Leveillula Taurica Research Articles

Pepper powdery mildew, caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Leveillula taurica (asexual stage: Oidiopsis taurica (Lév.) Salmon 1906, synonym: Oidiopsis sicula Scalia 1902), poses a significant threat to pepper (Capsicum spp.) cultivation worldwide. This review delves into the taxonomy, geographical distribution, host range, disease symptoms, and life cycle of L. taurica and discusses strategies for managing its epidemics, with a focus on plant genetic immunity. Phylum: Ascomycota; Class: Leotiomycetes; Order: Helotiales; Family: Erysiphaceae; Tribe: Phyllactinieae; Genus and species: Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud 1921. Synonym: Erysiphe taurica Léveillé 1851; in 2025, the species Leveillula taurica was renamed Phyllactinia taurica. Leveillula taurica exhibits a broad host range, infecting monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants of around 200 genera across 60 families, including both herbaceous plants and trees. It causes substantial agricultural losses, particularly in pepper crops. The pathogen is distributed globally, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Initial symptoms include chlorotic spots on the upper leaf surface, which may coalesce and turn necrotic over time. A white mycelial coating (conidia and conidiophores) appears on the lower leaf surface beneath these spots. Severe infections can lead to leaf curling, defoliation, sunburned fruits and reduced yield and quality. The disease is particularly destructive in greenhouses and regions with hot, dry days alternating with cool, humid nights. The hemi-endophytic lifestyle of L. taurica complicates disease management. Effective management of L. taurica involves integrated strategies: regular crop monitoring for early detection, cultural practices to limit fungal development, biocontrol agents, and chemical treatments to prevent or eradicate infections, and the use of resistant plant varieties. Sulphur-based fungicides, commonly used in organic farming, as well as demethylation inhibitors and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, have demonstrated efficacy; however, the emergence of QoI-resistant isolates necessitates cautious use. Additionally, biocontrol agents, such as Trichoderma spp. and other mycoparasitic fungi, provide alternative tools by inhibiting fungal growth. Breeding and deploying resistant varieties provide a sustainable approach to managing this disease.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a globally significant crop. Today, tomatoes are valued for their taste, color, flavor, and nutritional content, making them a popular choice for both fresh consumption and processing. However, its production is severely threatened by fungal diseases, leading to substantial yield losses. This study evaluated the incidence and severity of major fungal diseases affecting tomato plants. The study was carried out in the Irasa Farm Cluster, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, through a survey across eight farms using a modified disease severity scale. A comprehensive survey was conducted utilizing a randomized sampling approach for data collection. On each farm, a random sample of 30 tomato plants was chosen, following a diagonal pattern, and assessed for disease incidence and severity. The collected data on disease incidence and severity were subjected to statistical analysis, and the results were summarized as mean percentage values for each farm. The survey revealed the prevalence of early blight (Alternaria solani) (50.6%), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) (Farm E - 53.83% and Farm A- 40.32%), Septoria rot (Septoria lycopersici), powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), and Sclerotium rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) at the study location. Fusarium wilt had the highest incidence, while early blight was the most severe. Sclerotium rot and Septoria rot incidence and severity were minimal at the study site. There is a need for farmer education and integrated disease management approaches in managing these fungal diseases for sustainable food production and food security. The introduction of cultivars resistant to Fusarium wilt and early blight should be introduced to enhance tomato production sustainability. Effective management of fungal diseases affecting tomatoes requires a multi-faceted approach. Recommended practices include crop rotation, sanitation, timely fungicide application, seed treatment, and nursery bed treatment.

Alio, N., S. Al-Maghribi and N. Mualla. 2024. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two Isolates of Leveillula taurica Causing Powdery Mildew on Protected Tomatoes in Tartous Coastal Region, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(4): 436-442. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001275 Two isolates were characterized as Leveillula taurica based on morphological features and sequencing of ITS regions. The typical symptoms appeared on Mandalon cultivar as bright yellow spots on the upper side of the leaves, and whitish powdery sporulation on the corresponding lower surface, with no cleistothecia formation. Light and electron microscopy showed a lanceolate primary and cylindrical secondary conidia on pseudoidium conidiphores, and other morphological features were similar to those of L. taurica. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence confirmed the morphological characterization. The results of sequence homology for the two isolates using BLAST showed similarity to L. taurica species, with a query coverage reached 100% and more than 99% identity with many isolates registered in the GenBank which infect tomato and other hosts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of L. taurica on protected tomato in the Syrian coast. Keywords: Tomato, powdery mildew, Leveillula taurica, ITS.

Powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica adversely affects the development and growth of pepper plants. However, there have been few reports on the fine mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTLs) gene cloning of resistance genes to powdery mildew in pepper. Herein, an F2 segregating population was constructed using the high resistance material "NuMex Suave Red" and the extremely susceptible material "c89" for bulked segregant analysis and DNA re-sequencing (BSA-seq). Molecular markers were used to achieve fine mapping, followed by expression verification. A major QTL located on chromosome 5 (Chr5, 7.20-11.75Mb) that is associated with resistance to powdery mildew in pepper was mapped using BSA-seq. A narrow interval of 64.86kb encompassing five genes was refined using InDel and KSAP molecular markers developed from the QTL region. Among them, the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 gene, Capana05g000392, was significantly upregulated in multiple resistant materials. In addition, there was a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of A/G in the 241st position of the CDS sequence of Capana05g000392, which in turn leads to an amino acid polymorphism of M/V between susceptible parent and resistant parent. Overall, these results indicate that the Capana05g000392 gene may serve as a robust potential factor against powdery mildew in pepper. These findings further elucidate the genetic mechanism of resistance to powdery mildew in pepper and facilitate molecular marker-assisted breeding.

Powdery mildew, caused by Leveillula taurica, anamorph Oidiopsis taurica, is one of the most serious diseases affecting pepper (Capsicum annuum) under greenhouses and open fields in Egypt. The current study aimed to investigate the relative antifungal activity of chemically synthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (CS-ZnO NPs) and green synthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (GS-ZnO NPs) against pepper powdery mildew under greenhouse conditions. A controlled precipitation technique was used to produce CS-ZnO NPs, and aqueous leaf extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was used to produce GS-ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering. The CS-ZnO NPs were 105.7 nm in size and with a zeta potential of -15.7 mV, whereas those of GS-ZnO NPs were 86.9 nm in size and zeta potential of -18.3 mV, respectively. TEM analyses of GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs confirmed their spherical shape. At 300 mg/L concentration, both types of NPs revealed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decline in disease severity (DS) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The effectiveness of these NPs varied between 78.74 and 82.45%. However, penconazole exhibited the most significant effect, as evidenced by the lowest DS (9.5 and 11.72) and AUDPC (481.02 and 578.14) values when compared with GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs and control in both greenhouses. Pepper plants treated with GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs exhibited increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content, indicating a correlation with the dosage applied. Contrarily, the increased GS-ZnO NPs and CS-ZnO NPs concentration reduced the total phenol content (TPC). The treated pepper plants also exhibited the highest peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase levels at 100 mg/L. The findings revealed a dose-dependent increase of 9.6% and 9.4% in micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations. Our results implied that either GS-ZnO NPs or CS-ZnO NPs are capable of causing genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of rats, even at low dosages of 50 mg/kg after 14 days, and the effect gradually extended up to 28 days. The data suggests the cautious use of nano-products is inevitable, and the mitotic damage should be assessed before using such nano-products on a large scale.. KEYWORDS :Antifungal, Genotoxicity, Nanoparticles, Pepper, Powdery mildew, Zinc oxide

During routine field surveys in February 2023, in a commercial field located in Hegazah village, Qus, Qena governorate, Egypt (25°50'49"N 32°49'33"E), powdery mildew symptoms were observed on leaves of a local cultivar of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Microscopic characterization showed that conidiophores were cylindrical, hyaline, straight, erect to bent, forming conidia singly, primary conidia were apically narrowed, lanceolate, obtuse to pointed measuring, secondary conidia were ellipsoid or cylindrical, measuring. Germ tubes were close to the base. BLASTn results showed 100% similarity with the submitted sequences of Leveillula taurica for ITS rDNA, the obtained phylogenetic tree through the maximum likelihood method confirmed the BLASTn results. Morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud. The obtained ITS rDNA sequence was deposited in NCBI GenBank (OR472546). Pathogenicity tests were conducted, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled with the fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by L. taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud. on fenugreek in Egypt.

