Legal Name Research Articles

Hormone therapy in transgender adults – guidelines in practice for pathologists

Transgender (trans) people include people with a binary (i.e., male or female) and non-binary identity and are one of the most marginalised groups in our community with a high burden of mental health conditions and suicidality. Due to discrimination, many fear healthcare settings. Acceptance, understanding and gender-affirming care can significantly improve distress and allay fear which is important even within pathology departments. Whilst phlebotomists will need to abide by policies for patient identification, an individual’s preferred name and pronoun should be used in interactions. Legal sex as registered with Medicare may not reflect sex-assigned at birth or inform on use of feminising or masculinising hormone therapy which impacts upon sex-specific reference ranges (i.e., haemoglobin, eGFR). There are also impacts in anatomical pathology reporting such as in providing histology of reproductive organs which may not align with gender markers. In the ideal setting, information including legal name, preferred name, sex-assigned at birth, gender identity and use of feminising or masculinising hormone therapy should be available to allow phlebotomists, pathologists and treating clinicians to provide gender-affirming care and clinically-relevant reports. Moreover, reporting of dual male and female sex-specific reference ranges may be useful for people who have recently commenced gender-affirming hormone therapy or in those using non-standard hormone regimens (i.e., low dose testosterone). Implementation of these changes presents a myriad of information system challenges but also an opportunity to ensure the highest standards of care for the Australian trans community.

Unboxed: Transgender in a Gay Museum?

<i>Unboxed: Transgender in a Gay Museum?</i>

The Form and Function of Nativized Names in Hul'q'umi'num'

A prevalent practice among the speakers of Hul'q'umi'num' in the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries was to create a nickname for a person by nativizing his or her English name. Nativized names show the same sort of accommodation to Hul'q'umi'num' phonology and morphology as seen in other loanwords. Sociolinguistically, the use of nicknames contributed to group cohesion by giving an affectionate way to refer to friends and relatives that was different from the legal name used by outsiders.

Care Deficiencies and Super-Organization of American Nursing Homes in Hospital Referral Region.

Super-organization has been associated with worse care quality in nursing homes. Previous research on the chain ownership of American nursing homes excluded government facilities in public-private partnerships, and focused on corporate entities. This longitudinal study proposes a novel method of demarcating the latent ownership networks of for-profit, government and non-profit nursing homes in the United States through use of open data and social network analysis. Facility characteristics and care quality measures were analyzed from an ecological cohort of 9,001 American nursing homes that had a registered organization for owner, and were reimbursed through Medicare or Medicaid. Information was obtained from the Nursing Home Compare open datasets at five semi-annual processing dates from March 2016 to March 2018. Ownership networks of American nursing homes were constructed using the exact legal name of registered organizations. As hospital discharge is a routine admission source of nursing home residents, hospital referral region was actualized to demarcate focal area. Utilizing Bayesian hierarchical models, the association between nursing home super-organization in hospital referral region (inferred by degree-based centrality and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) to scope of cited care deficiencies (denoted by Total Weighted Health Survey Score) was explored. The percentage of nursing homes having super-organization increased from 56.8 to 56.9% over the 2-year period. During this interval, the mean size of nursing home ownership group in hospital referral region increased from 3.11 to 3.23 facilities. Overall, super-organization in hospital referral region was not associated with care deficiencies in American nursing homes. However, being part of an ownership group with more facilities was beneficial for care quality among nursing homes with super-organization.

Network detection of malicious domain name based on adversary model

With the rapid development of the Internet, threats from the network security are emerging one after another. Driven by economic interests, attackers use malicious domain names to promote the development of botnets and phishing sites, which leads to serious information leakage of victims and devices, the proliferation of DDoS attacks and the rapid spread of viruses. Based on the above background, the purpose of this paper is to study the network detection of malicious domain name based on the adversary model. Firstly, this paper studies the generation mechanism of DGA domain name based on PCFG model, and studies the characteristics of the domain name generated by such DGA. The research shows that the domain name generated by PCFG model is usually based on the legal domain name, so the character statistical characteristics of the domain name are similar to the legal domain name. Moreover, the same PCFG model can often generate multiple types of domain names, so it is difficult to extract appropriate features manually. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall and accuracy of the performance parameters of the classifier are over 95%. By using the open domain name data set, comparing the linear calculation edit distance method and the detection effect under different thresholds, it is proved that the proposed method can improve the detection speed of misplanted domain names under the condition of similar accuracy.

