Introduction: Land inequality remains a major challenge in developing nations, particularly in Indonesia and Nigeria, where unequal land distribution has deep social and economic implications. Both countries have undertaken land law reforms to promote fair access and sustainable resource management. Understanding how these reforms operate within distinct legal and historical contexts is essential for achieving equitable agrarian governance.Purposes of the Research: Analyze and compare the land law reform processes in Indonesia and Nigeria to assess their contribution to achieving justice in agrarian governance. It seeks to identify key similarities and differences in reform approaches, evaluate their socio-legal impacts, and explore policy strategies that strengthen land rights, social inclusion, and rural welfare.Methods of the Research: A qualitative comparative legal analysis was employed, focusing on legal frameworks, policy implementation, and institutional mechanisms in both countries. Data were collected through literature review, document analysis, and secondary sources such as academic journals and government reports. The comparative framework allows examination of each country’s reform trajectory and its effectiveness in promoting fair and sustainable agrarian governance.Results Main Findings of the Research: The findings reveal that although both countries differ in their historical and legal contexts, they face similar challenges namely, land ownership concentration among economic elites and weak protection of indigenous and smallholder farmers’ rights. Indonesia has shown progress through land redistribution and asset legalization programs, while Nigeria emphasizes decentralized land management and community-based access policies. The study concludes that achieving equitable agrarian governance depends on the integration of legal reform, public participation, and policy transparency.

Indonesia’s juvenile criminal justice system has embraced diversion and restorative justice as foundational principles following the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This study critically examines the legal frameworks underpinning these principles, explores the policy gaps, and evaluates the implementation challenges that have emerged in practice. Employing a socio-legal qualitative methodology, this paper reviews statutory provisions, policy documents, and empirical research findings on diversion and restorative justice in Indonesia. The results reveal that while Indonesia’s legal reforms align with international standards on juvenile justice, significant inconsistencies persist in the practical application of diversion policies. Key barriers include uneven regional implementation, lack of standardized procedures, insufficient training for law enforcement, and societal resistance rooted in a punitive legal culture. The discussion offers a comprehensive analysis of these challenges and suggests strategic pathways to strengthen the restorative justice framework. The paper concludes by recommending policy reforms that incorporate local wisdom, enhance institutional capacity, and promote community involvement to ensure sustainable and effective juvenile justice practices in Indonesia.

One type of economic crime that significantly affects both the integrity of the legal system and the financial viability of a country is money laundering (TPPU). This phenomenon is increasingly complex with advances in financial technology, which makes it easier for criminals to disguise the origins of criminal assets. This study aims to analyze the challenges and strategies for law enforcement against financial technology-based money laundering in Indonesia, using a normative legal approach through a review of applicable laws and regulations, doctrines, and legal policies. The study's findings show that, particularly when it comes to exchanging information and demonstrating the provenance of assets, coordination between law enforcement organizations like the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK), the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Police, and the Prosecutor's Office is still not at its best. Furthermore, Article 2 paragraph (1), Article 3, Article 4, and Article 5 of Law Number 8 of 2010 addressing TPPU have been canceled by the implementation of the new Criminal Code through Law Number 1 of 2023, so that harmonization of norms is needed to avoid a legal vacuum in its implementation. Future law enforcement strategies need to be directed at strengthening regulations that adapt to technology, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officers, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to strengthen reporting and prevention systems. Active public participation in anti-money laundering education is also a crucial element in creating a transparent and equitable legal system in the digital age.

Abstract A major question in politics concerns how the policymaking process shapes political legitimacy. Drawing from the distributive and procedural justice literature, we propose two explanatory factors influencing legitimacy: (1) the distributive policy impact (i.e. the extent to which policy losers show lower support), and (2) the inclusion of organized interests in the decision-making process (i.e. whether their involvement increases the acceptance of a decision outcome). In addition, we advance the existing legitimacy literature by theorizing how individuals, given their core preferences and their evaluation of a policy outcome, value alternative decision scenarios and policy outcomes. We test this framework through a survey experiment on the extent to which individuals support different road transport pricing schemes. Although our results give credit to the winner-loser model, they challenge a utilitarian perspective on legitimacy, as many individuals care about equity principles and the decision-making process, irrespective of specific policy outcomes.