Leveillula taurica has until recently been believed to be the causal pathogen of powdery mildew of tomatoes in Mauritius. However, in the year 2022, another powdery mildew species was detected on tomatoes under culture in various tomato growing localities of the island. Based on morphological comparison and molecular analysis, its identity was confirmed as Erysiphe neolycopersici (anam. Pseudoidium neolycopersici). This species has a worldwide distribution causing severe epidemics mainly on greenhouse tomatoes. There is evidence of the rapid spread of this pathogen during 2022–2023 causing serious infection of all tomato cultivars in greenhouse culture in Mauritius. The origin of these infections and its epidemiological consequences are discussed.

Capsicum annuum (curly red chili) is an important commodity for the community. The addition of chemical pesticides is used by farmers to increase plant disease resistance. The use of chemical pesticides is harmful to the environment and can have long-term effects if consumed. Therefore, biopesticide innovation is needed. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an insect that has bacteria and fungi in its gut. Bacteria and fungi found in BSF intestinal isolates can function as antimicrobials for plants. Because of this, in this study investigated the effect of the bacteria and fungi Trichoderma viride in increasing disease resistance in C. annuum plants. There were 4 treatments in this study, namely the administration of chemical fungicides, BSF bacterial formula, T. viride. BSF, and a mixture of bacteria and T. viride BSF. The results obtained were analyzed by calculating the Intensity of Attack (IS) score, microscopic observations in the laboratory, and statistical tests. The IS score of the control plants was 75.0%, the fungicide treatment was 37.5%, the bacterial treatment alone was 33.3%, the T. viride treatment was 19.4%, and the mixed treatment of bacteria and T. viride was 4.2%. All plants were attacked by leaf spot disease by Cercospora sp. Control plants were attacked by Sclerotium rolfsii fungus wilt and powdery mildew by Leveillula taurica and jaundice. Jaundice also attacked plants treated with T. viride only and bacteria only. The normality and homogeneity tests show that the data is not normal and not homogeneous but H1 is acceptable based on the Kruskal Wallis test. The conclusion of this study is that bacteria and T. viride from BSF are able to increase disease resistance in curly chili plants, but are not yet effective in preventing disease caused by Cercospora sp.

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants growing in saline ecosystems and are spread throughout the Mediterranean area. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in agricultural exploitation of halophytes, but poor attention has been given to pest and disease management of these species. The objective of this review is to assess the extent and distribution of pathogenic fungal and fungal-like (Oomycota) organisms on major Mediterranean halophytes. We retrieved 92 references spanning over 100 years, with more than half published since 2000. Ascomycota is the best-represented phylum, and the order Pleosporales has the highest species diversity. The order Pucciniales prevails in Basidiomycota, whereas Peronosporales is the richest order within Oomycota. Most of the pathogenic species have been isolated from aboveground organs, especially from leaves. Portulaca oleracea is the species with the most associated pathogens (16) and records (28). Leveillula powdery mildew, caused by Leveillula taurica, is the most common disease among the selected species. Cakile maritima was found to be vulnerable to different mycotoxigenic Alternaria species. Strengthening the research on diseases of halophytes is essential to successfully grow these species and to evaluate the risks related to the presence of mycotoxigenic species, which is crucial for the effective exploitation of halophytes as crops.

