Surface Water Levels Research Articles

Trace Metal Levels of Groundwater, Surface Water and Sediments in Kinsevere Industrial Zone and Its Surroundings, Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Trace Metal Levels of Groundwater, Surface Water and Sediments in Kinsevere Industrial Zone and Its Surroundings, Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Offshore Wind Power Resource Assessment in the Gulf of North Suez

Growing population, industrialization, and power requirements are adversely affecting the environment through increased greenhouse gases resulting from fossil fuel burning. Global greenhouse gas mitigation targets have led nations to promote clean and self-renewable sources of energy to address this environmental issue. Offshore wind power resources are relatively more attractive due to high winds, less turbulence, minimal visualization effects, and no interaction of infrastructure. The present study aims at conducting an offshore wind power resource assessment (OWPRA) at some locations in the Gulf of North Suez. For this purpose, the long-term hourly mean wind speed (WS) and wind direction above mean sea level (AMSL), as well as temperature and pressure data near the surface, are used. The data is obtained from ERA5 (fifth generation global climate reanalysis) at six (L1–L6) chosen offshore locations. The data covers a period of 43 years, between 1979 and 2021. The WS and direction are provided at 100 m AMSL, while temperature and pressure are available near water-surface level. At the L1 to L6 locations, the log-term mean WS and wind power density (WPD) values are found to be 7.55 m/s and 370 W/m2, 6.37 m/s and 225 W/m2, 6.91 m/s and 281 W/m2, 5.48 m/s and 142 W/m2, 4.30 m/s and 77 W/m2, and 5.03 and 115 W/m2 and at 100 m AMSL, respectively. The higher magnitudes of monthly and annual windy site identifier indices (MWSI and AWSI) of 18.68 and 57.41 and 12.70 and 42.94 at the L1 and L3 sites, and generally lower values of wind variability indices, are indicative of a favorable winds source, which is also supported by higher magnitudes of mean WS, WPD, annual energy yields, plant capacity factors, and wind duration at these sites. The cost of energy for the worst and the best cases are estimated as 10.120 USD/kWh and 1.274 USD/kWh at the L5 and L1 sites, corresponding to wind turbines WT1 and WT4. Based on this analysis, sites L1, L3, and L2 are recommended for wind farm development in order of preference. The wind variability and windy site identifier indices introduced will help decision-makers in targeting potential windy sites with more confidence.

Impact of Water Management on Methane Emission Dynamics in Sri Lankan Paddy Ecosystems

Paddy ecosystems constitute a dominant source of greenhouse gases, particularly of methane (CH4), due to the continuous flooding (CF) practiced under conventional paddy cultivation. A new management method, namely alternative wetting and draining (AWD) (i.e., flooding whenever surface water levels decline to 15 cm below the soil surface), is an emerging practice developed to mitigate CH4 emissions while providing an optimal solution for freshwater scarcity. Despite extensive paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka, no systematic research study has been conducted to investigate CH4 emissions under different water management practices. Thus, field experiments were conducted in Sri Lanka to investigate the feedback of controlled water management on seasonal and diel variation of CH4 emission, water consumption, and crop productivity. Adopting the same rice variety, two water management methods, continuous flooding (CF) and alternative wetting and draining (AWD), were compared with plants (W/P) and without plants (N/P) present. The emission of CH4 was measured using the static closed chamber method. The results show a 32% reduction in cumulative CH4 emission, on average, under AWD when compared to CF. The yield under the AWD was slightly higher than that of CF. Although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) there was not any reduction in yield in AWD than in CF. The total water saving under AWD ranged between 27–35% when compared to CF. Thus, the results support (without considering the effect of nitrous oxide) AWD as a promising method for mitigating CH4 emissions while preserving freshwater and maintaining grain yield in paddy systems.

Using selectivity to evaluate aqueous- and resin-phase denitrification during biological ion exchange.

