Russia have been identified. Among them, special attention is paid to the presence of a well-developed business infrastructure that allows for quick and efficient resolution of any issues concerning the interaction between different entities of any sector of the economy; the presence of a well-developed exhibition infrastructure, making it possible to effectively serve the needs of participants in industry specific exhibitions (concentration of exhibition sites, warehouses, customs authorities, financial institutions, security services, communications, transport, accommodation facilities, public catering, etc.); good transport accessibility, specialization of the territory in the extraction and processing of oil and gas.

Assessment of the Influence of Tax and Socio-Economic Factors on the Decision on the Territorial Location of Business in Russia

One of the most important issues of regional development and planning is to determine the factors influencing the decision-making on the placement of new companies. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of socio-economic and tax factors on business decisions regarding the territorial location of a company in Russia. Panel data for the period 2017–2021 are considered. in all regions of Russia. We have determined a set of tax factors (revenues to the consolidated budgets of regions, the federal budget, the local budget) and socio-economic factors (the number of priority development areas in the region, the number of closed companies, the average salary in the region, the presence of a million-plus city in the region , the number of able-bodied population in the region, the year the company was opened and the region where the company operates). These factors may have the greatest influence when deciding on the location of a business; they will to a greater extent characterize the situation as a whole in the country or federal district. The tools of correlation-regression analysis were applied. The developed models make it possible to assess the significance of each of the factors at the country level and at the level of federal districts, as well as to identify which areas of regional policy needs to be worked on to create attractive conditions for attracting new companies. The study confirmed two hypotheses. First, it is confirmed that the tax factor is a significant factor when deciding on the territorial location of a business in Russia. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the tax factor in Russia as a whole is not of high importance, but in some federal districts it is a significant factor. Second, it is confirmed that tax and socio-economic factors have a different impact in different regions when deciding on the territorial location of a business in Russia. The results show that the most significant factors are the factors of socio-economic development of the region and the presence of large cities.

ЦИФРОВОЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ПЛАНОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ОРГАНАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ НА УРОВНЕ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of digital transformation of planning, forecasting and managerial decision-making processes at the regional level in the context of national goals of social and economic development. The degree of equipment of regional management bodies with information resources, sufficiency and structure of information systems are considered. The problem of their integration at the macro level of federal districts is posed

Особенности динамики показателей уровня жизни населения в Новосибирской области

The article presents a comparative analysis of the dynamics of indicators of living standards of the population in the Novosibirsk region, the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole. The aim of the study is to determine how the indicators of the standard of living of the population of the Novosibirsk region relate to similar indicators for the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District and to identify the presence of general and special trends, patterns in changes during the period under review. Data from the Federal State Statistics Service, including data from its territorial bodies and data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation were used as an information base. At the initial stage of the study, the authors calculated the share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level for the Siberian Federal District, since Rosstat does not consider this indicator for the level of federal districts, and a number of nominal indicators adjusted for real prices. The growth rate of all the indicators under consideration for the study period was then calculated. The work used a dynamics analysis and an approach based on a combination of statistical, systemic and comparative analysis methods. Based on the study, we can say that most indicators of the standard of living of the population for the Novosibirsk region correspond to the trends observed in the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District. In the case of some indicators, such as the level of employment, the incidence per 1000 people, etc., it can be stated that the growth rate is multi-directional compared to the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal district. In general, the authors did not see any patterns in the dynamics of changes in indicators for NSOs. The study covers 2011-2018, with few exceptions.

The state of cancer care in Russia: malignant neoplasms of the skin (C44). Typical mortality, median survival, observed and relative survival, taking into account the stage of the disease. Population-based research at the federal district level

In the previous article, we presented an analysis of the prevalence and quality of registration of patients with malignant neoplasms of the skin (C44) in Russia and the North-Western Federal District, showed the quality of accounting and revealed the features of the dynamics of localization and histological structure. In this report, for the first time in Russia, our attention is focused on the nature of evaluating the effectiveness of anti – cancer measures based on the main criterion-calculating the survival rates of patients with malignant skin neoplasms at the level of the North-Western Federal District, whose level of "rough" and standardized indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population practically does not differ from the average Russian one. Calculations of all types of survival rates of patients with malignant skin neoplasms (C44) at the federal district level became possible after the organization in February 2019 of a single database (DB) of the cancer registry of the North-Western Federal District, numbering more than 1 million cases of ZNO, including more than 20,000 with malignant melanoma of the skin (2.0%). The created database allows for in-depth development of the dynamics of the localization and histological structure for any part of the localization structure (lip, ear, trunk, etc. parts of the body), which is not available for conducting on the basis of state reporting forms formed before receiving all the information characterizing the state of the oncological service, not to mention that when analyzing the activities of the oncological service, databases of population cancer registers are not used and calculations of the main criterion for its assessment – the calculation of patient survival.