One of the phytopathogens that cause severe damage to jalapeño pepper is Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud, the causative agent of powdery mildew. Synthetic fungicides are currently employed for its control, contributing to adverse effects on human health and the environment. The main objective of this research was to identify the causal agent of powdery mildew and assess the efficacy of chitosan in powdery mildew control on jalapeño pepper. The following treatments were evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions: T1 = 0.0125% chitosan, T2 = 0.0025% chitosan, T3 = 0.05% chitosan, T4 = 0.1% chitosan, T5 = 0.2% chitosan, T6 = tebuconazole 25% (1.8 mL/L water), and T7 = control (water). Symptomatology results indicated that L. taurica is indeed the causative agent of powdery mildew. Treatments T4 and T5 exhibited the lowest percentages of incidences and severity, hence achieving higher control efficacy in the laboratory (57.70 ± 3.85 and 65.39 ± 3.85) and greenhouse (56.67 ± 4.08 and 70 ± 8.16%) compared to T6 (control efficacy, 38.46 ± 0.00% in the laboratory and 50 ± 0.00% in the greenhouse). The chitosan derived from shrimp had a significant impact on the cell walls of L. taurica spores and mycelium. Consequently, chitosan emerges as a viable organic alternative to fungicides for controlling powdery mildew in jalapeño pepper.

Cucurbitaceae, the gourd family of flowering plants, is a very large and diverse family, the order Cucurbitales, contains 95 genera and 950–980 species of food and ornamental plants, and wild and weedy species mostly with high genetic diversity. This review is focused on the most important cucurbit crops (Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita spp., Citrullus lanatus, Momordica charantia, Lagenaria siceraria, and Luffa acutangula) and some their wild relatives as hosts of cucurbit powdery mildews (CPM). Powdery mildews (PM) (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are one of the most frequently encountered and easily visible groups of plant pathogenic fungi with > 900 species. They are obligate biotrophs, they colonize above-ground plant tissues, mostly leaves, though they may also colonize stems, petioles, flowers and fruits, and they are usually debilitators, not killers. These parasitic fungi have been problematic on cucurbits for a long time world-wide, causing serious economic losses in yield and quality. All economically important cucurbit crops host CPM. Seven PM species with different taxonomic positions, host ranges, geographic distributions and ecological requirements are known on cucurbits. CPM species taxonomy and denomination rapidly changed during last few decades through detailed analyses and clarifications. At least three PM species frequently parasitize cucurbits: the endoparasite Leveillula taurica (Lt) with marginal economic importance; and two ectoparasitic species, Golovinomyces orontii (Go), and Podosphaera xanthii (Px), which are economically important world-wide. The two pathogens differ in ecological requirements and distribution, though they may occur together in mixed infections. They are highly variable at the population level for virulence, race identities, and fast adaptation of pathogens. Cucurbit-CPM species interactions are diverse and complicated, and differ between hosts and their respective pathogen genera and species. Here we present a critical overview of obstacles, gaps and recent progress in these matters for six cucurbit genera with respect to resistance resources, genetics of resistance, genetic mapping and development of molecular markers, physiology and mechanisms of resistance, developments in mlo-mediated resistance, patents, and CPM resistance breeding.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a staple leguminous crop in Uzbekistan, where it is cultivated for both human consumption and fodder purposes. The white-grain varieties are primarily grown for food, while the black-grain varieties are cultivated for fodder. However, the cultivation of chickpeas in Uzbekistan is often challenged by various diseases, including root rot, ascochitosis, fusarium wilt, and powdery mildew. Scientific observations have highlighted the prevalence of these diseases in chickpea crops, necessitating the selection of disease-resistant varieties and the development of effective disease management strategies. Research efforts have focused on identifying the types of pathogens responsible for these diseases, studying their spread and development, and evaluating the efficacy of seeds and fungicides in controlling them. Root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, powdery mildew, caused by Leveillula taurica f.ciceris, and ascochytosis, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, are among the most common diseases affecting chickpeas in Uzbekistan. These diseases can significantly reduce crop yields and quality, making them a major concern for chickpea farmers. In field conditions, the occurrence and severity of these diseases can vary between irrigated and rainfed fields. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing targeted disease management strategies that take into account the specific conditions of each field type.

