Level Of Electricity Consumption Research Articles

Ecological footprint-energy r&d expenditures relationship: The case of OECD countries

Sanayileşme, hızlı kentleşme, yüksek düzeyde elektrik tüketimi ve küreselleşme gibi olgular insanlığın çevre üzerindeki talep baskısını giderek artırmış ve küresel ısınma, iklim değişikliği ve hava kirliliği gibi birçok çevresel soruna neden olmuştur. Öyle ki Dünya Ekonomik Forumu tarafından 2018 yılında yayınlanan Küresel Risk Raporunda, Dünya’yı bekleyen en önemli riskin iklim değişimi olduğu ifade edilmiştir. İklim değişikliği ile mücadelede küresel düzeyde birçok girişim yürütülmekte ve ekolojik ayak izi, eko-inovasyon, enerji Ar-Ge faaliyetleri, karbon yakalama-depolama, karbon vergileri gibi uygulamalar geliştirilmektedir. Bu uygulamalardan ekolojik ayak izi hesaplamaları, insanlığın ihtiyaçlarını karşılarken çevre üzerinde yarattığı baskıyı ölçmektedir. Ekolojik ayak izi ile gelecek nesillere sürdürülebilir bir çevre bırakabilme düşüncesi açığa çıkartılmakta ve bunu sağlamak için gerek çözüm yolları aranmaktadır. Gelecek nesillere yaşanabilir bir çevre bırakma noktasında, zehirli gaz salınımını azaltacak çevre dostu inovatif teknolojilere ve bu teknolojileri ortaya çıkartacak Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Enerji alanında yürütülecek Ar-Ge faaliyetleri sayesinde ekolojik ayak izinin azaltılması mümkün olabilecektir. OECD ülkelerinde, 2002-2016 döneminde, enerji Ar-Ge ve demonstrasyon harcamalarının ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki etkilerinin panel veri yöntemleri kullanılarak incelendiği bu çalışmanın temel bulguları, enerji Ar-Ge ve demonstrasyon harcamaları arttıkça ekolojik ayak izinin azaldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, enerji kullanımı ve kişi başına düşen GSYH arttıkça ekolojik ayak izinin de arttığı görülmüştür.

Estimating the macroeconomic determinants of total, renewable, and non-renewable energy demands in Bangladesh: the role of technological innovations.

Bangladesh is wellon course to become one of the leading emerging market economies in the world. Hence, it can be expected that the economic growth of Bangladesh would substantially increase over the next decade. This, in turn, is likely to boost the energy consumption levels of the nation whereby meeting the surge in the energy demand would be a crucial agenda of the government. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that influence the nation's energy demand. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to evaluate the macroeconomic determinants of total, renewable, and non-renewable energy demands in Bangladesh between 1980 and 2014. Besides, the analysis is conducted for both primary energy and electricity consumption levels. The econometric methods used in this study controlled for the structural break issues in the data. The key findings, in a nutshell, show that economic growth and household consumption expenditure positively influence the overallprimary energy and electricity demands in Bangladesh while income inequality exerts opposite effects. Besides, technological innovations are found tobe reducing the total and non-renewable energy demand in Bangladesh while increasing the demand for renewable energy. On the other hand, positive oil price shocks are found to be ineffective in influencing the renewable energy demand but slightly reducing the non-renewable energy demand. Finally,the causality estimates portray the feedback hypothesis in almost all the cases to highlight the inter-relationships between economic growth and energy demand in Bangladesh. Hence, in line with these findingsseveral critically important policy implications are suggested for managing the overall energy demand in Bangladesh.

Society willingness to pay towards application of renewable energy for household electricity needs in Kepulauan Seribu Regency

In the context of regional and local development, energy plays a very important role in all economic activities, so as in the small islands. The Kepulauan Seribu Regency already has an existing power system, but it needs to be improved. One of the available alternatives is by using solar power which is a type of renewable energy. Before the implementation of renewable energy, people participation in the use of such energy needs to be reviewed to obtain information about the conditions, needs, and attitudes of the local people. This research is a qualitative study using a human geography approach as its foundation. People's participation in this research is represented by the willingness to pay at the household scale on the islands with different functions in its connection with people's knowledge of renewable energy and the level of electricity consumption. The research results show that willingness to pay for types of households with businesses both in tourism and governmental islands are not influenced by knowledge of renewable energy, but rather by the amount of electricity consumption. On the other side, the knowledge affects the willingness to pay for the ordinary households on all islands. The deeper or more complete the knowledge, the more willing to pay.

