Acute leukemias represent the first cause of cancer in children. Their prognosis has improved significantly due to remarkable advances in therapeutic management, despite the risk of long-term consequences, especially for patients who underwent allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Through the Leukemia in Children and Adolescents (LEA) long-term follow-up cohort (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT01756599), we conducted a French national multicenter prospective study on the occurrence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), differentiating glomerular and tubular dysfunctions, corresponding to the NephroLEA project. Among the 1,676 patients included, the median age at evaluation was 15.8 (interquartile range [IQR], 11.3-20.5) years, with a median follow-up of 9.2 (IQR, 5.8-13.9) years. aHSCT was performed on 343 (20.6%) patients, half of whom have undergone the procedure after achieving second or greater remission. A higher percentage of children among transplanted patients had diastolic and systolic blood pressure above the 95th, with 13.7% versus 5.2% (P=3x10-3) and 15% versus 6.5% (P=9x10-2), respectively. A total of 187 patients (11.1%) had a mild CKD (i.e., eGFR between 75 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), while 3% (N=50) exhibited mild to severe CKD (eGFR <75 mL/min/1.73 m2). Notably, no patient reached kidney failure. Twenty-one patients (1.3%) had decreased glomerular filtration rate associated with tubular impairment. The principal risk factors for developing CKD were aHSCT and leukemia relapse. In conclusion, CKD represents a long-term risk for patients who relapsed and/or underwent aHSCT. These patients could benefit from nephroprotection advice to further improve their long-term outcomes, which is becoming a public health issue.

. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (LMA) undergoing chemotherapy have one of the side effects, namely experiencing mucositis, this is also influenced by oral hygiene. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between oral hygiene and mucositis in. The design of this study used quantitative research with descriptive analytic, namely cross sectional. The number of samples is 56 respondents with purposive sampling data collection technique. Measuring tools used Oral Hygiene questionnaire and mucositis assessment questionnaire (OAG). The results of the study were the majority of respondents with male sex 60.7%, the length of the chemotherapy period for the majority of respondents was more than 2 years 67.9%, the majority of oral hygiene obtained the most results with sufficient oral hygiene 57.1% and the majority of mucositis obtained mucositis results being 51.8%. Spearman test Rank p value obtained 0.000 so that there is a relationship between Oral Hygiene and Mucositis in cancer children, with a value of r = -0.799 very strong strength with a negative. The results of this study are expected that health workers can apply good oral hygiene for patients undergoing inpatient and outpatient care regarding the importance of good oral hygiene for children with cancer so as not to cause severe mucositis.

Leukemia is a blood cancer characterized by leukocyte overproduction. Clinically, the reference for acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis is a blood biopsy that allows obtain microscopic images of leukocytes, whose early-stage classification into leukemic (LEU) and healthy (HEA) may be disease predictor. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose an interpretable artificial neural network (ANN) for leukocyte classification to timely diagnose acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The “ALL_IDB2” dataset was used. It contains 260 microscopic images showing leukocytes acquired from 130 LEU and 130 HEA subjects. Each microscopic image shows a single leukocyte that was characterized by 8 morphological and 4 statistical features. An ANN was developed to distinguish microscopic images acquired from LEU and HEA subjects, considering 12 features as inputs and the local-interpretable model-agnostic explanatory (LIME) algorithm as an interpretable post-processing algorithm. The ANN was evaluated by the leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. The performance of our ANN is promising, presenting a testing area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic equal to 87%. Being implemented using standard features and having LIME as a post-processing algorithm, it is clinically interpretable. Therefore, our ANN seems to be a reliable instrument for leukocyte classification to timely diagnose acute lymphoblastic leukemia, guaranteeing a high clinical interpretability level.