BackgroundLeveillula taurica is an obligate pathogen that causes powdery mildew on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) which is considered one of the most serious diseases for the crop.ResultsLeveillula taurica was isolated from infected pepper plants in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Pathogenicity test was performed, and it was found that the pathogen can cause the symptoms of powdery mildew on the pepper plant. Under greenhouse conditions, treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis MW740161.1, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis cultures resulted in a significant reduction in conidial germination of the pathogen (69.07, 29.55, and 19.58%, respectively). Spraying chili pepper plants with the microorganisms effectively reduced the powdery mildew's disease severity. Also, treatment with the bacterial strains resulted in a significant (P 0.05%) increase in the yield of chili pepper. Based on the findings, it appears that the use of B. thuringiensis, as foliar spraying, significantly induced resistance of chili pepper plants against L. taurica and stimulated many biochemical functions in the plant. Also, it increased the crop yield compared to all other treatments.ConclusionsThis study recommends B. thuringiensis as a viable alternative to harmful pesticides, and it is feasible to formulate an appropriate fungicide for the sustainable green production of chili peppers. The B. thuringiensis can increase the resistance of chili pepper plant to L. taurica the causal pathogen of powdery mildew.

New solutions to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to combat plant diseases and to meet societal and political demands are needed to achieve sustainable agriculture. Tomato production, both in greenhouses and in open fields, is affected by numerous pathogens. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of controlling both late blight and powdery mildew in tomatoes with a single biocontrol product currently under registration. The biocontrol product AXP12, based on the lysate of Willaertia magna C2c Maky, has already proved its efficacy against downy mildew of grapevine and potato late blight. Its ability to elicit tomato defenses and its efficacy in the greenhouse and in the field were tested. This study establishes that AXP12 stimulates the tomato genes involved in plant defense pathways and has the capacity to combat in greenhouse and field both late blight (Phytophtora infestans) and powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici and Leveillula taurica) of tomato.

The article presents the results of mycological studies conducted in the Altyn-Emel National Park and in adjacent territories. The collection of samples was carried out in the summer 2021-2022 in various gorges of the Altyn-Emel ridge, the Chulak Mountains and in the Konyrolen intermountain plain. A taxonomic list is given, which includes 46 species of fungi from 33 genera, 24 families, 16 orders, 9 classes, 2 kingdoms. The largest is the class Dothideomycetes with 18 species. 43 species of micromycetes are new for the study area, for 3 species a new host is given: for Leveillula taurica (Lev.) G. Arnaud - Astragalus sp., Hedysarum sp., Peganum harmala L.; for Neoerysiphe galeopsidis (DC.) U. Braun -Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge, Lamium sp.; for Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun et S. Takam. - Agrimonia asiatica Juz., Geum urbanum L. Of the first recorded species, 31 species (72.1 %) are plant parasites, 10 species (23.2 %) are saprotrophs on plant remains, two species (4.7 %) live on stones and basic rocks and belong to lichenized fungi. Leveillula taurica was found most frequently on various hosts (especially on Peganum harmala).

Widespread outbreaks of tomato powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica and Oidium neolycopersici) are problematic in fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops in western Oregon, USA. In western Oregon, fresh market tomatoes are frequently grown in greenhouses or high tunnels where conditions can promote diseases such as powdery mildew. Heightened concerns about worker safety limit the pesticides available for use in enclosed systems. We studied the efficacy of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light applications under high-tunnel conditions compared with a standard fungicide program. Plants treated with UV-C had zero incidence of powdery mildew on all sample dates in the first trial. In trial 2, disease incidence was lower on UV-C treated plants than both grower standard and nontreated control early in the study while disease severity remained lower in UV-C than nontreated control and similar to grower standard treatment. Additional research is needed to optimize UV-C treatment intervals to minimize negative effects on plant growth and maximize powdery mildew control.

