Legislative Elections Research Articles

Courts and Populist Electoral Politics – the Case of Hungary

Elections are devices, through which the abstract concept of representation gains its specified institutional form, therefore they are highly relevant for populists. The paper examines the illiberal-populist project of redesigning the legal framework of elections in Hungary after 2010, focusing on the role of the Hungarian Constitutional Court (HCC) in reviewing electoral law as well as interacting with the ordinary courts through electoral adjudication. It is argued that although a distinct ‘populist imagination’ (Müller) of elections is discernible, there is no special populist electoral politics, rather the ‘inherent authoritarianism of democracy’ (Pildes) is exacerbated. In Hungary the electoral legislation was shrewdly tailored to the governmental parties’ needs, and electoral politics is constantly subjected to instrumental changes. It is argued that although apex courts could be key players in checking electoral manipulation, the HCC did not protect effectively the integrity of electoral law, and at a later stage it even intervened in an arbitrary and arguably politically biased manner. The paper argues that the Hungarian example underscores the need for enhanced court activism in terms of electoral law, especially when populists already came to power.

PROPAGANDA IN AIADMK'S 2021 CAMPAIGN SONG: A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Campaign songs have long been utilized to communicate political parties’ ideas and promote unity, particularly in the political landscape of Tamil Nadu. However, recent election campaigns have leveraged advancements in technology and innovative multimedia marketing techniques, giving campaign songs a distinct significance for shaping public opinion and swaying voters. This study examines the campaign song “Thodarattum Vetrinadai Endrendrum Eratailai” (May the success continue forever for two leaves) released by the All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) party during the 2021 Tamil Nadu state legislative election. Employing multimodal discourse analysis and Kress and Van Leeuwen’s visual grammar, the research analyzes the song’s content to identify the presence of propaganda techniques. The study reveals that Bandwagon, Plain Folk, and Card Stacking are prominent propaganda tools employed in the song. Furthermore, the visual grammar analysis unveils the strategic use of visual elements in the video that synchronously aligns with the party’s campaign objectives.

A Comparison of Legislative Election Systems in Indonesia and Malaysia

The article aimed to analyze the comparison of electoral systems in Indonesia and Malaysia due to relevant differences and similarities. In Malaysia, the legislative election system was implemented to elect members of the People Council using a district platform. Meanwhile, Indonesia used an Open Proportional system to elect members of the National and Regional Representative Councils. A total of three aspects were also compared between both countries through a legal research and comparative approach, namely Government, Election, and Party Systems. Data collection was subsequently carried out through empirical studies, including interviews and literature reviews. The results showed that differences in government systems, state forms, and administration were observed between Indonesia and Malaysia, where proportional and district electoral platforms were implemented, respectively. Despite the differences, the two countries still had various similarities, such as the implementation of a multiparty system using different party coalition platforms. Variations were also observed in the implementation of voting rights by soldiers and convicts within both countries.

Strategi Komunikasi Politik Legislator Lokal Dalam Mempertahankan Elektabilitas di Kota Semarang

<p class="Default"><em><span lang="EN-US">This research is a case study of the success of the political communication strategy of a local legislator named Kadarlusman in the city of Semarang in maintaining his political electability. The paradigm used in this research is the constructivism paradigm. Data collection techniques in this research are interviews and observation to obtain primary data as well as documentation and literature study to obtain secondary data. The theory used in this research is the social exchange theory of John Thibaut and Harold Kelley which highlights the exchange of messages, responses and rewards between individuals and dyadic groups in social interactions. The results of this research show the success of a local legislator named Kadarlusman as Chair of the Semarang City DPRD in maintaining his political electability in the City of Semarang through a Political Communication Strategy, especially in the Electoral District 5 area. The series of Political Communication activities carried out was the City DPRD Chairperson Cup E-Sports Mobile Legends Tournament. Semarang, Kopimi Outlet UMKM Bazaar, Wonosari Village, Cultural Carnival in the framework of the KH Haul. Syafi'I Piyoronegoro, and Pak Pilus' interactions with residents of RW 10. The results of this research were analyzed to determine the social exchanges that occurred in the context of interpersonal communication and it can be concluded that his political communication strategy was successful. Kadarlusman has received the most votes in Semarang City in legislative elections since 2014, 2019 and 2024.</span></em></p>

