Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Research Articles

Absence of Measurable Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity from Leukocytes of Patients with Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract Leukocyte phosphatase activity was determined over a broad pH range. Using this procedure, we found no alkaline phosphatase activity in leukocytes from three patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. The low values usually reported for this disease are actually attributable to acid phosphatase activity, which is slight but measurable at alkaline pH.

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy. Comparison with placental phosphatase activity

The properties of placental and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) were investigated in pregnant and nonpregnant women, by comparing their activity towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate, β-glycerophosphate, thermostability, effect of l-phenylalanine, and, electrophoretic resolution on acrylamide gel. LAP of pregnant and control women showed similar properties, differing from those of the placental enzyme. It was concluded that the increased LAP activity in pregnant women is not likely to be of placental origin.

Muramidase in Polycythemia Vera

Abstract The serum muramidase levels of 45 patients with polycythemia vera were found to be significantly elevated above the values in 20 normal subjects. The patients with polycythemia vera who were studied included those with active disease, those controlled with myelosuppressive agents and those in the spent phase. A high degree of correlation was found between muramidase levels and leukocyte count, granulocyte count, serum uric acid, serum vitamin B12 content and unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity. No correlation was found between muramidase levels and hematocrit, monocyte count and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity. It is felt that this study lends support to the origin of serum muramidase from granulocytes and that elevated levels of serum muramidase in the subjects studied are a reflection of the involvement of the granulocyte in the proliferative process responsible for polycythemia vera.

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy and the puerperium

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity was determined in 222 women during normal pregnancy, labor, and after delivery. LAP scores rise during pregnancy and reach peak values at 24 to 26 weeks’ gestation. Afterward, the scores remain constant and drop a few days before delivery. Administration of estrone in the last trimester of pregnancy causes an increase in LAP activity. No significant changes were noted after progesterone administration, while hydrocortisone decreased LAP activity. The resultant LAP store during pregnancy is an expression of placental function and may serve as an indicator of placental dysfunction. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity was determined in 222 women during normal pregnancy, labor, and after delivery. LAP scores rise during pregnancy and reach peak values at 24 to 26 weeks’ gestation. Afterward, the scores remain constant and drop a few days before delivery. Administration of estrone in the last trimester of pregnancy causes an increase in LAP activity. No significant changes were noted after progesterone administration, while hydrocortisone decreased LAP activity. The resultant LAP store during pregnancy is an expression of placental function and may serve as an indicator of placental dysfunction.

The ultrastructural localization of adenosinetriphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in eosinophil leukocytes.

The previously undescribed localization of reaction products of adenosinetriphosphatase and of alkaline phosphatase in eosinophil leukocytes was demonstrated by cytochemical studies of the rat intestine. Alkaline phosphatase reaction product was found only in minimal amounts on the plasma membrane but was distinct on the nuclear membranes and outer compartment of mitochondria but not on the cristae. The Golgi membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum reacted but less intensely. The specific granules showed no alkaline phosphatase activity.

Bullous Eruption and Elevated Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase in the Course of Busulfan-Treated Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract A 35-year-old man presented with a bullous eruption similar to erythema multiforme following the administration of high doses of busulfan therapy for chronic granulocytic leukemia. There was pancytopenia, hypoplasia of the bone marrow, elevation of serum vitamin B12 and B12 binding capacity and a paradoxical elevation of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level. Discontinuation of the busulfan and the administration of prednisone were followed by gradual healing of the skin lesions, reversal of the pancytopenia and reduction of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity to zero. This case illustrates an unusual and previously unreported untoward response to busulfan and is another example of the capacity of the leukocytes in some patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia to develop high alkaline phosphatase activity in response to inflammation.

Cytogenetic studies of a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia and his nonleukemic identical twin.