“That Name Is Dead to Me”: Reforming Name Change Laws to Protect Transgender and Nonbinary Youth

Content warning: this Article discusses suicidality. For transgender and some nonbinary youth, living under a chosen name is a first step toward becoming their authentic selves. For these youth, a name change is powerful; it allows them to choose a name that matches their gender identity. They consider their birth name to be a distressing “dead” name—one that they cannot relate to and need to bury. Using one’s chosen name decreases suicidality among transgender youth who face many challenges, including family rejection and other severe mental health stressors. Transgender and nonbinary youth can only require others to use their chosen names after obtaining a legal name change. But only two states in the nation currently allow minors to change their name legally without their parents’ consent and active assistance. Parental consent requirements are problematic because youth whose parents do not support their gender identity must wait, exposed to harm and distress. Thus, we deny them this first step towards correcting their gender and the accompanying mental health relief—delaying youth who have otherwise transitioned years before adulthood. In the meantime, with identification cards that do not match their gender identity, transgender and nonbinary youth are at risk of discrimination and other harm. They may drop out of school and avoid seeking employment for fear of bias and rejection. Our laws must change to protect our transgender and nonbinary youth by allowing them to change their legal name independently. Their mental health and well-being depend on these crucial reforms.

Economic value added as a comprehensive indicator of the company's performance

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the business entity has always had an important applied value, both for current activities and for the future of the company. The purpose of this study is to consider the indicator of economic value added as an integrated indicator of the evaluation of the company’s performance. The object of the study is the economic activity of the business entity. The subject of the study is value added as a comprehensive indicator of evaluating the effectiveness of economic activity. The result of the study is to consider the theoretical aspects of assessing the economic value added and assessing the economic value added of the real enterprise, as a comprehensive indicator of assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise. To implement the purpose of the study, the data of the economic entity, which has the status of a state unitary enterprise of regional importance was used. Since the main purpose of the study is to evaluate the economic value added, as a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of activities, the legal name of the enterprise, respectively, the legal status is hidden, which does not affect the implementation of the goals and objectives of this study. At the same time, the study is of an applied nature, the main task of which is to popularize the method of assessing economic value added, as well as the use of types of the cost of the enterprise to assess the effectiveness of the activities of the economic entity, which is objective and quantitatively measurable.

The contract of the management of apartment building as a legal fact and a binding legal relationship

The article focuses on the important role of the contract as a regulator of relations for the management of an apartment building.It is established that the value of the contract of the management of apartment building as a transaction is that its conclusion by a singlewill of the parties, first, indicates the onset of legal consequences in the form of a simultaneous legal relationship between its parties,and secondly, expresses the focus of joint action of the parties to achieve the desired results and, as a consequence, giving the partiesto the contract mutual rights and obligations in the field of apartment building management.During considering the concept of the contract of the management of apartment building, we should not only proceed from itslegal nature, which reveals the essence of the contract as a legal fact that generates certain legal consequences, but also take into accountits essence as an obligation due to the conclusion of this contract. Accordingly, the specifics of the subject of legal relations from thecontract of management of an apartment building is primarily that one of the parties to the contract is a specialized subject of civil law –an individual-entrepreneur or legal entity-entrepreneur, which under the agreement with co-owners provides proper maintenance andrepair of common property of an apartment building and adjacent territory and proper living conditions and household needs.In the context of the study of the contract of the management of apartment building regarding the object of obligatory legal relationsmediated by it, it is established in view of its legal name that its object is apartment building management services. The subjectof the contract of the management of apartment building is proposed to be understood as a set of legal and factual actions that shouldbe taken to achieve the purpose of the contract. It follows that the subject of the contract under study is the activities of the manager toprovide services for the management of an apartment building (or in general – the management of an apartment building); in this case,the apartment building, including indoor premises and adjacent territory, should be perceived as a material object of the contract understudy and the subject composition.Separately within the limits of the article the basic characteristic features of the contract of management of the apartment houseare allocated, among which: 1) civil-law nature of relations on management of the apartment building; 2) the specificity of the subjectcomposition of the contract; 3) the dual legal and material nature of the object of binding legal relations; 4) a special subject of the stu -died contract.