Analisis Program Tayangan TVRI dan RRI Sumut Menjelang Pilpres dan Pileg 2024

This research discusses the analysis of North Sumatra TVRI and RRI broadcast programs ahead of the 2024 presidential and legislative elections. The elections will be held on February 14 2024. The event will be held to elect the President, Vice President, members of the DPR, Provincial DPRD, Regency/City DPRD, members DPD, as well as regional head elections (Governor, Regent, Mayor). The research method used is a qualitative method using desk study and field study techniques, that is, research using the method of collecting data from information as well as carrying out analysis and re-examining secondary data. The results of research by TVRI and RRI have created many programs ahead of the 2024 elections, both at the central and regional levels. Presenting news with the theme "People's Choice" which provides information to the Indonesian people regarding election preparations. The target of this program is to provide information and educate the public about elections so that people can use their voting rights as well as possible. With efforts to provide education to the public so that the 2024 election will be a good election.

An anarchist take on royalty: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’s evolving assessment of post-revolutionary monarchy, 1839–64. Part II

ABSTRACT This second half of a two-part essay examines how Proudhon’s ideas about monarchy changed during his 1858–62 Belgian exile and further evolved upon his return to France around the time of the 1863 legislative elections. If Proudhon justified monarchy’s role in state formation in the French pre-revolutionary past, he did not want the political liberalization of the Second Empire to lead to a return to a regime ressembling the July Monarchy. He attempted in the final years of his life to develop a theory of constitutional evolution which could explain France’s internal political evolution since 1789 and Europe’s geopolitical evolution since the Vienna Settlement. This theory was designed to indicate why the teleological logic at work in both national and international developments since the French Revolution spelled the death knell for Napoleon III’s regime and pre-empted any regression to those political constitutions which came before the February 1848 Revolution in France. While developing these reflections, Proudhon continued to imagine alternative forms of political and social representation anticipating and influencing the way in which later theories of federalism and corporatism were discussed during the French Third Republic in a context of general dissatisfaction with parliamentary democracy.

The Urgency of Establishing an Electoral Judicial Institution as an Effort to Strengthen the Electoral System in Indonesia

Periodically, every five years, general elections are held as a form of democracy in Indonesia. During elections, political issues are often followed by controversies, conflicts, and disputes in local power competitions. These issues include cheating, money politics, and vote manipulation. The purpose of this study is to encourage the establishment of a permanent electoral court in the constitutional system and in the form of a state institution to handle any existing election results disputes, whether for the presidential election, legislative election, or regional election. To achieve the electoral justice system's legal certainty and utility principles. The research method was used qualitatively with a case study research design. The results indicate that the establishment of an election court institution is essential, considering elections are held regularly and periodically as part of people's sovereignty representation and efforts to establish a fair electoral system. An election court institution is necessary for Indonesian elections, tasked with handling every election dispute, thereby allowing the Constitutional Court to focus solely on testing laws against the 1945 Constitution. This journal concludes that an electoral justice institution needs to be established permanently, with competent judges and resources to handle every election-related case to realize an electoral justice system.

Problematika Penanganan Politik Uang pada Pemilihan oleh Sentra GAKKUMDU Kabupaten Kendal

Indonesia has a democratic form of government where the government system is from the people, by the people, and for the people (Kristina, 2021). Democracy as a means of people's sovereignty is realized by holding Legislative Elections and Regional Head Elections. Of course, the implementation of elections or regional elections cannot be separated from the violations that occur. These violations are divided into administrative violations, violations of the code of ethics, and violations of electoral crimes. The handling of each violation varies. Administrative violations are forwarded to the KPU, violations of the code of conduct are forwarded to the DKPP, and violations of electoral crimes are forwarded to the Sentra Gakkumdu (Integrated Law Enforcement Center). A concrete example of the violation of electoral crime is money politics regulated in Article 187A of the Regional Head Election Law. The purpose of this paper is to find out the problems in handling money politics in the Regional Head Election by the Sentra Gakkumdu Kabupaten Kendal so as to minimize the occurrence of money political practices in the Regional Head Election and the implementation of handling election violations in accordance with the rules so that the holding of elections is carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. This research is an empirical or non-doctrinal legal research with a qualitative approach. The techniques used in collecting legal materials in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that there are still several problems or obstacles faced by Sentra Gakkumdu, including community factors, law enforcement officials, and statutory factors..