An increased fertilizer application for agricultural purposes has resulted in increased nitrate (NO3-) levels in surface water and groundwater around the globe, highlighting demand for a low-maintenance NO3- treatment technology that can be applied to nonpoint sources. Ion exchange (IEX) is an effective NO3- treatment technology and research has shown that bioregeneration of NO3- laden resins has the potential to minimize operational requirements and brine waste production that often prevents IEX application for decentralized treatment. In this work, batch denitrification experiments were conducted using solutions with low IEX selectivity capable of supporting the growth of denitrifying bacteria, while minimizing NO3- desorption from resins, encouraging resin-phase denitrification. Although only 15% of NO3- was desorbed by the low selectivity solution, this initial desorption started a cycle in which desorbed NO3- was biologically transformed to NO2-, which further desorbed NO3- that could be biotransformed. Denitrification experiments resulted in a 43% conversion rate of initially adsorbed NO3-, but biotransformations stopped at NO2- due to pH limitations. The balance between adsorption equilibria and biotransformation observed in this work was used to propose a continuous-flow reactor configuration where gradual NO3- desorption might allow for complete denitrification in the short retention times used for IEX systems.

An Investigation of the Performance of the ANNMethod for Predicting the Base Shear and Overturning Moment Time-Series Datasets of an Offshore Jacket Structure

The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate the performance of artificial neural networks to predict the time series of the water surface level (WSL), base shear, and overturning moment using two types of ANN models: Nonlinear Autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (NARX) and Nonlinear Autoregressive models (NAR). After determining the suitable model, NARX, the possibility of predicting the time series of the base shear and the overturning moment data was investigated by considering the water surface level and time as the multivariable model inputs. A jacket model with a height of 4.55m was fabricated and tested in the 402m-long wave flume of the NIMALA marine laboratory. The jacket was tested at the water depth of 4m and subjected to random waves with a JONSWAP energy spectrum. Three input wave heights were chosen for the tests: 20cm, 23cm, and 28cm. The findings showed that using the NARX neural network is a convenient method to predict the base shear and overturning moment values based on the water surface level data as input values. Finally, after suitable neural network determination, using the NARX neural network, the correlation value (R) for calculating water surface level (WSL), Base Shear, and Overturning Moment were obtained as 0.994, 0.97, and 0.94, respectively.

Real-time tsunami forecasting system with nonlinear effects using Green’s functions: application to near-shore tsunami behavior in complex bay topography

ABSTRACT In this study, a real-time tsunami estimation method was developed using the linear superposition of Green’s functions, which account for nonlinear tsunami effects around coastal areas. To this end, first, the nonlinear effects associated with the inundation and bottom friction and advection terms in a nonlinear long-wave model were investigated, focusing on large tsunamis around Urado Bay in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, which is at risk of future damage from tsunamis produced by the Nankai Trough earthquake. The results indicate that the effects of advection play a more significant role than those of the inundation and bottom friction in terms of accurately estimating near-shore tsunami propagation. Then, based on these results, Green’s functions were modified to account for the linearly approximated effects of the advection terms. By applying the developed method to tsunamis around Urado Bay, it was demonstrated that accurate estimations of the water surface level and flow velocity changes could be quickly obtained at any location around the bay. The developed method can be applied to real-time tsunami inundation forecasting and off-shore evacuation simulations of vessels to support optimal evacuation decisions.

Environmental protection and the road database

In recent years, we have witnessed the intensive construction of road routes through Serbia. Mitigation plans have been designed on all newly constructed sections and environmental monitoring is foreseen. In order to successfully implement mitigation and monitoring plans, there is a need to consolidate a large number and type of data. Within the PE "Roads of Serbia" there is a Database department responsible for the management, collection, updating and analysis of the data referring to roads, traffic, traffic signage and equipment, traffic accidents, structures, etc. This paper points to the necessity of upgrading the existing database with data based on applied environmental protection measures, requirements regarding regular maintenance and monitoring of their effectiveness through a monitoring plan. All the elements of mitigation plans that should be included in the database are presented in detail: noise protection walls, oil separators used to treat waste water, wire fences that are adapted to certain animal species and wildlife crossings. The database should also contain monitoring data for surface water, groundwater, air, soil and noise level. In order to improve environmental protection, proposals were also made on the use of data already entered in the existing database and their upgrading.