Social Determinants of Discrimination and Access to Health Care Among Transgender Women in Oregon

Purpose: Transgender women in the United States experience health disparities and limited access to gender-affirming health services. This study describes the social determinants of health that shape access to health services for transgender women in Oregon, a state with a high tally of gender-affirming policies.Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with 25 transgender women between 18 and 39 years of age. Interviews explored the social, economic, cultural, and legal factors that shape access to health. A Qualtrics survey captured sociodemographic characteristics. We identified facilitators and barriers to accessing gender-affirming services using thematic analysis of qualitative data.Results: Our participants perceived gender-affirming health services in Oregon to be relatively trans-friendly, compared to other parts of the United States. This perception drew several transgender women in our sample to migrate to Oregon from other “more conservative” states. Facilitators included ease with legal name change (60% had completed), inclusiveness of hormone therapy in the Oregon Health Plan, and availability of informed consent hormone therapy. However, for our participants, economic and social discrimination were major limiting factors to accessing and navigating health services. Social factors exacerbated difficulties navigating and understanding health systems to achieve coverage; 20% had insurance that did not cover hormone therapy. Specialized surgeons were located in urban/suburban centers; electrolysis coverage was limited; and 10% had gender-affirming surgery.Conclusion: This study indicates that services are necessary to assist with navigating access to gender-affirming health care, even in affirming policy contexts like Oregon.

Negotiating Transgender Identity Amidst Increasing Cases of Discrimination in Donald Trump’s Presidency

In contemporary society, transgender become a controversial issue since people consider the attitude violates binary gender. As transgender organization to obtain equal rights grew larger, discriminations against transgender ironically grew larger. This research aims at investigating factors which trigger the rise of discrimination cases against transgender in Donald Trump’s presidency. It also analyzes efforts of transgender people to negotiate their identity in the midst of discrimination. This research employs descriptive qualitative method with the source of data are taken from U.S online newspaper, The New York Times from 2017 to 2020 throughout Trump’s presidency. The study reports that the increasing cases of discrimination against transgender are perpetuated by Trump’s anti-LGBT policies, racist and sexist attitude, religious Christian belief. In addition, transgender have ways to negotiate public discrimination by concealing gender identity and modifying gender expression such as by changing legal name, pronoun, clothing, voice, and mannerism.

Cirurgia de feminização facial em transexuais: reflexões éticas e forenses

Resumo Cirurgias de feminização facial, que visam tornar o rosto de mulheres transexuais mais feminino, alteram tecidos moles e duros. Tais procedimentos envolvem inúmeros aspectos éticos, desde a cobertura por planos de saúde e serviço público até o direito à mudança de nome. Há também consequências forenses, no que diz respeito à eventual necessidade de identificar pessoas submetidas a esse tipo de cirurgia. Essas consequências, embora importantes, são pouco consideradas em estudos científicos. Com isso, neste trabalho são analisados alguns aspectos éticos e forenses decorrentes de cirurgias de feminização facial.

Legal gender marker and name change is associated with lower negative emotional response to gender-based mistreatment and improve mental health outcomes among trans populations.

BackgroundIn recent years, Massachusetts (MA) and Rhode Island (RI) joined a growing list of states allowing residents to easily change the gender marker and name on government-identification (ID) documents. This was an important change for transgender and gender diverse (trans) residents, who face frequent mistreatment and thus for whom legal gender affirmation is critical. Little is known about associations between legal gender affirmation and psychological outcomes.MethodsWe examined associations between legal gender affirmation (i.e., having changed gender marker/name on neither, one, or both a passport and state ID), upsetting responses to gender-based mistreatment, and mental health outcomes in a sample of trans MA and RI residents. Analyses controlled for gender identity, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, income, and insurance status.FindingsLegal gender affirmation was significantly associated with lower reports of depression, anxiety, somatization, global psychiatric distress, and upsetting responses to gender-based mistreatment.ConclusionsThese data provide corroborate recent studies suggesting having pursued legal gender affirmation may be protective. Findings bolster calls to increase structural support for trans individuals, including enactment of state policies easing legal gender affirmation.