The state of cancer care in Russia: malignant tumors of the skin (C44). Prevalence, index of accuracy, localization and histological structure. Population-based research at the federal district level

Malignant tumors of the skin — visual localization, with a low mortality rate. Despite the fact that malignant tumors of the skin (C44) belong to the group of malignant tumors in many countries, cancer registries did not keep its records, the same attitude to this tumor was developed by doctors, which makes it difficult to conduct comparative studies between countries. When selecting data for the analysis of the prevalence of malignant tumors of the skin, in addition to the heading C44, a part of the heading ICD-10 — C46 — Kaposi's sarcoma — its part C46.0 — Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin is added. In many cases, it is not taken into account, due to its extremely rare occurrence, which does not have any practical impact on all the main analytical indicators. The purpose of this study is: for the first time in Russia, to consider not only the patterns of the prevalence of malignant tumors of the skin, but also to study the specifics of the localization and histological structure of this tumor localization, based on the newly created database of the population cancer Registry (PCR) of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD of the Russian Federation).

State of the Russian Oncology Service: esophageal cancer. Population-based study at the federal district level. Part I. Morbidity and mortality rates, accuracy index, annual mortality

Malignant neoplasms (MNO) of esophagus is the localization with a high mortality rate. Years of searching for effective treatment in Russia have resulted in modest success. The median survival rate of patients is expressed in months, 70% of patients die in the first year of dispensary registration, the levels of one-year mortality rates for men and women practically do not differ.
 The esophageal cancer (EC) morbidity and mortality rates have slightly decreased in 20002018 in Russia and has declined only among the male population of the Northwestern Federal District.
 To study the trends in the morbidity and mortality rates in the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Qualitative analytical indicators, such as the accuracy index and the year-to-year mortality patterns in esophageal cancer patients, will be further considered.
 The highest standardized EC morbidity rates of the population were found in Zimbabwe (Harare, Africans) 15.5 0/0000, Japan (Miyage) 14.3 0/0000 and the Arkhangelsk region of Russia 12.8 0/0000. In 2000-2019 the level of standardized morbidity rates of the Russian population with EC has decreased from 3.44 to 3.19 0/0000 or 7.3% (both sexes), mortality rates from 3.32 to 2.66 0/0000, or 19.9%. A decrease in the morbidity and mortality rates from EC occurred in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, only among the male population.
 Annual EC mortality rate mainly occurs according to the classical model. The highest level is determined in the first year of follow-up (72-74%); by the end of the decade, only 4.1% of patients remain from those initially recorded.
 The accuracy index has decreased in Russia and in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, respectively, to 0.84 and 0.86 (both sexes) but has remained above the critical mark of 0.7 for localizations with a high mortality rate.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: esophageal cancer. Population-based study at the federal district level. Part II. Median survival, observed and relative survival of patients considering disease stage and histological structure of tumors

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the most severe pathology of malignant tumors, with the mortality rate of patients exceeding 70% in the first year of observation. Over the past 19 years, there was a slight improvement in the effectiveness of anticancer measures for this localization of tumors. In February 2019 the Population-based Cancer Registry database (PCRD) of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) was developed with more than 1 million 350 thousand observations which provides insight into the real state of the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures and directs the following development of the database. After a thorough data quality assurance, about 1 million observations were selected for analysis.
 From 2000 to 2018, 15760 primary EC cases were accumulated in the NWFD RF PCRD. Considering that the levels of standardized morbidity and mortality rates of the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation are close in terms of the level of indicators, we believe that the data obtained for the first time in Russia on the survival of EC patients in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation fully reflect the state of the effectiveness of combating EC in Russia.
 The purpose of the study is to carry out a set of analytical calculations of the survival rates of EC patients in the dynamics over the past 19 years according to the NWFD RF PCRD. All calculations were performed in accordance with the international requirements for such development and, first of all, according to Eurocare standards.
 The results of our study indicate that the EC median survival rate for both sexes has increased from five to six months.
 The mortality rate of patients in the first year of follow-up has decreased from 72.4 to 71.4% (both sexes), from 73.9 to 71.6% among men, from 69.3 to 65.1% among women.
 The five-year survival rate of EC patients in the NWFD RF had slight fluctuations, especially among the female population. Data grouped for three five-year observation cycles has shown an increase in the five-year survival rate of EC patients from 7.3 to 8.1%, and the one-year survival rate has increased over four five-year cycles from 25.3 to 30.8%.
 For the first time in Russia, at the population level, the effect of treating EC patients has been shown according to the fourth sign of ICD-10.
 The greatest treatment success has been achieved for Cervical esophagus cancer patients (C15.0) from 23.3 to 35.0% (one-year survival), Thoracic esophagus cancer patients (C15.1) from 29.6 to 35.8%. The most significant improvement has been made for Upper third of esophagus cancer patients (C15.3) from 18.2 to 34.0%.
 It is important to note that over the four observation periods, the proportion of Esophagus, unspecified cancer patients (C15.9) has decreased (from 29.3 to 19.8%), which indicates a major diagnosis quality improvement.