Development of early warning system for tsunamis accompanied by collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia

Present tsunami warning systems have been specialized for earthquake-generated tsunamis, but rapidly evaluating the tsunamis caused by volcanic eruptions and/or volcanic sector collapses remains a challenge. In this study, we applied a numerical model to the 2018 Anak Krakatau tsunami event, which was generated by the sector collapse, investigated a tsunami prediction skill by the model, and developed a real-time forecasting method based on a pre-computed database for future tsunamis accompanied by such eruption of Anak Krakatau. The database stores spatiotemporal changes in water surface level and flux, which are simulated under various collapse scenarios, for confined areas in the vicinity of potential source. The areas also cover the locations of observation stations that are virtually placed on uninhabited island surrounding the source area. During an actual volcanic tsunami event, a tsunami is expected to be observed at the observation stations. For real-time tsunami forecasting, the most suitable scenarios to reproduce the observed waveforms are searched quickly in the database. The precomputed results under the identified scenarios are further provided as input for rapid tsunami propagation simulation. Therefore, an effective real-time forecasting can be conducted to densely populated coastal areas located at a considerable distance from the source, such as the coasts of Java and Sumatra. The forecasting performance was examined by applying the method for three hypothetical collapse scenarios assuming different sliding directions. We demonstrated that the tsunamis along the coasts were successfully forecasted. Moreover, we showed that the combination of a pre-computed database and the existence of observation stations near the source area was able to produce appropriate tsunami forecasting for the coastal area even in a volcanic event.

Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Levels in Surface Waters from Aba-lla, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Levels in Surface Waters from Aba-lla, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Natural and anthropogenic factors regulating fluoride enrichment in groundwater of the Nansi Lake Basin, Northern China

Excess fluoride (F−) in groundwater can be hazardous to human health of local residents who rely upon it. Beside natural sources, anthropogenic input may be an additional source to be considered. Twenty surface water and 396 groundwater samples were collected from the Nansi Lake Basin, with hydrogeochemical and isotope techniques employed to clarify the spatial variability, source, and the natural and anthropogenic factors regulating the occurrence of high F− groundwater. The factors responsible for elevated F− levels in surface water and deep confined aquifers are discussed based on their hydraulic relationship. Also a conceptual model of F− enrichment with different aquifer systems is put forward based on the geomorphic units of the basin. The results show that F− concentration is between 0.1 and 6.9 mg/L in the west of Lake, while ranged from 0.03 to 1.74 mg/L in the east of Lake. The hydrogeological setting and lithology are the primary factor determining the provenance of high-fluoride groundwater in the basin. Fluoride mainly originated from the dissolution of fluorine-bearing minerals, and is affected by the alkaline groundwater environment, cation exchange, adsorption, and evaporation. The landforms on the east side of Nansi Lake are low hills and piedmont sedimentary plains, where the aquifers consist of karst fissure water and overlying porewater. High F− groundwater is not observed in this area due to its rapid flow and Ca2+-enriched hydrochemical characteristics. The anthropogenic input (such as fertilizer application on farms and illegal industrial pollutant discharge), contribute F− to groundwater in varying degrees, especially in the shallow aquifers east of the lake and in some parts west of the lake. This work is a clear example of how natural processes together with human activities can affect the chemical quality of groundwater, which is essential to safeguard the sustainable management of water resources in semi-arid areas.

Introducing the Idea of Classifying Sets of Permanent GNSS Stations as Benchmarks for Hydrogeodesy

AbstractWe propose a novel approach to classify sets of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) permanent stations as benchmarks for hydrogeodesy. Benchmarks are trusted sets of GNSS stations whose displacements are classified as significantly and positively correlated with hydrospheric changes and identified in a three temporal‐scales: short‐term, seasonal and long‐term. We use 63 vertical displacement time series processed at the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory for the period 1998–2021 from stations located within Amazon basin and show that estimates of trends and annual signals, including the annual phase maximum, are very coherent with water surface levels provided by altimetry missions. We compute vertical displacements from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On gravity missions and predict those also from Global Land Water Storage (GLWS) v2.0 data set which values are produced by assimilation of GRACE into WaterGAP Global Hydrological Model (WGHM). We divide vertical displacements from the three data sets into the pre‐defined temporal‐scales of short‐term, seasonal and long‐term, using non‐parametric wavelet analysis. For each temporal‐scale, correlation coefficients are computed between GNSS‐measured and GRACE‐derived/GLWS‐predicted displacements. We present the benefits of applying high‐resolution GRACE‐assimilating hydrology model to benchmark GNSS stations, which are particularly evident when using spherical harmonic coefficients higher than 120. Their increase causes the number of stations included in the benchmarks to rise by up to 15% for short‐term. Benchmarking allows hydrogeodesy to take advantage of a broader set of GNSS stations that were previously omitted, such as earthquake‐affected sites and those where a possible poroelastic response is observed.