One of our patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia has a twin brother. The twins, 31 years old, show similar physical appearance. Both have blue eyes, brown hair and are right-handed. Anthropometric measurements and fingerprint patterns are matching. Blood group antigens, serum factors and PTC tasting are identical. Blood group antigens of the parents have also been determined. It has been calculated that the probability that the twins are MZ is higher than 99.8%.The twins were the result of an uncomplicated pregnancy. There are no other siblings. No family history of consanguinity, hematological disorders or cancer was given. They spent their childhood on a farm. Both have not been exposed to drugs, benzene or radiological procedures, apart from routine X-ray films of the chest.Our patient, who is still working on his farm, had been referred to a hospital in June 1959, because of a knife wound of the chest with a myocardial laceration and pericardial tamponade. White blood cell count at that time was 22300 with 3% basophils.In April 1962, the diagnosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia was established. Findings included hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis with a marked shift to the left, hyperplasia of granulopoiesis in the bone marrow and diminished leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity. In the following years the patient was treated with cyclophosphamide, splenic irradiation and busulfan. Busulfan is continued at present at low doses.

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in cases of bleeding in the first half of pregnancy

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity was studied in cases of bleeding in the first half of pregnancy. In cases of missed abortions, 51 of 53 determinations in 25 instances gave low LAP scores. In 38 instances of threatened abortion in which pregnancy progressed normally, all of 66 determinations were within the range of normal pregnancy. In 41 instances of incomplete abortion 38 scores were low, and 17 scores were above the normal range. The significance of these results is discussed. LAP determinations are suggested as an additional diagnostic test of placental function in disturbed pregnancy.

Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Leukocytes of Newborns

Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Leukocytes of Newborns

Effect of estrogen and progesterone on leukocyte glycogen and alkaline phosphatase in dogs.

SummaryMestranol, a synthetic estrogen, causes significant increases in both leukocyte glycogen content and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in dogs. Progesterone, by daily intramuscular injection, causes significant elevation of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity, but leukocyte glycogen content is unchanged.This work was supported by the Blood Research Fund of the Mecical College of Virginia and Grant CA 08482-04 from the U. S. Public Health Service. Y. Abul-Fadl, M.D. was supported by a fellowship of the Leukemia Society of America, Inc. We thank LaVerne W. Cooper, Mary Vaughan, and Ronald Hamon for technical assistance, and Dorothy Barnes and Lucille Gouldin for expert secretarial assistance. We are indebted also to G. Watson James, III, M.D., for his support. Requests for reprints should be addressed to R. B. Scott, M.D.

Increased leukocyte glycogen in Down's syndrome.

LEUCOCYTE glycogen content and leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAP) usually vary in parallel. Both are increased in acute infections and polycythaemia vera1,2, in pregnancy3,4 and after administration of oestrogen5. Similarly, there is little of either glycogen or LAP in chronic granulocytic leukaemia1,2. There is known to be more LAP than normal in Down's syndrome6, and so we have measured leucocyte glycogen to find out whether the situation is the same.

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in rickets due to vitamin D deficiency.

LEUKOCYTE alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity has been assayed under different hematologic and clinical conditions,1 2 3 4 but has generally been used to differentiate chronic myelocytic leukemia from severe leukemoid reactions.5 , 6 Recently, however, studies on LAP activity have been performed from the genetic standpoint and as a possible chromosome marker.7 8 9 10 11 The rise of serum alkaline phosphatase is a characteristic finding in rickets along with the decrease of serum phosphorus level. The type of isoenzyme in the serum in this condition has also been determined, but tissue alkaline phosphatase has not been investigated.12 In this study, the LAP levels were measured in patients with . . .

Alkaline phosphatase activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in relation to oral contraceptives

The alkaline phosphatase activity of the neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been studied in 25 women using 3 different types of oral contraceptives, the following conclusions were made: (1) There is a definite rise in the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase scores under the effect of the oral contraceptives, more with the norethisterone and norethynodrel, to a less extent with the lynestrenole. (2) There is a gradual return to the normal levels of the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase scores after stopping the oral contraceptive. (3) The alkaline phosphatase levels show no correlation with either the total leukocytic count or the absolute neutrophil count.

LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY TEST FOR PREGNANCY

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 155, Issue 2 p. 972-975 LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY TEST FOR PREGNANCY Charles T. Stubblefield, Charles T. Stubblefield Kansas City, Kan. Medical Building, Suite 104, 155 South 18th St., Kansas City, Kan.Search for more papers by this author Charles T. Stubblefield, Charles T. Stubblefield Kansas City, Kan. Medical Building, Suite 104, 155 South 18th St., Kansas City, Kan.Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb50315.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume155, Issue2Polymer Science: Current Concepts and Civic ApplicationsJanuary 1969Pages 972-975 RelatedInformation

LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY TEST FOR PREGNANCY

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 155, Issue 3 p. 972-975 LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY TEST FOR PREGNANCY Charles T. Stubblefield, Charles T. Stubblefield Kansas City, Kan. Medical Building, Suite 104, 155 South 18th St., Kansas City, Kan.Search for more papers by this author Charles T. Stubblefield, Charles T. Stubblefield Kansas City, Kan. Medical Building, Suite 104, 155 South 18th St., Kansas City, Kan.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1968 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb55079.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume155, Issue3Leukocyte Chemistry and Morphology Correlated with Chromosome AnomaliesDecember 1968Pages 972-975 RelatedInformation

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Leukocytes During Menstrual Cycle

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Leukocytes During Menstrual Cycle

Cytophotometric determination of alkaline phosphatase activity of individual neutrophilic leukocytes with a biochemically calibrated model system.

A model system consisting of polyacrylamide films into which cell sonicate is incorporated was applied to investigate quantitative aspects of the cytochemical azo dye coupling method for alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophilic leukocytes. The films were assayed in media containing naphthol AS-MX phosphate and 4-aminodiphenylamine diazonium sulfate. Optimal reaction conditions under which proportionality existed between the amount of reaction product and incubation time or enzyme concentration were determined. Since the enzyme activity in the films could also be measured chemically, using disodium phenyl phosphate as a substrate, a direct relation between the cytochemical and biochemical activity could be established. The azo dye coupling method was applied for the quantification of the enzyme activity. Air-dried microscopic preparations of exudate neutrophils were stained and the amount of dye formed in the cytoplasm of individual leukocytes was measured with a cytospectrophotometer based on the two-wavelength principle. By reference to the relation between biochemical and cytochemical activities in the model films, the cytochemically determined enzyme activity could be expressed in biochemical units. Independently, the average alkaline phosphatase activity per cell was determined by direct biochemical assay of the leukocyte suspension. The results showed that about 60% of the biochemically assayed activity in sonicate was demonstrated in the cell preparations by the cytochemical staining method. The discrepancy between the results of the two methods is discussed. The applicability of the model system for elucidation of the relationship between the results of cytochemical and biochemical enzyme determination in cells is stressed.

Infantile amaurotic familial idocy. Leukocyte granulation and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Leukocyte granulation and alkaline phosphatase activity in leukocytes were studied in a group of patients with infantile amaurotic familial idiocy (Tay-Sachs disease) and a comparable group of control children. Statistically significant differences could not be demonstrated. The only patient in this series with late infantile amaurotic familial idiocy (Bielschowsky-Jansky disease) showed increased granulation of the neutrophils in his peripheral blood as well as an elevated alkaline phosphatase value in the leukocytes.

Infantile Amaurotic Familial Idiocy

Leukocyte granulation and alkaline phosphatase activity in leukocytes were studied in a group of patients with infantile amaurotic familial idiocy (Tay-Sachs disease) and a comparable group of control children. Statistically significant differences could not be demonstrated. The only patient in this series with late infantile amaurotic familial idiocy (Bielschowsky-Jansky disease) showed increased granulation of the neutrophils in his peripheral blood as well as an elevated alkaline phosphatase value in the leukocytes.

Significance of Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase in Hodgkin's Disease

In a long-term prospective study of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease, there was an excellent correlation between LAP activity and active disease in the absence of known corticosteroid therapy and major infection. Most patients with 'inactive disease had normal LAP activity. Serial measurements of LAP activity appear to be a useful adjunct in evaluating not only the clinical state of patients with Hodgkin's disease but also their response to therapy.