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF REALIZATION OF IMPLEMENTING UNIVERSAL ACTIVE VOTE RIGHT

This article presents practical issues of citizens implementing universal suffrage in Kazakhstan during electoral processes, specifically their implementation during organisation and conduct of electoral processes. The objective is to analyze problems which arise during elections when citizens exercise universal active suffrage, in order to develop proposals on how best to manage these challenges in future elections. Analyses were employed when considering electoral legislation as implemented at polling stations via analysis method; when studying its practical implementation through observation method with results combined using synthesis. As a result, it was observed that electoral legislation does not align with its universal principles, such as universal and equal suffrage, nor with precinct election commission's working principles of transparency, collegiality and openness, which serve as foundation of their work. Discussion results were shared out, practical legislative proposals developed for improvement to strengthen local executive bodies/precinct election commission's work processes. The reason for this statement is that although theoretically all legal and organizational mechanisms of elections are covered, it is established that the experience of their implementation is different in each region, at each polling station. In this regard, the basis for improving the work of local executive bodies on the formation of voter lists has been determined. In order to prevent the restriction of the universal active suffrage of citizens in the elections of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, deputies of the Majilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the importance of the presence or absence of registration at the place of residence of citizens was considered.

Предвыборная агитация в Telegram-каналах: проблемы правового регулирования

The legal regulation of election campaigning has been a long-standing research topic for both theorists and practitioners of electoral law. This topic becomes especially relevant during the pre-election period. The active growth of information technologies and significant gaps in domestic legislation often cause violations of existing legal norms due to the impossibility of their actual implementation. The rapid development of messengers as a means of communication and the expansion of their functionality significantly expand users' access to information. The article analyzes the legal status of Telegram channels as services for the dissemination of information on the Internet, used, among other things, for conducting election campaigning and the problems of their legal status during the pre-election period. A comparative analysis of the functionality of Telegram channels and a review of law enforcement practice is carried out. Proposals have been developed and formulated to improve the current electoral legislation of the Russian Federation.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is devoted to the evolution of the electoral system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors on the basis of the analysis of the normative-legal base of the electoral system show its evolutionary way as a political instrument capable to promote both democratic development of society and its stagnation and degradation. A new turn in the development of the electoral system of Kazakhstan was conditioned by the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 30 August 1995. From that time on, fundamentally new pages of the electoral system of Kazakhstan began, which chose the path of a presidential republic with a bicameral Parliament and a developed system of local representative bodies - maslikhats. Constitutional reforms from 1998 to 2017 had a significant impact on the evolution of electoral legislation of Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet period, expressed in the fact that a number of its provisions were more politically motivated than dictated by the need for further democratisation of public life and compliance with legal logic. Therefore, in order to eliminate these shortcomings of the electoral system, amendments and additions were made to the legislation provided for by the Constitutional «On amendments and additions to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan» Act № 156-VII Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 5 November 2022. It introduced 174 amendments and additions, including 34 new articles, to the Constitutional Law on Elections of 28 September 1995. They concerned all aspects of electoral law and the practice of its application. The article is set out in a problem-chronological plan, similar or closely related events that took place in different periods of the evolution of electoral legislation, in violation of chronology, but in accordance with their logic, are set out in one place.

Political Party Management Strategy: An Approach to Political Communication Strategy

In the 2019 Legislative Election there were 19 parties participating in the election contest, of which 4 new parties passed, while in the 2024 Legislative Election there were 24 parties that passed, including 4 new parties, one of which was the Gelora Party and in South Sulawesi only 18 parties passed the election. This research aims to (1) describe the Gelora Party's communication planning in obtaining legislative seats. (2) describes the implementation of Gelora Party communications to obtain legislative seats. This research was carried out at the Gelora Party DPW Office, South Sulawesi. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses qualitative methods with a narrative or descriptive qualitative study approach. The results of the research show that the Gelora Party's Political Communication Strategy as a New Party in the 2023 General Election continues to implement a political communication strategy in winning legislative seats, where means of supporting political communication such as creative and up-to-date social media content to support the popularity of legislative candidates, a persuasive approach is still dominant. The Gelora Party and its image as a Nationalist Party became an obstacle in gaining support from other religious groups.