Modeling surface water and groundwater interactions for seepage losses estimation from unlined and lined canals

ABSTRACT This study utilized the Slide2 model to simulate surface water and groundwater interactions and estimate seepage losses from unlined and lined irrigation canals. Firstly, it was validated for an unlined canal passing through an unconfined, homogenous, and isotropic infinitely porous depth. Results revealed that the Slide2 model accurately simulated the seepage flow and estimated the seepage losses with R 2 = 0.99 and MAPE = 3.6%. Accordingly, the Slide2 model runs 54 scenarios to explore the effect of different groundwater table (GWT) locations below the canal berm, canal berm widths, and liner properties, such as liner hydraulic conductivity and thickness on the seepage losses from unlined and lined irrigation canals. The results concluded that when the GWT was above the canal surface water level (CSWL), the seepage losses tended to be lower, ensuing an inflow to the canal bed and inner side slope. Conversely, when the GWT was below the CSWL, the seepage losses tended to be higher, ensuing an outflow to the surrounding unsaturated soil. In contrast, the GWT did not affect seepage losses from lined canals. Also, a wider berm resulted in fewer seepage losses, while the canal berm was less effective for lined canals. In addition, the results proved the lining ability to reduce seepage losses. Thus, the average reduction percentage of the seepage losses for lined canal scenarios was 99.87%. Also, a thick liner could decrease the seepage losses maximally by 48.52%, regardless of the GWT location below the canal berm.

The increasing risk of ammonia volatilization in farmland from the recovery product of magnesium-modified biochar after nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption

Many studies have shown that magnesium modified biochar (MgBC) can recover nutrients from wastewater and be applied as an excellent slow-release fertilizer in farmland. However, the recovery products (NP-loaden MgBC), represented by struvite or magnesium phosphate, have a high degree of self-alkalinity, which may significantly increase the ammonia (NH3) volatilization in farmland. In this study, the optimal adsorption parameters, self-alkaline regulation process and co-adsorption mechanism of MgBC for ammonium ion (NH4+) and phosphate ion (PO43−) were studied through batch experiments. A field experiment was conducted with three treatments, including local conventional fertilization (N1B0) and the application of 5 t·ha−1 or 10 t·ha−1 NP-loaden MgBC in combination with local conventional fertilization (N1B1 and N1B2, respectively), to determine the impact of NP-loaden MgBC on NH3 volatilization, surface water c(NH4+-N) and pH. The results indicated that the maximum NH4+ and PO43− synergistic recovery of MgBC under the optimal adsorption parameters (dosage of 0.6 g·L−1; initial NH4+ and PO43− concentrations of 120 and 60 mg·L−1 and pH of 8) were 59.96 and 98.60 mg·g−1, respectively. Self-regulating alkaline MgBC maintained pH suitable for struvite, and precipitation mechanism controlled the adsorption. The presence of NP-loaden MgBC raised the pH levels in surface water during the basal fertilization stage and increased c(NH4+-N) in surface water during the topdressing stages. This, in turn, led to a significant increase in NH3 volatilization loss during the entire rice-growing period, with N1B1 and N1B2 experiencing a 23.87 % and 48.91 % increase respectively, compared to N1B0. Therefore, it is imperative to take into account the adverse impact of NP-laden MgBC on NH3 loss in paddy fields when considering its application in future field studies.

Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Lakes Evaporation and Power Production using Floating Semitransparent Polymer Solar Cells

The present study predicts the future evaporation losses by applying novel hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA). Water resources management is achieved by covering the reservoir water surface with floating semitransparent polymer solar cells. The energy produced by these panels will be used in the irrigation activities. The study is applied for the mass water body of Nasser Lake, Egypt and Sudan. Five MLAs namely additive regression (AR), AR-random subspace (AR-RSS), AR-M5Pruned (AR-M5P), AR-reduced error pruning tree (AR-REPTree), and AR- support vector machine (AR-SVM) were developed and evaluated for predicting future evaporation losses in the years 2030, 2050, and 2070. The study concludes that the hybrid AR-M5P ML model was not only superior to the AR model alone but also outperformed other hybrid models such as AR-RSS and AR-REPTree. The expected total annual water saving are projected to reach 3.47 billion cubic meters (BCM), 3.68 and 3.90 BCM, while the total annual power production is observed to be 1389 × 109 Megawatt (MW), 1535 × 109 MW and 1795 × 109 MW in the years 2030, 2050 and 2070, respectively. These results were achieved by covering the shallow water depths from contour level 0 m to 10 m below the surface water level. Additionally, this study shows the ability of using MLAs in the estimation of reservoir evaporation and addressing the water shortages in high stress regions.Graphical

Surface Water–Groundwater Transformation Patterns in the Jianghan Plain after the Impoundment of the Three Gorges Project and the Opening of the Yangtze-to-Hanjiang Water Transfer Project

Understanding the law of surface water–groundwater conversion in the face of high-intensity human activities is still a challenge. In this study, we employed statistical and system dynamics methods to investigate the surface water–groundwater conversion law in the Jianghan Plain following the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and the Yangtze-to-Hanjiang Water Transfer Project (YHWTP). The groundwater level’s long data set was used for the first time to study the water level change and water exchange in the research region after the impoundment of the TGP and the delivery of water from the YHWTP. The findings suggest a significant decrease in the interannual trend of the surface water level and groundwater level in the research region. It was observed that a 1m rise in the surface water level can lead to a 0.11–0.38 m rise in the groundwater level. The water level fluctuation coefficients of the surface water level and groundwater level are influenced by the impoundment of the TGP and the water delivery from the YHWTP, causing them to increase and decrease, respectively. In general, the surface water recharges the groundwater in the studied region. The water exchanges between the surface water and groundwater in the Yangtze River’s main stream, the middle region of the Hanjiang Plain, and the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River are, on average, 10−2 m3/(d·m), 10−5 m3/(d·m), and 10−3 m3/(d·m) orders of magnitude, respectively. The water exchange in the Yangtze River’s main stream was reduced after TGP impoundment, and it was enhanced following YHWTP water delivery.

Electrocoagulation/flotation process for removing copper from an aqueous environment

The presence of copper in aqueous environments such as drinking water has led to several environmental effects, such as flavor and odor. The increase in Cu levels in ground and surface water has been mainly attributed to anthropogenic and natural sources. Consequently, this applied-analytical study aimed to investigate copper removal from urban drinking water through batch reactor electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) with aluminum electrodes. The copper removal efficiency was evaluated under various operating conditions of current density (0.8–2.4 mA/cm2), initial concentration (1–100 mg/L), pH (3.5–10.5), and time (10–30 min). Cu was determined using the method outlined in the standard procedures (3500-Cu B at 4571 nm). The results indicated that increasing the current density from 0.8 to 2.4 mA/cm2 and the reaction time from 10 to 30 min improved Cu+2 removal efficiency (from 95 to 100%). In addition, the results demonstrated that Cu+2 reduction is 100% with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, a pH of 7.5, a reaction time of 30 min, and an anode current density of 2.4 mA/cm2. The Taguchi method results for copper removal efficiency show that reaction time is the most significant variable. Furthermore, Cu removal kinetics models in an ECF reactor are second-order (R2 > 0.92). The Cu removal in the ECF reactor is due to redox and adsorption. Moreover, the operational costs of Cu treatment with Al electrode pairs are estimated to range from 8857 and 9636 Rial/kg of Cu removed. Thus, it can be concluded that the ECF process is very efficient in removing Cu from aqueous environments under optimum conditions.