Viral oncotherapy in leukemia

Hematological malignancies are considered the fifth most common cancer in the world. Several risk factors and probable etiological agents have been suspected in the pathomechanism of those malignancies as infections, chemicals, irradiation, etc., and recently, the contribution of the altered gut flora, dysbiosis, was identified also as a possible additional factor to the existing ones. Host, and external factors, like antibiotics, which were identified as a major disruptor of the "normal" gut flora, influence the composition of the microbiome. Considering the several-fold differences in antibiotic consumption patterns and the incidence of hematological malignancies in European countries, the hypothesis was raised that the dominant consumption of certain antibiotic classes might influence the incidence of different hematological malignancies through the modification of gut flora. Comparisons were performed between the average antibiotic consumption databases reported yearly by ECDC (2009–2019) and the incidence rate of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), and leukemia (LEU) estimated for 2020 in 30 European countries. Applying Spearman calculations, significant positive correlation has been found between the incidence of HL and tetracycline (J01A) consumption (r = 0.399, p = 0.029), NHL and narrow spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant penicillin (J01CF) (r = 0.580, p = 0.001), MM and tetracycline (r = 0.492, p = 0.006), penicillin (J01C) (r = 0.366, p = 0.047), narrow spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant penicillin (J01CF) (r = 0.574, p = 0.001), while strong, significant negative correlation has been recorded between NHL and cephalosporin (r = − 0.460, p = 0.011), and quinolone (r = − 0.380, p = 0.038). The incidence of LEU did not show any positive or negative association with any antibiotic classes using Spearman calculation. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression (OR) indicated increased risk between HL and the total consumption of systemic antibiotics (J01 p: 0.038), and tetracyclin (J01A p: 0.002). Similarly, increased risk has been detected between the MM and tetracyclin (J01A p: 0.02), and narrow spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant penicillin (J01CF p: 0.042) and decreased risk between cephalosporin and MM (J01D p:0.022). LEU showed increased risk with the consumption of macrolides (p: 0.047).

Introduction: Leukemias, despite their declining mortality over the years, continue to be a major public health problem in Brazil. Objective: to analyze trends in mortality from myeloid leukemia (LM) and lymphoid leukemia (LL) in Brazil from 2000 to 2018, correlating with health services and municipal human development index (MHDI). Methods: Data were collected from DATASUS databases for the year 2000 to 2018, regarding mortality rate, number of specialized hospitals, MDHI, primary care coverage and population by state. Correlation analyzes were performed between the studied variables and time series analysis to measure trends over the years (VPA – annual percentage change). Results: Approximately 50% of the Brazilian states showed a tendency to increase mortality from LL and LM. The North and Northeast regions have higher APC and lower MDHI. There is a statistically significant difference between MHDI and referral hospitals (p = 0.000; r = 0.64) and MHDI with primary care (p = 0.034; r = -0.41). For LL, mortality is higher in men (p &lt; 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation for LL mortality rate in women with primary care coverage (p=0.049; r=-0.38). Conclusions: Approximately 50% of Brazilian states showed increasing mortality. Mortality is higher in men with LL. Mortality of women with LL is lower where there are more primary and referral centers.

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease associated with changes in the skin's structure in which the immune system attacks the body. A recent meta-analysis has reported a high incidence of cancer prognosis including lung cancer (LC), leukemia (LK), and lymphoma (LP) in patients with SSc as comorbidity but its underlying mechanistic details are yet to be revealed. To address this research gap, bioinformatics methodologies were developed to explore the comorbidity interactions between a pair of diseases. Firstly, appropriate gene expression datasets from different repositories on SSc and its comorbidities were collected. Then the interconnection between SSc and its cancer comorbidities was identified by applying the developed pipelines. The pipeline was designed as a generic workflow to demonstrate a premise comorbid condition that integrate regarding gene expression data, tissue/organ meta-data, Gene Ontology (GO), Molecular pathways, and other online resources, and analyze them with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Pathway enrichment and Semantic Similarity (SS). The pipeline was implemented in R and can be accessed through our Github repository: https://github.com/hiddenntreasure/comorbidity. Our result suggests that SSc and its cancer comorbidities share differentially expressed genes, functional terms (gene ontology), and pathways. The findings have led to a better understanding of disease pathways and our developed methodologies may be applied to any set of diseases for finding any association between them. This research may be used by physicians, researchers, biologists, and others.