Greenhouses on the Mediterranean coast mainly use plastic materials as their cover. The influence of light exerted by these materials directly affects the crops by modifying the environment in which they develop. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the use of two plastic films in an experimental greenhouse on the development of fungal diseases in two spring–summer crop cycles: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) from February to July 2021 and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) from February to July 2022. The study was carried out in Almeria (Spain) in a multispan greenhouse divided transversely into two sectors by a polyethylene sheet. A commercial film was installed in the east sector (90% of transmissivity and 55% diffusivity) and an experimental film was installed in the west sector (85% of transmissivity and 60% diffusivity). In addition, the effect of the yield and quality of the harvested fruit was determined. In this study, two diseases were established naturally on the crop: (i) powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in both the tomato and the pepper crop cycles and (ii) early blight (Alternaria solani) in the tomato. The analyses of both diseases showed that the areas of the greenhouse that used the plastic cover, which presented a lower sunlight transmissivity, showed higher levels of disease than the areas that used the plastic cover that allowed greater transmissivity of light within the greenhouse, differing statistically in some phases of the crop. The marketable yield was 4.2% (for tomato) and 3.1% (for pepper) higher in the sector with the experimental film with high transmissivity. For both crops, the quality of the fruits did not show statistically significant differences.

Background: Cluster bean crop is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses which are responsible for its poor quality and low yield resulting in severe economic losses. Among the foliar diseases, powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica is an important disease causing the yield losses ranging from 50-55 per cent. So, there is a need to formulate suitable management practices against powdery mildew. Methods: Field experiment was laid-out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to determine the efficacy of economically viable and effective fungicides, botanical and bioagent against powdery mildew of cluster bean. Observation on intensity of disease was recorded using 0-9 scale. The per cent disease index and yield per hectare were taken into consideration for statistical analysis. Result: Among the thirteen combinations, two sprays of hexaconazole @ 0.1 per cent was found to be statistically significant in reducing the disease severity (11.75%) and enhancing pod yield (138.46%) upto 6.20 t ha-1 with C: B ratio of 1:3.23. The combined application of nimbecidine and Bacillus subtilis also showed significant impact on disease reduction as well as on yield of cluster bean. Relatively, the chemical, hexaconazole gave a higher benefit with minimum production cost and this approach is proposed to the cluster bean growing farmers to mitigate the powdery mildew.

Abstract A novel powdery mildew disease was observed on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. The morphological features of fungal colonies and conidia were in agreement with those typical for the genus Leveillula. The total DNA of three field‐collected samples were used as template in PCR assays with the pair of primer PMITS1 and PMITS2, targeting the internal transcribed space (ITS) region of Erysiphales isolates. Amplicons were Sanger sequenced and their BLAST analysis revealed 100% identity with a large number of L. taurica (lato sensu, Clade 1) isolates from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pathogen identification. Equivalent symptoms were observed on chickpea seedlings after controlled inoculation, fulfilling the Koch's postulates. Leveillula taurica (lato sensu, Clade 1) isolates have been reported infecting Fabaceae hosts worldwide, including chickpeas in North America, Africa and Asia. However, this is the first record of L. taurica infecting this crop in Brazil and South America.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) belongs to the solanaceae which is one of commercial crop produced mainly in northern and central rift valley areas of Ethiopia. It is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors especially fungal diseases mainly powdery mildew is the main challenging factor on tomato production in irrigated agriculture. Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) is a major pathogen of tomato. The experiment was conducted at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre in 2020/21 using Galilae tomato variety. Mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) was used as test product and Ridomol gold 68% was used at standard check. High progress was observed on control, while lower were obtained on treated plots by Mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) and Ridomil gold 68WP. More diseased leaf number (5.70) were observed on control, conversely more healthy leaf were found from treated plots by Ridomil gold 68 WP and mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP). Good yield 18 t/ha is obtained on Ridomil gold 68% WP. Good yield advantage 13.5 t/kg is obtained from Ridomil gold 68% WP and Mascot has revealed 13 t/ha. Higher AUDPC; about 395% has been obtained on control, while lowest were 165% and 170% from mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) and Ridomil gold 68% WP, respectively. Plots treated with mascot (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) and Ridomil gold 68% WP have showed lowest TDS 4.00% and 5.00%. Variation in powdery mildew infection rate due to the prevention level of the treatment was clearly observed with this regards; fungicides appropriate for the environment need to be tested to use as alternative fungicide and reduce the fungicide resistance.