Structure of Oncological Pathology and Survival of Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69) Taking into Account Sex, Age and Histological Characteristics (Population Study)

Objective. In February 2019, we completed work on creating a unified database of the population cancer registry of the NorthWestern Federal district of the Russian Federation. The development of data on the material of a large area significantly increases the reliability of the material under study, especially for RARE localities of malignant tumors, which include tumors of the eye and and adnexa.For the first time in Russia to present an analysis of the effectiveness of anti-cancer activities in relation to malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) at the Federal district level with calculations of 5-year survival rates of patients taking into account sex, age and histological structure of tumors.Methods. The development of the 5-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors of the eye (C69) included information from the database created by us Population cancer register of all administrative territories of the North-Western Federal district of Russia for the period from 1999 to 2013, more than 1000 observations (1022).Results. The study revealed a positive dynamics of survival in patients of the North-Western Federal district of Russia with malignant tumors of the eye. The 5-year survival rate increased among males from 58.8 to 63.1 %, and among females from 64.7 to 69.6 %. A significant overestimation of the proportion of early stages among primary patients with malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) was found, which may be due to medical errors. Calculations of patient survival (with careful tracking of the deceased) allow us to get a more objective picture.Conclusion. Excellent achievements in the treatment of patients of advanced research centers and institutes can be welcomed only if similar successes are recorded at the population level and are available to all patients. Our in-depth development of population data in the Federal district confirmed the success in the treatment of patients with the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69), and the patterns we found first in the database of the Population cancer register of St. Petersburg, and now in the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. Similar studies in other Federal districts could be an important component in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of anti-cancer measures in relation to the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69).

The state of cancer care in Russia: lung cancer, patient survival (population study at the federal district level)

Lung cancer (LC) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in many economically developed countries of the world. In 2019, more than 60 thousand primary cases of LC and more than 50 thousand deaths from this cause were recorded in Russia. The registration reliability index remains high - 0.83, which indicates a significant underestimation of primary patients.At the same time, it should be noted that the standardized rates of morbidity and mortality from LC continue to decline. The most effective criterion for evaluating the activity of the oncological service is the indicator of the observed and relative survival of patients with malignant neoplasms (MNO). Such a possibility exists in many territories of Russia, but it is calculated only in selected territories working according to our programs, and first of all, in the newly created population cancer register of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) with a database (DB) of more than 1 million. 350 thousand observations.The results obtained can be fully extended to the whole of Russia, since the levels of standardized indicators of morbidity and mortality from LC in Russia and the NWFD of the Russian Federation are practically identical.The study showed that from 2000 to 2017, the median survival rate of patients with LC in the NWFD increased from 6.4 to 8.0 months, and the one-year mortality rate decreased from 65,2% to 60,8%.The change in indicators is extremely slow. Differences in the mortality rate (in standardized indicators) from LC between men and women differ in Russia by 7,1, in the NWFD of the RF - by 7.0.Mortality in men from LC in the first year of observation is 63.5% versus 52.5% among the female population, which is primarily due to the peculiarities of the industrial production process and bad habits that are more characteristic of the male population.