Correction to: Hermeneutic Inquiry for Digital Games Research

Since the publication of this article [Tanenbaum J. Hermeneutic Inquiry for Digital Games Research, Comput Game J (2015) 4:59 -80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40869-015-0005-9, the author Joshua Tanenbaum has now become known by the new legal name Theresa Jean Tanenbaum.

An Experimental Vignette Study of School Psychology Students’ Attitudes Toward Transgender Youth

This study used an experimental vignette design to examine whether school psychology students’ attitudes toward a teenager in a case vignette varied based on whether or not they believed the teen to be transgender. Transgender status was conveyed indirectly through names (e.g., by indicating that the student with the legal name “Anthony” had requested to be called “Alyssa”). It also examined whether attitudes toward transgender boys and transgender girls differed, and the degree to which transgender-related training and experience affected attitudes. A 2 (Gender Status: cisgender vs. transgender) × 2 (Gender Identity: male vs. female) ANOVA indicated that participants had more supportive attitudes toward a transgender teen experiencing issues in school related to a name change and a behavior concern than toward a cisgender teen with the same issues, F(1, 421) = 121.59, p < .001. Gender Status and Gender Identity significantly interacted to affect attitudes, F(1, 417) = 10.83, p = .001. A test of simple effects indicated that participants were more supportive of transgender girls than transgender boys, p = < .001. However, participants’ attitudes regarding cisgender boys versus girls did not differ significantly. Having had training about transgender issues, professional experiences with transgender individuals, or personal experience with transgender individuals correlated significantly with attitudes. School psychology programs are advised to add required training in this area and to focus on increasing supportive attitudes toward transgender boys in particular.

Отношения по фактическому воспитанию ребенка: историко-правовой экскурс (советский период)

The current article deals with historical and legal study of those legislative ideas that became the basis for introducing relations on the actual upbringing of a minor through the sphere of family law regulation. Using historical methodology, legal monuments of Soviet period – RSFSR KZAGS of 1918, CoMF of RSFSR of 1926, and RSFSR CoMF of 1969 are analyzed. In the context of the political and socio-economic development of society in this historical period, the author examines the legislative motives that led to the introduction of the relationship between the actual teacher and the pupil in the sphere of alimony for persons belonging to other family members. Analyzing specific historical, social, scientific and legal reality which there was a actual phenomenon of education in, the authors know the logic of legal thinking of the legislator who asked for the relationship of child-rearing, do not have an explicit legal basis, legal name in the form refer to it through the design of the actual education and as to the education of his family.