Distinct cooperation between a mutated gene and trisomy 21 triggers leukemia in utero

Donor CD3 Chimerism After Allogeneic Transplantation Predicts Probability Of Relapse For Patients Treated For Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), and Non-Hodkgin's Lymphoma (NHL)

Number Of Apheresis Days To Reach Target Stem Cell Dose May Be a Predictor Of Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Intravenous Once-Daily BuCy 2 With Pharmacokinetic (PK)-Guided Dose Adjustment As Conditioning Regimen For AML Patients In First Complete Remission

Transfusion Dependence and Use of Hospice Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Leukemia

Development and Characterization of the Novel Orally Bioavailable EZH1/2 Dual Inhibitor DS-3201

Thromboprophylaxis with Fixed Dose, 1mg/Kg/Day, Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Adults Undergoing Induction with Asparaginase for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Results of a Single Institution Cohort Study

Loss of p21ras, p53, and Mdm2 Protein Expression Is Indicative of Worse Prognosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Изучение роли факторов врожденного иммунитета в остром миелоидном лейкозе до и после химиотерапии

Objective: To assess impact of continuous nursing intervention on quality of life in patients with acute leukemia. Methods: the valid data was collected from 202 patients during July 2019 to February 2021. In the early stages of the study, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Control group participants received common nursing intervention during treatment. In another group, the participants who received additional continuous nursing intervention based on common nursing intervention were defined as the intervention group. The data included age, sex, education, marital status, duration of illness, number of treatments, quality of life assessments, and physical functioning status. Result: All results of characteristic were no significant difference between control group and intervention group. In addition, after carrying out nursing intervention, control group participants had better improvement in some indexes of quality-of-life, such as Physiological, Social/family, and Emotional. However, comparing with control group, function, leukemia specific module, and total score were significant difference in intervention group (p < 0.05). Also, we observed that intervention group participants had better physical functional status after carrying out nursing intervention, their physical functional status assessment was significant higher compare with control group participants. Conclusion: continuous nursing intervention can improve quality of life and physical function in patients with acute leukemia in long term. compared with common nursing intervention, continuous nursing intervention is more likely to improve patients by changing their behavior so that patients' quality of life and physical function are imperceptibly improved over the long term.

Background Majority of children with cancer live in low- and middle-income countries. The data is scarce on the epidemiology of childhood cancer in these countries. In this study, we enrolled children and adolescents with cancer at the only cancer hospital in Tanzania and determined the epidemiology and HIV infection among this population. Methodology This was a descriptive hospital-based study conducted at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Data were collected for eight months (May to December 2010). Participants were enrolled consecutively as they presented to the hospital. Demographic data, HIV status and clinical diagnosis were determined and recorded. Each patient was followed up until a final diagnosis was reached, and investigations for disease staging were completed. Results One hundred and fifty-one (151) patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age at presentation was 5.8 years (range 3-17years), and 51.7% of participants were males. Sixty-three per cent (63%) of patients had their diagnoses confirmed by histology or cytology. Retinoblastoma was the most common malignancy (29.1%) followed by Nephroblastoma (11.3%), Burkitt lymphoma (10.6%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias (10.6%). More than half (58.2%) of patients aged three years or younger had Retinoblastoma. Four patients (2.8%) had HIV infection; three of them with Kaposi’s sarcoma and one with Burkitt lymphoma. Conclusion Retinoblastoma was the most typical malignancy followed by Wilms tumour, Burkitt lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The prevalence of HIV infection was very low among patients with the described malignancies. Key Words: Childhood Malignancies, Tanzania.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is a rare form of multiple myeloma (MM) and is a rare aggressive disease with a median overall survival of 6 - 11 months. We present a case of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy as the initial presentation of PPCL in a 78-year-old woman to highlight an atypical presentation of this disorder. J Med Cases. 2020;11(10):320-323 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3559

Imatinib introduction caused to improve the clinical outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Despite the significant effects of Imatinib, pharmacogenetic variables induced treatment resistant is also observed. Imatinib is known as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump substrate encoded by the ABCB1 gene. The ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T variants are possibly correlated with interindividual variation in pharmacokinetic response to Imatinib therapy. The present study aimed to examine the effect of ABCB1 gene variants on the therapeutic response of Imatinib in CML patients. Sixty-nine Iranian CML patients treated with Imatinib or Nilotinib were selected and divided into two groups of sensitive and resistant to Imatinib. C1236T and G2677T/A variants were genotyped by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, and C3435T variant was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Then, the results were compared between the two groups of patients. Our results showed that there were no significant differences between C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T variants of ABCB1 gene and clinical response to Imatinib in the Iranian CML patients. According to the results of this study, genotyping of ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T variants couldn’t help to predict the outcomes of Imatinib treatment in CML patients. So, these variants are not useful to make decisions about treatment, but it is suggested to do further investigations.