Compliance With the “Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards” in Russian Hospitals

The expansion of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative to neonatal wards, known as the Neo-BFHI, provides recommendations to support breastfeeding, as outlined in the Three Guiding Principles, the expanded Ten Steps, and the International Code for Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. In 2017, Russia participated in an international survey about compliance with the Neo-BFHI. To assess breastfeeding support policies and practices in Russian neonatal wards at the country and federal district level in accordance with the Neo-BFHI recommendations. This study was a prospective cross-sectional survey. We used the Neo-BFHI Self-Assessment questionnaire to collect data from neonatal wards that had all levels of care. A total of N = 60 Russian neonatal wards in hospitals that have ever been designated Baby-Friendly or planned to do so participated in the survey. Compliance scores at the federal district and country level ranging from 0-100 were used to summarize results. The median country overall score was 90 (IQR = 83 - 93). Respect for mothers, continuity of care, having a breastfeeding policy, and rooming-in had the highest median scores. Family-centered care, antenatal informing, skin-to-skin contact, and human milk use had the lowest median scores. Neonatal wards in the hospitals that were ever designated as Baby-Friendly had significantly higher scores than those that were never designated. Most respondents (n = 48, 80%) expressed a desire to obtain Neo-BFHI designation in their neonatal wards. Neo-BFHI recommendations can be successfully implemented in Russian neonatal wards at hospitals designated Baby-Friendly or planning to be designated.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy of Central banks

Monitoring the effectiveness of the monetary policy of central banks is a crucial factor in the strategic management of the monetary sphere, not only at the national but also at the global level of the economy. Therefore, improving the methodological tools for this monitoring is of both scientific and practical interest, which determines the relevance of the research topic. The study aims to develop methodological tools to conduct a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of the monetary policy of central banks. The work uses a targeted approach to determining the effectiveness of the monetary policy, as well as methods of systemic-structural, comparative economic and GAP analysis. The empirical analysis of the effectiveness of the monetary policy in several countries for the period of 2014-2019 relies on the data of the World Bank and the Bank of Russia. The novelty of the study is in the targeted approach to the analysis and assessment of effectiveness. This approach is based on the specific features of strategic management of monetary circulation, which allows for a comprehensive objective assessment of the effectiveness regardless of the variety of strategic objectives of monetary policy and their development mechanisms in different countries. The study resulted in the methodology for quantitative assessment of monetary policy effectiveness and the criteria for qualitative evaluation of the analyzed effectiveness. The authors made conclusions regarding changes in the effectiveness of monetary policy in different countries, identified trends in the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, and revealed imbalances in its effectiveness at the level of federal districts. The results of the study confirmed the applicability and practical significance of the developed tools for analyzing and assessing the effectiveness of the monetary policy of central banks. By their means, international and national organizations will manage to identify best practices to implement monetary policy and recommend them for countries with low effectiveness of strategic management of monetary circulation.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПРОГНОЗНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА, ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ И ЭКСПОРТА ЗЕРНА В РОССИИ

The article examines the current state of the grain market at the level of federal districts and in the Russian Federation as a whole, it is noted that, despite severe weather conditions, the gross harvest of 2020 became the second largest in the history of Russia. The leaders in grain production in 2020 were the Central, Volga and Southern, in terms of the area of crops – the Volga, Southern, Siberian and Central Federal districts. The yield of grain and leguminous crops for the analyzed period 1990–2020 increased by 46.7% and averaged 28.6 c/ha in the country. The analysis of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the development of Agriculture for 2017–2025 and its subprograms, the Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035, an assessment of the new indicator «provision of seeds of the main agricultural crops of domestic selection», presented in the Doctrine of Food Security 2020, is given. It is noted that in the world grain market over the past 30 years, Russia’s export potential has grown 24.3 times and reached 48.7 million tons, which corresponds to the third place in the world in grain exports (12% of the market volume) and the first place in wheat exports (20% of the market volume). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain imports, investments for the development of both the grain industry and processing, and market infrastructure, including grain storage and warehousing systems, are given. Grain balance, export dynamics, including for individual grain crops, changes in export sales prices are considered. The main directions of development and improvement of the grain market for the future are presented: attracting investments in the grain industry; increasing the production of grain complex products and improving their quality by increasing the acreage by introducing unused land into circulation; increasing domestic grain consumption for feed purposes due to the development of the livestock industry and industrial grain processing; improving infrastructure and logistics of the grain industry; improving the scientific and technical base of the grain industry; improvement of measures of state regulation of grain production; increase of domestic grain consumption and development of export potential.

Public Management System Transformation in the Conditions of Digitalization

In modern life conditions, within the framework of the "Digital Society" system formation, advanced functions of public administration are implemented as a key factor in the of efficiency improvement of all eco-nomic structures of Russian society. The key element of electronic interac-tion in public administration is the authorities supporting the working pro-gress of the Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation President at the federal district level. This allows to consider a system of digital generalization of providing public services to the people on the basis of the electronic infor-mation interaction between all its participants.