Why Do Non‐Resident Citizens Get Elected? Candidates' Electoral Success in Ecuadorian Extraterritorial Districts

To the growing literature on non-resident citizens’ special representation, we contribute with a systematic examination of the role of descriptive representation of citizens living abroad in elections for extraterritorial districts. Using data for the 308 candidacy observations in three two-seat extraterritorial districts in five legislative elections held between 2007 and 2021 in Ecuador, for a total of 30 seats, we test four hypotheses related to the electoral rules, party-level, and socio-demographic factors of non-resident candidates. Ecuadorian non-resident candidates benefit from their incumbency position and party affiliation, along with left-wing ideological ascription and belonging to party organizations that pushed for voting rights abroad and that manifest an interest in emigrant issues. This article contributes to showing what gets emigrants elected in extraterritorial seats and offers a within-country comparison connecting elections with legislative politics across national borders.

Конституционное регулирование избирательной системы в контексте обеспечения стабильности избирательного законодательства

The article deals with the problem of the gap in the 1993 Constitution of Russia in terms of regulating the electoral system in its broad sense. It is noted that the introduction of the vast majority of legal norms to the level of laws and by-laws generates instability of electoral legislation and negatively affects the state of the Russian legal system. Based on the results of the analysis of the Constitutions of foreign states and domestic scientific works and political constitutional projects, proposals are made on the prospects of constitutional regulation of the electoral system of Russia.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 30% KUOTA DALAM KETERWAKILAN PEREMPUAN DI DPRD KOTA TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2019

This reserach aims to analyze how the 30% women’s affirmative action policy impact women’s representation in the Tasikmalaya City DPRD and explain the factors that hinder the 30% women’s representation policy in the 2019 legislative elections. This research is motivated by the case of the decline in women’s representation in 2019, namely only reached 6.7 %. With this relatively small number, it is a concern for the Tasikmalaya city government to make more efforts regarding the empowerment of women in thei participation in the political field, especiallyin legislative institutions. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out using literature study techniques and field studies through observation and interviews. The data source comes from 4 party management members consisting of the Golkar, Gerindra, PDI Perjuangan, and PPP parties, then 2 of them and the KPUD commisioner and a female member of the DPRD council. The results of this research show that the affirmative action policy with a minimum quota of 30% of women in the legislative election nomination stagehas been fulfilled by political parties. This can be seen from the placement of women’s representation in each electoral district in Tasikmalaya city. However, this fulfillment has not yet had a significant impact on increasing women’s representation in Tasikmalaya City DPRD seats, this is caused by several factors that occur, including economic limitations, social contruction, and also party networking. Political is still not optimal for increasing women representation.

Zakonodatel'stvo o lishenii izbiratel'nyh prav i ego prakticheskoe primenenie v Alma-Atinskom okruge v 1918–1936 gg.

The article analyzes the state’s interest in disenfranchisement that was explained by its importance in the political system of Soviet society as a tool for identifying “class enemies”. The main source of the research on the problems of electoral legislation of the 1920s is the Instructions for the Election of City and Village Councils and the Convocation of Congresses of Councils and its application in practice in the regional context.

Foreign Interference and the Incremental Chilling of Free Speech

Foreign interference is a growing threat to all liberal democracies, including Australia. To respond to this growing threat, the Department of Home Affairs has developed a complex ‘Counter-Foreign Interference Strategy’ (CFIS). At the heart of the strategy lies a suite of interlocking and overlapping legislation, including the Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme Act 2018 ( FITS Act), the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 and the Electoral Legislation Amendment (Electoral Funding and Disclosure Reform) Act 2018 (Electoral Funding Act). The aim of this paper is to explain and clarify the legislation and the free speech burdens it imposes, and determine whether the laws are suitably targeted at foreign interference without unduly limiting legitimate communication activity. We argue that the current criminal law regime is ineffective in addressing the problem because foreign interference is a complex and pervasive phenomenon taking many different forms — from espionage on university campuses to anonymous and targeted social media campaigns. The legislative scheme is not properly tailored to tackle foreign interference as it actually occurs.