DOES DIGITALIZATION REDUCE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION? EVIDENCE FROM SPATIAL ANALYSIS

This survey addresses the issue of assessing and identifying the role of digital transformation in electrical energy consumption. It is shown that spatial effects in the level of electricity consumption among Russian regions are significant. The work is based on regional data for 2010-2018. Research methods: construction of the Moran and Geary indices, estimation of spatial regression panel models with fixed effects. The Implementation of digital technologies in Russia is at the initial stage, so their impact on energy consumption is ambiguous. The model with a spatial autoregressive lag revealed that the change (increase or decrease) of the electricity consumption level in the one region entails a change of energy consumption in other regions. Since the results indicate the importance of the spatial factor in electricity consumption, the government can implement a differentiated regional policy aimed at improving the efficiency of energy use in certain regions.Keywords: Spatial panel data models, electricity consumption, digital transformation, energy saving, Russian regionsJEL Classifications: O1, Q4, R1DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10500

Potential areas for the development of renewable energy system in Kepulauan Seribu: a case study for households in Pari Island, Tidung Island, and Pramuka Island

Kepulauan Seribu is a group of islands in the Java Sea where electricity source uses submarine cables that that can be damaged of damage the marine ecosystem. Whereas the government decides the Kepulauan Seribu region to be a Special Economic Zone that requires a strong electricity condition and sufficient electricity supply. Households as economic drivers have very high electricity consumption compared to other sectors in Kepulauan Seribu. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential areas for developing renewable energy systems that are appropriate for regions with high levels of electricity consumption. The method used in this study is Multi-Criteria Decission Making (MCDM) with an Analytical Hierarchy Procesess (AHP) weighting technique. The result shows that renewable energy that potentially developed in Kepulauan Seribu is Solar Energy whereas wind energy offshore has a low potential. The findings show that solar energy has high potential to be developed in the Kepulauan Seribu region. Meanwhile offshore wind energy has low potential to be developed in Kepulauan Seribu. The energy that can be generated by the PV system on Tidung Island is 108,505 kWh/m2/day, Par i Island is 66,976 kWh/m2/day, and Pramuka Island is 18,845 kWh/m2/day/day.

The economic value of unsupplied electricity: Evidence from Nepal

Employing two complementary pieces of information from a nationally-representative sample of grid-connected consumers in Nepal - revealed coping behavior and stated willingness to pay (WTP) - this paper analyzes the demand for electricity reliability. First, ex-ante WTP values are estimated for households and firms under different electricity tariff categories. The results indicate substantial heterogeneity in needs and preferences for electricity reliability across and within residential and non-residential tariff categories. The obtained WTP values are then regressed on a set of household- and firm-level observable characteristics to determine the predictors of demand for reliability. Third, predictions by ex-ante WTP estimates are validated using ex-post changes in electricity consumption levels due to countrywide reliability improvements in Nepal. For policy-making purposes, the findings highlight the importance of conducting a detailed analysis of households' preferences and firms' opportunity costs when evaluating the costs and benefits of electricity reliability investments.

Advancing Households’ Sustainable Energy through Gender Attitudes towards Rooftop PV Installations: A Case of the Central Highlands, Vietnam

The report shows that there was no disparity between males and females in their attitude to rooftop solar electricity systems (rooftop PV) installations. Government motivation is the key factor that affects householders’ attitudes to rooftop PV. Three other factors—households’ perception, education and environment mentioning—were also crucial for the research model. Meanwhile, six factors had no significant effect on the dependent variables—these consisted of age, gender, rooftop material, level of electricity consumption, income per family member and household innovativeness.