Epidemiology, index of accuracy, histological structure, year-by-year lethality and survival of patients with malignant melanoma. Population study – part I

Malignant melanoma of the skin (MMS) is one of the many types of skin tumors that consists of three layers – the epidermis, dermis and hypoderma. MMS develops from melanocyte cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis and producing the pigment melanin. The melanocyte is a dangerous and vindictive cell, it remembers all sunburns and accumulates them. It is the melanin that gives the skin a brown hue as a result of insolation. It also determines the skin color of African-Americans. Birthmarks are also examples of a cluster of melanocytes.
 In the structure of cancer incidence in economically developed countries, MMS occupies a fairly modest place, but over the past 30 – 40 years, there has been an unfavorable trend.
 In Russia, MMS is not even among the top ten main localities of malignant tumors, its even smaller share in the overall structure of malignant tumors in Russia was in the 80s of the XX century. Until 1982, state reporting did not provide a set of data on the MMS in the USSR and in Russia, including. At our suggestion, in 1982, the Ministry of health of the USSR decided to allocate a separate line in the state reporting for malignant tumors.
 In this study, along with assessing the prevalence of MMS in the world and Russia, we focused on the in-depth development of materials for the North-Western Federal district, mainly based on data from the established population cancer registry (PCR).
 For many years, the analysis of cancer incidence and survival of patients with malignant tumors was carried out by us on the basis of the PCR of St. Petersburg. In February 2019, the first cancer registry at the Federal district level appeared in Russia – PCR of the NWFD of the Russian Federation. As of 01.02.2019, the PCR of the NWFD of the Russian Federation had more than 1 million cases of malignant tumors (1,067,661), including more than 20,000 (21,428) with MMS (2.0%). The PI on the Federal district level allows for in-depth development of the dynamics of localization and histological structure of malignant tumors fourth sign of ICD–10 to study the characteristics of prevalence and survival of patients malignant tumors in any part of the localization structures (lips, ear, trunk, upper and lower extremities, etc.) that cannot be done on the basis of public reporting, and provide analysis of survival of patients of any localization.

Russia’s mineral resource base development till 2035: control at the level of federal districts

In this article, the author concludes that the institution of plenipotentiaries of the President in the federal districts is a legal tool of the President of Russia, which was created to facilitate the exercise of his powers in the federal districts, which can and should be applied in the process of monitoring the implementation of the Development Strategy Implementation Plan mineral resource base of Russia until 2035, even despite the fact that authorized representatives in federal districts are not indicated in the text of the Strategy as part of controlling persons. The territorial bodies of the Federal Subsoil Use Agency (Rosnedra), established at the level of federal districts, should be the conductors of this control: the provisions on the establishment of territorial bodies of the Rosnedra at the level of federal districts contain regulatory provisions that allow direct interaction with the Presidential plenipotentiary representatives in federal districts. In addition, Presidential Decree No. 849 of May 13, 2000, which established federal districts and plenipotentiaries, directly indicates the possibility of plenipotentiaries to monitor the implementation of orders of the Government of Russia — the Strategy was approved in the form of a government order.

Poverty in the Russian Federation: possibilities and specifics of the use of the AROPE multi-criteria index in the poverty monitoring system of the Russian Federation

The article presents a comparative analysis of the level and structure of poverty of the Russian population using two different concepts of poverty definition — the absolute income criterion currently used by Rosstat, and the AROPE indicator of poverty and social exclusion. The paper also attempts to assess how the change of the methodology for determining poverty can affect the existence of the poverty status of individuals. The study is carried out both at a national level and at a federal district level. The empirical basis of the paper is selective observation of income of the population and participation in social programmes, conducted by Rosstat in 2017.The results show that in transition from the absolute income criterion to the multi-criteria AROPE index, the poverty level of the population of the Russian Federation significantly increases. The highest growth of poverty is among people over working age. The age structure of poverty also changes significantly. With AROPE, the proportion of older persons among the poor increases and the proportion of children decreases. It is also shown in the article that the transition from the current official methodology of poverty definition to the definition in accordance with AROPE’s methodology can lead to loss of the poverty status by part of the population, which, in case of the official transition to using AROPE index as a criterion for receiving social support, can have a negative impact on their socio-economic situation. The obtained results vary significantly by federal districts of the Russian Federation.