Understanding public feedback across multi-stage emergency manaquerygement policies is critical for enhancing disaster governance efficacy. This study proposes an integrated deep learning framework combining BERTopic topic modeling and SKEP sentiment analysis to quantify public perceptions of government actions during the unprecedented "23.7" Beijing Rainstorm. Leveraging 50,015 social media posts, we systematically analyze policy-related public concerns and emotional responses through the four-stage emergency management lifecycle: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. Key innovations include: 1.BERTopic-SKEP fusion: Overcoming limitations of traditional LDA in short-text processing by integrating semantic embeddings and structured sentiment knowledge; 2.Multi-stage dynamics: Revealing significant disparities in public attention (response/recovery stages > 76% vs. prevention/preparedness < 2.5%) and sentiment polarity (recovery-stage positivity: 78.18%); 3. integration of Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to interpret topic modeling results as structured policy narratives, identifying elements such as characters (e.g., government as hero/planner), plots, and morals, revealing public perceptions of government roles in emergency management. Results demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively captures nuanced public demands while providing actionable insights for optimizing policy legitimacy and operational efficacy.

This study addresses the limitations of state-centric legal systems in responding to increasingly complex social, political, and institutional challenges, which often result in legal policies that are formally valid but substantively unjust. It aims to explain how the systematic integration of governance principles can strengthen the legitimacy, fairness, and effectiveness of legal policymaking. Employing a normative juridical method, the research analyzes legislation, policy documents, jurisprudence, and scholarly works using statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches to examine how transparency, participation, accountability, and the rule of law are embedded in the formulation and implementation of legal policies. The findings show that when governance principles guide lawmaking, legal policy shifts from a unilateral exercise of state authority to a participatory and collaborative process involving multiple actors, thereby enhancing legal certainty, protecting public interests, and promoting social justice. The analysis also reveals that governance based mechanisms such as public consultation, judicial review, independent oversight bodies, and open-data regulations help reduce principal agent problems, curb corruption risks, and align legal outcomes with societal expectations. The study concludes that legal systems are better able to meet societal needs, maintain public trust, and support equitable development when governance principles are consistently institutionalized throughout the policy cycle, from agenda setting and drafting to implementation and evaluation, positioning governance theory as a foundational paradigm for designing responsive, accountable, and sustainable legal frameworks.

Work analogous to slavery in Brazil stems from deep historical inequalities that continue to affect thousands of vulnerable people across different regions of the country. Despite legal advances and protective policies, exploitation persists silently, especially in charcoal production sites and rural areas of Bahia, where oversight faces significant challenges. This study seeks to identify effective ways to combat this inhumane practice, using the hypothetical-deductive method and sources such as articles, books, and blogs. It concludes that strengthening Labor Law, education, public policies, and corporate responsibility is essential to ensuring dignity and true human freedom in contemporary society.

The safety of women remains a persistent matter of concern, which needs to be addressed through legal, social, and technological interventions on priority. The current study examines three exemplary cases: Nirbhaya (2012), Bhanwari Devi (1992), and Ayesha Meera (2007)—all of them being point cases that impacted legal reforms, media coverage, and policy action. Other than this, this review takes into account existing women's safety applications (bSafe, Safetipin, VithU), identifies overall vulnerabilities in safety apps, and introduces an innovative AI-based application, Suraksha, to further ensure women's security. Through the combined endeavours of leveraging technological advancements, legislative changes, and social cooperation, an effective mechanism can be developed for enabling women's security.

There is limited analysis of how governing parties enact industrial relations policy change. This gap is particularly significant in liberal market economies where labour market inequality and employer-oriented regimes prevail, leaving open questions about how worker-protective reforms can be achieved. To address this gap, this article analyses the Australian government’s successful recent implementation of multi-employer bargaining reform. It utilises a systematic process analysis involving 14 interviews with elites involved in the policy process, and documentary analysis to examine how the Australian government gained the necessary support for its reforms. We identify four strategies whereby the governing Labor Party harnessed institutional power to mobilise ideational power: evidence-based persuasion, compromise, strategic use of policy legacies and framing ideas to address broader interests. Drawing upon political science concepts on institutional and ideational interaction, we contribute new insights to industrial relations scholarship on how governing parties utilise power resources to achieve policy change.

Enhancing the Legal Policy Framework for Green Economic Development in Contemporary Vietnam

This study aims to identify the factors that cause parents to refuse Diphtheria Tetanus immunization for children's health at the Talang Bakung Health Center, Jambi City, and analyze the legal strategies implemented by the Jambi City Regional Government in overcoming these rejections. The research method used is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation of related parties such as health workers, parents, and local government officials. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive analytical manner by relating relevant field findings and legal theories. The results of the study showed that immunization refusal by parents was caused by several factors, including concerns about Post-Immunization Adverse Events (AEFIs), lack of understanding of vaccine benefits, the influence of misinformation on social media, and low trust in health workers. Social, cultural, and religious factors also contribute to strengthening resistance to immunization programs. The Jambi City Regional Government implements a persuasive and educational legal strategy by emphasizing increasing public health literacy through integrated socialization, the involvement of religious and community leaders, and the affirmation of legal policies based on Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024. In addition, the Regional Government strengthens legal protection for health workers and regulates the mechanism for handling AEFIs in a transparent manner to foster public trust. This legal strategy has proven effective in reducing immunization refusal rates and increasing community participation, although ongoing efforts are still needed to strengthen legal awareness and overall public health.