TO WHAT EXTENT THE DECLARATION OF A STATE OF EMERGENCY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE PALESTINIAN BASIC LAW DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised consciousness across the globe of how constitutions respond to crises. This article examines the issue of the Palestinian President declaring a state of emergency in Palestine on March 5, 2020, under Presidential Decree No. 1 of 2020, to confront the spread of the Coronavirus. However, the President continues to extend the thirty-day state of emergency ten times. In addition, the article discusses a crucial issue associated with the extent to which the extended constitution of emergency in Palestine lasts, as the Basic Law only allows him to declare the state of emergency for a one-time limit. The article aims to clarify the constitutionality of the extension of the state of emergency in Palestine, in addition to placing some legal alternatives to avoid the President’s breach of the Basic Law. To achieve the objectives of the article, socio-legal research using a qualitative approach and face-to-face interviews was adopted. Accordingly, findings show the inconsistency of the extension of the state of emergency with the Basic Law due to the suspension of the role of the Legislative Council in Palestine. The article emphasizes and recommends that the role of the Legislative Council shall be activated to oversee the presidential decrees extending a state of emergency issued by holding the legislative elections in Palestine.

Aceh Party Regeneration Pattern in Facing 2024 Legislative Elections in North Aceh Regency

The decline in the Aceh Party's seat in the People's Representative Council of North Aceh Regency in the 2019 election was a form of the failure of the Aceh Party in forming its cadres. Votes from 2014-2019 have decreased so that the electability of political parties has also decreased very significantly with the lack of role of legislators in realizing work programs in society. The easiest thing to be assessed by the public in every activity and behavior carried out by political parties is often a barometer in measuring the quality of political parties so that in the process of cadre from the Aceh Party does not meet the electability of a leader. The purpose of this study is to find out how the regeneration pattern of the Aceh Party of North Aceh Regency in facing the 2024 legislative election and the obstacles of the Aceh Party of North Aceh Regency in the cadre recruitment process to face the 2024 legislative election. Method on research on the Qualitative. the object of the research so that it will obtain valid or accurate data related to the Pattern of Local Party Regeneration in the Face of the 2024 Legislative Election in the Aceh Party, North Aceh Regency. The results of the Research Study illustrate that the regeneration pattern carried out by the Aceh Party uses millennials and generation z in seeking support. In addition, it is also intensively promoting with a persuasive approach so that it can increase support in the 2024 election. However, what makes the obstacle occur when regeneration still uses the old strategy of giving it to former GAM combatants who have not served in the government but lack knowledge in government. This makes the pattern of regeneration in the Aceh Party has not been maximized.

Bawaslu's Authority to Resolve Disputes on Elected Candidates Internal to Political Parties in the 2024 Legislative Election

The open proportional system used in the 2024 Legislative Election with the determination of elected legislative candidates within political parties based on the majority of votes has resulted in disputes over elected candidates within political parties. This research aims to determine the provisions governing procedures for resolving disputes between internal political party candidates and institutions authorized to resolve disputes. The research method used is normative with descriptive analysis looking at Bawaslu's authority in resolving cases based on reports from fellow legislative candidate members within the party. The authority to determine elected candidates as legislative members is in the hands of the KPU/KPUD in stages. Thus, political parties cannot intervene in this authority in any form. The research results found that Bawaslu as the institution responsible for supervising the stages or process of elections as attributed to the Election Law, should be able to handle or resolve disputes between internal legislative candidates of political parties because it is explicitly stated in the academic text of Law no. 7 of 2017 that Bawaslu received and reviewed reports regarding alleged violations of Election Administration Provisions because disputes over elected candidates within political parties were included in the election dispute regime and not the political party dispute regime. The conclusion of this research is that this type of dispute can occur in the election process, especially in the process of determining elected legislative candidates by the KPU, provincial KPU, district/city KPU.