The Effect of Retail Electricity Price Levels on the FI Values of Smart-Grid Rooftop Solar Power Systems: A Case Study in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Smart-grid rooftop solar electricity (SG rooftop PV) is an alternative sustainable energy resource. This research was conducted in the Central Highlands of Vietnam (CHV) in light of the different levels of retail electricity pricing, the sunshine duration, and the implementation of a feed-in-tariff system, in order to calculate the financial indicators (FIs) of SG rooftop PV, which would supply investors, companies supplying SG rooftop PV, and policymakers with useful information. The FI values were calculated based on the net present value, the payback period, and the internal return rate. The results show that the electricity retail price level affects the FI of SG rooftop PV. SG rooftop PV is installed to satisfy higher electricity consumption levels, which attracts a higher retail electricity price. As a result of the greater benefits, especially if SG rooftop PV is installed and the highest level of electricity (exceeds 400 kWh) is used to satisfy domestic consumption, users will recoup their investment in only four years and after that will enjoy free electricity. All the FI values derived from this research show that people in the CHV can derive benefits from installing SG rooftop PV.

Regional Collaborative Electricity Consumption Management: an Urban Operations Research Model

Electricity generation can be a major source of pollution. In a compact region where pollutants can easily transfer from one city to another, a unilateral response—on the part of one city to improve its environmental conditions—is often ineffective. This paper develops an urban operations research model for collaborative management of a reduction in electricity consumption. This model internalizes the external costs of electricity consumption in a region; derives the optimal level of electricity consumption; and sets up a scheme to compensate for the externalities of electricity consumption. This analysis is the first urban operations research model for collaborative electricity consumption management, which internalizes the external costs of electricity consumption. This study is also the first attempt to derive the optimal level of electricity consumption within regional collaboration. This is the first time that a scheme to compensate for the externalities is proposed to ensure that agreed-upon optimality principle could be maintained throughout the entire duration of cooperation.

Day Ahead Bidding of a Load Aggregator Considering Residential Consumers Demand Response Uncertainty Modeling

As the electricity consumption and controllability of residential consumers are gradually increasing, demand response (DR) potentials of residential consumers are increasing among the demand side resources. Since the electricity consumption level of individual households is low, residents’ flexible load resources can participate in demand side bidding through the integration of load aggregator (LA). However, there is uncertainty in residential consumers’ participation in DR. The LA has to face the risk that residents may refuse to participate in DR. In addition, demand side competition mechanism requires the LA to formulate reasonable bidding strategies to obtain the maximum profit. Accordingly, this paper focuses on how the LA formulate the optimal bidding strategy considering the uncertainty of residents’ participation in DR. Firstly, the physical models of flexible loads are established to evaluate the ideal DR potential. On this basis, to quantify the uncertainty of the residential consumers, this paper uses a fuzzy system to construct a model to evaluate the residents’ willingness to participate in DR. Then, based on the queuing method, a bidding decision-making model considering the uncertainty is constructed to maximize the LA’s income. Finally, based on a case simulation of a residential community, the results show that compared with the conventional bidding strategy, the optimal bidding model considering the residents’ willingness can reduce the response cost of the LA and increase the LA’s income.

The Evolution of Rural Household Electricity Demand in Grid-Connected Communities in Developing Countries: Result of a Survey

The expected electricity demand level of unelectrified communities is one of the variables that guide rural electrification planners and electricity distribution utilities in making the choice of extending electricity grid to such communities and in using appropriate sizes of distribution assets such as transformers. This study presents the result of a survey to determine the level of household electricity demand in two villages in South-West Nigeria. The electricity demand is determined using a bottom-up approach which traces the household electricity demand through the purpose of use, the type and number of electrical appliance, and the duration of use. The result shows that most respondents will use bulbs for up to 8 hours per day but those who own refrigerators will power it for over 16 hours per day. The level of electricity consumption in the households sampled range from 0.38–20.56 kWh/day. Policy implications are discussed.

A Cross-Domain Approach to Analyzing the Short-Run Impact of COVID-19 on the US Electricity Sector.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the globe in 2020, with the US becoming the epicenter of COVID-19 cases since late March. As the US begins to gradually resume economic activity, it is imperative for policymakers and power system operators to take a scientific approach to understanding and predicting the impact on the electricity sector. Here, we release a first-of-its-kind cross-domain open-access data hub, integrating data from across all existing US wholesale electricity markets with COVID-19 case, weather, mobile device location, and satellite imaging data. Leveraging cross-domain insights from public health and mobility data, we rigorously uncover a significant reduction in electricity consumption that is strongly correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases, degree of social distancing, and level of commercial activity.