The rapid growth of the pre-made dishes (PMD) industry in China has created new opportunities for rural revitalization and food industry modernization. However, food safety concerns remain a critical challenge, manifested in the absence of a unified standard system, incomplete certification mechanisms, flaws in traceability, and weaknesses in regulatory enforcement. This study conducts an empirical investigation of China's central and local legal documents, complemented by case analysis of recent food safety incidents, to identify the systemic gaps in governance of PMDs. Drawing on macro-, meso-, and micro-level perspectives, we propose a governance framework that integrates compulsory and voluntary standards, multi-stakeholder participation, and digital traceability platforms. Comparative insights from the European Union and the United States further highlight how China's regulatory innovations may contribute to the global discourse on ready-to-eat food safety. The findings suggest that legal and regulatory reform, supported by technology-driven solutions, is essential for ensuring consumer trust and sustainable industry development.

Australia and Canada have very similar Medicare systems but regulate medical payments differently. The article shows that this difference is due to the unintended consequences of the strategies the federal governments adopted when they tried, and failed, to centralize policy during critical junctures for healthcare reform in the 1940s. It thus demonstrates that critical junctures that fail to produce policy change in the short term can still produce significant long-term policy legacies.

This study examines the dominance of the Dutch colonial government's legal-political policies over interpretive thinking in Indonesia. This domination produced a relationship between Dutch colonial legal-political policies and interpretive thinking in Indonesia. Legal-political policies, as products of power and of interpretation, are also products of thought situated within the domain of knowledge. Therefore, to critique the relationship between Dutch colonial legal-political policies and Indonesian interpretation, Foucault's power and knowledge framework is used. The relationship is not one of equal bargaining power. Rather, Indonesian interpretation is positioned as the dominated party, socially, politically, legally, and culturally. Therefore, the five interpretations that are the object of the study will be analyzed through postcolonial theory to assess the extent of the relationship between colonial legal politics and Indonesian interpretation. This is a library-based study that uses five commentaries as primary sources, including "Tafsir al-Quran al-Hakim Beserta Tujuan dan Maksudnya" by Ilyas and Abdul Jalil (1920), "Tafsir al-Furqan" by Ahmad Hasan (1928), "Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim" by Abdul Halim, Arifin Abbas, and Abdurrahman Haitami (1930), "Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim" by Mahmud Yunus (1935), and "Tafsir al-Quran" by Zainuddin Hamidy and Fakhruddin (1959). This study is descriptive and analytical in nature, employing a historical approach. The study identifies three important findings, including the concept and construction of Indonesian interpretation, the values of Dutch colonial legal-political policies in Indonesian interpretation, and the implications of Dutch colonial legal-political policies in Indonesian interpretation. This study demonstrates the relationship between the legal policies of the Dutch colonial government and Indonesian interpretation, particularly in interpretations of legal verses in Indonesia.

This study investigates how community participation contributes to public policy innovation through a case study of the People’s School Program and Smart City implementation in Makassar City. Using a qualitative case study approach with 15 key informants, data were collected through interviews, participatory observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically. The findings show that active community involvement not only enhances policy legitimacy but also drives innovations in public service design, including inclusive education initiatives and more efficient technology-based services. The study concludes that participatory governance serves as a key catalyst for developing adaptive, collaborative, and community-oriented policy transformations, offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for local governments in designing sustainable innovative policies.

Abstract Large-scale changes in society are required to achieve policy goals for a transition to a sustainable energy system. Understanding how citizens perceive regional plans for the placement of wind and solar can help policymakers design their policy. Our aim is to examine the perceived legitimacy of the Dutch Regional Energy Strategies (RES), which are regional policy processes to place wind turbines and solar parks. First, we identified important factors that may affect the perceived legitimacy of RES plans, and we tested the effects of the factors in a vignette study among Dutch citizens ( n = 2733). We found that Dutch Citizens, on average, perceive the Dutch RES policy to be closer to legitimate than to illegitimate. We also found that the policy design of concrete plans to implement wind farms or large-scale solar PV installations has a large impact on perceived legitimacy. If policymakers find the perceived legitimacy of local sustainable energy generation to be important, they should consider in their policy design a broad set of legitimacy criteria. This study also shows that our approach is feasible for (ex-ante) policy evaluations, taking into account a broad set of evaluation criteria.