The Impact of Molybdenum Mining on Cd Pollution along Wenyu Stream in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China

Mining has brought many environmental problems to the surrounding soil, water, and air, with toxic elements contaminating surface water, threatening ecological balance and human health. This study selected the Wenyu watershed downstream from a large molybdenum mine in the Qinling Mountains as the study area, aiming to explore the impact of molybdenum mining on surface water quality. The content characteristics of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Hg in surface water, sediment, and rock samples were analyzed by field sampling and chemical testing. The results showed only obvious Cd pollution. The pollution status and ecological risk level of surface water and sediment samples in the Wenyu Stream watershed were evaluated using the single pollution index method, geo-accumulation index method, and Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method. Finally, the sources of Cd pollution and the impact of mining on Cd distribution in the Wenyu Stream were comprehensively discussed. The research results showed that Cd content in the Wenyu Stream was significantly affected by mining activity and the coefficient of variation of Cd content reached 99.44%. Among 22 surface water samples, 21 samples met the Class II water standard, indicating a clean overall water quality of the Wenyu Stream, and only one sample exceeded the Class II water standard with a mild pollution level. All 15 sediment samples were polluted to varying degrees and the most severely polluted sample had reached a moderate to strong pollution level. Most of the samples were at a moderate pollution level. The potential ecological hazard indexes of Cd content were at medium to very strong risk level, indicating that the overall sediment in the main ditch of the Wenyu Stream was under a strong ecological risk level. The main sources of Cd pollution, including acid mine drainage, regional geological background, sediment release, and atmospheric dry and wet deposition, were discussed.

Water surface profile prediction in non-prismatic compound channel using support vector machine (SVM)

The process of estimating the level of water surface in two-stage waterways is a crucial aspect in the design of flood control and diversion structures. Human activities carried out along the course of rivers, such as agricultural and construction operation, have the potential to modify the geometry of floodplains, leading to the formation of compound channels with non-prismatic floodplains, thus possibly exhibiting convergent, divergent, or skewed characteristics. In the current investigation, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique is employed to approximate the water surface profile of compound channels featuring narrowing floodplains. Some models are constructed by utilizing significant experimental data obtained from both contemporary and previous investigations. Water surface profiles in these channels can be estimated through the utilization of non-dimensional geometric and flow parameters, including: converging angle, width ratio, relative depth, aspect ratio, relative distance, and bed slope. The results of this study indicate that the SVM-generated water surface profile exhibits a high degree of concordance with both the empirical data and the findings from previous research, as evidenced by its R2 value of 0.99, RMSE value of 0.0199, and MAPE value of 1.263. The findings of this study based on statistical analysis demonstrate that the SVM model developed is dependable and suitable for applications in this particular domain, exhibiting superior performance in forecasting water surface profiles.

Using InSAR and GPR Techniques to Detect Subsidence: Application to the Coastal Area of “A Xunqueira” (NW Spain)

Climate change represents an important cause of subsidence, especially in coastal cities affected by changes in surface water level and water table. This paper presents a complementary study of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the early detection of subsidence and sinkhole phenomena. The methodology was applied to a coastal urban area in Galicia, northwest Spain (humid region), showing apparent signs of subsidence and building settlement during the last two years. Two different InSAR methods are compared for the period from June 2021 to March 2022: PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) and SBAS (Small Baseline Subsets), and the average deformation velocities obtained resulted in −3.0 mm/yr and −4.1 mm/yr, respectively. Additional GPR data were collected in January 2022 to validate the InSAR results, which detected subsidence in agreement with the persistent scatters obtained from the PSI method. This is crucial information to plan preventive maintenance.

Land–Water Transition Zone Monitoring in Support of Drinking Water Production

Water utilities often use extended open surface water reservoirs to produce drinking water. Biotic and abiotic factors influence the water level, leading to alterations in the concentration of the dissolved substances (in cases of flood or drought), entry of new pollutants (in case of flooding) or reduction in the availability and inflow speed of water to the treatment plant (in case of drought). Spaceborne image analysis is considered a significant surrogate for establishing a dense network of sensors to monitor changes. In this study, renowned inundation mapping techniques are examined for their adaptability to the inland water reservoirs’ conditions. The results, from the Polyphytos open surface water reservoir in northern Greece, showcase the transferability of the workflows with overall accuracies exceeding—in cases—98%. Hydroperiod maps generated for the area of interest, along with variations in the water surface extent over a four-year period, provide valuable insights into the reservoir’s hydrological patterns. Comparison among different inundation mapping techniques for the surface water extent and water level reveal challenges and limitations, which are related to the spatial resolution, the data take frequency and the influence of the landscape synthesis beyond the water reservoir boundaries.