Price elasticities of residential electricity demand: Estimates from household panel data in Bangladesh

Abstract We collect a household level panel dataset to estimate the price elasticities of electricity demand for different types of urban households in Bangladesh. We use an instrumental variable estimation strategy which exploits exogenous variation in average electricity prices induced by a value-added-tax shock. The results indicate significant heterogeneity in price elasticities by electricity consumption levels. We conduct a number of simulations under alternative policy scenarios to illustrate how incorporating the heterogeneous nature of price elasticities into pricing policy can help decrease electricity demand-supply mismatch and inequality in electricity consumption. The results have important policy implications for developing countries aiming to address major energy issues by implementing tariff reforms.

Stretching the Duck: How Rising Temperatures will Change the Level and Shape of Future Electricity Consumption

This paper examines how rising temperatures due to climate change will affect electricity consumption patterns through mid- and end-century. We extend recent literature in two important ways. First, we directly incorporate adaptation in the form of increased air conditioner penetration, resulting in heightened responsiveness to hot temperatures. Second, we go beyond average effects to consider how higher temperatures will change the intraday and seasonal shape of consumption. This is found to be of greater importance in colder countries, where the average effect is dampened by reductions in heating demand from warmer winters. Seasonal peaks are projected to shift from winter to summer and the diurnal range of hourly consumption expands, exacerbating an increasing need for flexibility coming from the supply side due to a growing share of renewable energy.

Competitiveness of Solar and Wind Power Plants in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States

Techno-economic indicators of renewable (solar and wind) and non-renewable energy sources are systematized, taking into account the interval of their uncertainty for the conditions of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The main attention was paid to Russia and the countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), where there are the most favorable conditions for the development of solar and wind energy. A comparison of renewable and non-renewable energy sources by the criterion of the cost of generated electricity has been made. It is shown that the payment for greenhouse gas emissions increases the competitiveness of solar and wind power plants in the energy markets. Under favorable conditions for renewable energy, solar and wind installations in some areas can produce cheap electricity at a cost of 3–5 cents/(kW×h). With such values, they can be competitive without additional measures to stimulate their implementation. Using the mathematical model REM-2 (Renewable Energy Model), energy sources of different types were compared taking into account system effects. The power supply system consists of photovoltaic converters, wind turbines that enable the possibility of short-term accumulation of electricity and power consumption from a backup power source. Modeling of photoelectric converters and wind turbines operating modes was performed by time (hours) for different values of solar radiation arrival and wind speed. The optimal ratios between electricity production by photovoltaic converters and wind turbines, as well as the optimal level of electricity consumption from the network under different climatic and economic conditions, were determined. The economic efficiency of joint use of solar and wind energy in the CIS countries, primarily in Russia (with the exception of the northern regions) and the countries of Central Asia, is shown.

Cost of power outages for manufacturing firms in Ethiopia: A stated preference study

Abstract A reliable supply of electricity is essential for an operation of a firm. Nevertheless, in most developing countries electricity supply is highly unreliable. In this study, we estimate the cost of power outages for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a stated preference survey. We find that the willingness to pay, and thus the cost of power outages, is substantial. The estimated willingness to pay for a reduction of one power outage corresponds to a tariff increase of 16 %. The willingness to pay for reducing the average length of a power outage by 1 h corresponds to a 33% increase. The compensating variation for a zero-outage situation corresponds to about three times the current electricity cost. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in costs across sectors, firm sizes, and levels of electricity consumption. Policy makers could consider this observed heterogeneity when it comes to aspects such as where to invest to improve reliability, and introduce differentiated electricity contracts.