This study analyzes how the Denpasar City government builds community-based environmental policy inclusivity, focusing on public participation mechanisms, implementation challenges, and collaborative strategies. Using a Participatory Action Research approach—through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with eleven key informants, focus group discussions, and policy document analysis—the findings reveal persistent obstacles, including limited cross-sector coordination, restricted public access to deliberative spaces, and a dominant top-down policymaking approach. Nonetheless, community-based collaboration models, strengthened local institutional capacities, and the integration of local wisdom enhance policy legitimacy and effectiveness. The study contributes to participation-based environmental governance theory and offers practical recommendations for developing inclusive, sustainable, and community-responsive environmental policies at the local government level.

Background: This study explores the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies within the South African public procurement system, addressing entrenched challenges such as fragmented processes, limited transparency and operational inefficiencies. Objectives: This study examines how Industry 4.0 technologies can be strategically integrated into the South African public procurement system to enhance efficiency, transparency and accountability. Method: The study followed a qualitative desktop research design which synthesises legal frameworks, policy documents and academic literature to assess how digital innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, big data analytics, and cloud computing, can enable more accountable and efficient procurement practices. Results: Findings indicate that these technologies, when strategically embedded across key supply chain management (SCM) elements, namely demand management, acquisition, sourcing and supplier selection, evaluation and adjudication of bids, contract performance monitoring, and risk management, enhance predictive planning, reduce procedural bottlenecks and reinforce integrity in public procurement. Conclusion: The research demonstrates that digital enablement can reposition procurement from a compliance-driven function to a dynamic governance mechanism responsive to service delivery needs. Contribution: The study recommends the formulation of a national digital procurement strategy, investment in secure and interoperable infrastructure, capacity development for procurement officials, and the piloting of digital platforms in high-expenditure sectors. Managerial implications include the need for institutional agility, cross-functional innovation and leadership commitment to digital transformation. Through the alignment of technological adoption with constitutional values and developmental priorities, public procurement can serve as a strategic lever for inclusive governance and systemic reform.

Indonesia “is experiencing backwardness in the mu’amalat (transactions or dealings) sector of the economic law as it tends to emphasize the usury concept.” This paper aims to reconstruct the Indonesian government’s legal policy on the Sharia ultra micro business funding and its implementation. It was found that Sharia-based funding contains usury that is prohibited in Islam, even though the regulation already contains a clause on Sharia funding that becomes its legal basis. This was a type of qualitative research. It was empirical/sociolegal research that analyzed Sharia ultra micro funding contracts, interview results, and direct observation of ultra micro business actors in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. It used the maqāṣid al-sharīʿa economic theory as a basis, including the principles of usury in books written by Islamic scholars, especially those that regard the mu’amalat contract in transactions and business capital. Research results show that the Indonesian government’s legal policy on the Sharia ultra micro business funding is still not aligned with the maqāṣid al-sharīʿa theory. Thus, there needs to be a reconstruction that is in line with the goal of the Indonesian nation to give maximum benefit to the community. Then, in this paper, the authors offer a legal policy concept on the Sharia ultra micro business funding according to Ibnu ‘Asyur’s perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīʿa that is free from usury.

The development of modern industrialization has created new tensions in the social structure, which have weakened human values and the moral legitimacy of law. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dehumanization in production relations and the crisis of legal consciousness, as well as to identify the sociological roots of the loss of morality in legal practice in the modern industrial era. This research is useful in enriching the study of legal sociology and providing a conceptual basis for strengthening the humanistic approach in legal policy and education. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach, analyzing both classical and contemporary theories, as well as secondary data from books and national and international journals related to industrialization, dehumanization, and the transformation of legal consciousness. The findings reveal that the transition from mechanical to organic solidarity has shifted the orientation of law toward a more instrumental and formalistic character. Consequently, law has lost its moral essence and its function as a social balancer, being replaced by the logic of productivity and efficiency that generates anomie and weakens the fulfillment of humanistic values within production relations. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of rehumanizing the law through ethics-based legal education, strengthening community participation in the formation and implementation of law, and promoting legal policies that balance economic interests with social justice and human dignity. The recommendation is that it is very important to implement the concept of legal rehumanization based on social solidarity as a transformative solution to the crisis of moral legitimacy in law in the modern industrial era.