An Observational Case Study of Synergies between an Intense Heat Wave and the Urban Heat Island in Beijing

AbstractThe focus of this study is an intense heat episode that occurred on 9–13 July 2017 in Beijing, China, that resulted in severe impacts on natural and human variables, including record-setting daily electricity consumption levels. This event was observed and analyzed with a suite of local and mesoscale instruments, including a high-density automated weather station network, soil moisture sensors, and ground-based vertical instruments (e.g., a wind profiler, a ceilometer, and three radiometers) situated in and around the city, as well as electric power consumption data and analysis data from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The results show that the heat wave originated from dry adiabatic warming induced by the dynamic downslope and synoptic subsidence. The conditions were aggravated by the increased air humidity during subsequent days, which resulted in historically high records of the heat index (i.e., an index representing the apparent temperature that incorporates both air temperature and moisture). The increased thermal energy and decreased boundary layer height resulted in a highly energized urban boundary layer. The differences between urban and rural thermal conditions throughout almost the entire boundary layer were enhanced during the heat wave, and the canopy-layer urban heat island intensity (UHII) reached up to 8°C at a central urban station at 2300 local standard time 10 July. A double-peak pattern in the diurnal cycle of UHIIs occurred during the heat wave and differed from the single-peak pattern of the decadal average UHII cycles. Different spatial distributions of UHII values occurred during the day and night.

Analisis Purwarupa Sistem Otomatisasi Penerang Jalan Untuk Menghemat Daya Listrik

Public street lighting automation is one part of an area or a city development design. The design of public street lightning need to pay attention to several aspects, where one of them is how the public street lighting design is able to save electricity consumption. This research contain several combination of public street light-ing automation designs. It use Arduino Mega 2560 board as the main control board, KY-018 sensor as the sen-sor to detect the environment light intensity, HC-SR501 sensor as the sensor to detect object movement, AC light dimmer as the regulator of the lamp, AC power meter as a measuring device to measure the power con-sumption of the lamp used. The testing mechanism are consist of testing the input and output components in the system and testing the electricity consumption in the circuit design. The results of the research carried out, showed a comparison of the level of electricity consumption from each series of combinations that can be used as a reference for road lighting development planning.

Energy efficiency in postpaid-prepaid metered homes: analyzing effects of socio-economic, housing, and metering factors in Lagos, Nigeria

Advances in automated energy metering system over the years have engendered transparency, self-control, efficiency, and equity in energy use especially among residential households globally. Despite this development, only few studies have shown the disaggregated effects of household attributes, dwelling characteristics, and metering systems on residential energy efficiency in the Global South. This paper argues that apart from household contextual factors—socio-economic and housing—the metering systems could indirectly account for energy disparities among urban households. This study therefore compared electricity consumption by urban households under the postpaid meter system and the prepaid meter system using electricity utility data obtained from residents in Ojo Lagos, Nigeria. Findings indicated that electricity consumption levels differed significantly between the postpaid and the prepaid metered households. Further analyses showed that the prepaid meter households used 47% less electricity kWh per annum compared with the postpaid meter households, intra-group variations in domestic electricity use were attributed to the household socio-economic and residential characteristics, and inter-group variations in electricity use rates were attributed to the metering system used by households. This study has both practical and policy implications for urban energy management especially with regard to the metering systems put in place for residential energy use and the need to ensure energy justice in socio-economically polarized cities.

Changing the policy paradigm: A benefit maximization approach to electricity planning in developing countries

Access to electricity can lead to enhanced education, business, and healthcare opportunities. Governments in emerging economies are often faced with the challenge of increasing access to electricity and reducing system inequality, while operating under severe budget constraints. This paper develops a methodology for finding the optimal expansion of a power system under the objective of maximizing social benefit, as it relates to distributional equality for electricity access, subject to a budget constraint. This contrasts with traditional models, which minimize the cost of satisfying projected electricity demand. We formulate a generation expansion planning problem as a utility-maximization mixed-integer linear program and apply it to a case study analysis of a low-income country with limited electricity infrastructure. We focus our analysis on understanding how the optimal allocation of generation between centralized and distributed resources is impacted by stakeholder preferences toward equality and different budget levels. We find that a high preference for equality leads to lower overall electricity consumption levels, but improved electrification rates due to greater investment (300–750 km increase) in transmission infrastructure. If stakeholders move from a low to a high equality preference then they could see a 72–87% increase in energy access equality rating depending on the budget. Conversely, indifference to equality leads to higher overall consumption levels in urban areas but reduced electrification rates. This methodology can help decision makers evaluate the social trade-offs between improving energy access, reducing energy inequality and poverty, and increasing total electricity consumption when operating under budget constraints in their countries.