Gendered Power: Educated Women of the Meiji Empress' Court by Mamiko C. Suzuki

Reviewed by: Gendered Power: Educated Women of the Meiji Empress' Court by Mamiko C. Suzuki Elizabeth D. Lublin Gendered Power: Educated Women of the Meiji Empress' Court. By Mamiko C. Suzuki. University of Michigan Press, 2019. 158 pages. Hardcover, $65.00; softcover, $19.95. In the nearly four decades since the publication of Sharon L. Sievers's seminal Flowers in Salt: The Beginnings of Feminist Consciousness in Modern Japan (Stanford University Press, 1983), scholarship on women in the Meiji period has flourished, to the point that putting together a syllabus or even a qualifying exam reading list for a doctoral field on gender in modern Japan requires hard choices about what to leave out. A significant focus of that research has been on the vibrant debate about "proper" gender roles and education, femininity and the ideal woman, women's rights, and women's contributions to the making of the modern nation-state. This discussion had its origins in the Western claim that the status of women reflected a country's level of civilization and enlightenment and in consequent early Meiji government directives that aimed to address criticism of the place of women in Japanese society. Mandating compulsory elementary education for girls as well as boys and banning human trafficking were among those initial policies. Flaws in their implementation, though, showcased the lack of a clear official blueprint for what to do with women and helped open the floodgates to a very public debate on the subject, one that continued throughout the Meiji period and included men as well as women, traditionalists as well as progressives, and private individuals as well as government officials. Gendered Power enhances understanding of that debate through an examination of the lives, words, and activities of three women who were involved, namely, Empress Haruko, Nakajima Shōen, and Shimoda Utako. More specifically, it explores the sources of social, cultural, and political power that these women enjoyed; their thoughts on the kind of modern education that Japanese women needed and the roles [End Page 377] that women could and should assume to best contribute to national progress; their efforts to promote such; and the consequences of those thoughts, those actions, and the identities that they adopted for themselves in public and private. As Mamiko C. Suzuki contends, the shifting Meiji landscape on gender roles both provided women with opportunities and imposed limitations, and examining the ways in which Haruko, Shōen, and Utako responded sheds light on the "paradoxes of Meiji womanhood" (p. 2). One key contradiction stemmed from the fact that, while these three worked to establish modern norms for female behavior, they themselves often challenged that vision of ideal womanhood with their life choices and actions. Moreover, although they exercised a marked degree of influence in helping to mold a modern identity and standards of education for women, that identity and those standards had a traditional side that circumscribed the ways in which women could participate in the development of the nation. As a result, the three's own empowerment contributed to the subjugation of their less privileged sisters. These and other paradoxes complicate Meiji feminist history, and Suzuki's work adds important nuances to that narrative. The work also covers new ground with the choice of its main subjects. Of the three, non-Japanese readers will be most familiar with Nakajima, more likely better known by her legal name Kishida Toshiko than by the pen name Shōen because her participation under the former in the Movement for Freedom and People's Rights has attracted significant scholarly interest in English. Opting to go beyond that same territory, Suzuki delves as well into the less-mined diaries and classical Chinese poetry (kanshi) that Shōen wrote later in life. Utako has received less attention than Shōen, and that paid to the empress is scant outside of Japanese scholarship. The differences in their presence in historical scholarship aside, the three shared key experiences and connections, and those commonalities provide Suzuki's work with another layer of conceptual coherence. Most importantly, all had ties with the imperial institution, and all had received an education that steeped them in the Chinese classics (kanbun) and classical Chinese poetry...

A Novel Method for Identifying Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients with Lymphoma: A Single Center Experience

Background: 0.6% of the population is transgender or gender diverse (TGD) and have a gender that differs from their sex assigned at birth (Flores et al., Williams Institute, 2016). TGD people face mistreatment and discrimination, and represent a vulnerable population which is understudied and not well-captured in large cohorts (James et al., National Center for Transgender Equality, 2015). Thus, little is known regarding their cancer risks, prevalence, and outcomes, particularly in the realm of hematologic malignancies. Efforts to study malignancy prevalence in TGD populations are of utmost importance to improve patient care. Limited data suggests TGD patients have higher rates of certain cancers, including lymphoma, compared to other patients, but require validation (Braun et al., Epidemiol Rev, 2017). To accomplish this goal, we sought to design and implement a reproducible data collection strategy to identify TGD patients within a cohort of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders at the Wilmot Cancer Center. Methods: We reviewed the charts of 2200 unselected, consecutive patients with any lymphoproliferative disorder from a single-center, regionally representative, database at the University of Rochester. Our algorithm included searching the following variables for suggestion of TGD identity: demographics, preferred name/alias, medications, problem list, medical/surgical history, social history, an electronic medical record (EMR) lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) tab, and karyotype data if available. Additionally, we searched each chart for the following terms: "transgender," "trans," "transsexual," "gender," "genderqueer," "non-binary," "non-conforming," "male to female," "MTF," "female to male," "FTM," "male," and "female" to identify TGD patients. Data on diagnosis, treatment, and more detailed demographics were collected for patients identified as TGD. We report descriptive analyses of our results. Results: Three transgender patients with lymphoproliferative disorders were identified, comprising 0.1% of the database (95% CI 0%, 0.4%). All were white, transgender women with diagnoses of follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and atypical angiotrophic t-cell infiltrate concerning for lymphomatoid papulosis. All three were identified by medication history and searches for the terms "female" and "transgender" as well as aliases differing from legal name. Conclusions: More oncologic research must be done to explore the prevalence of specific malignancies in TGD populations. Such research is limited by inconsistent documentation of gender identity in EMRs resulting in lack of basic epidemiologic data on TGD people with cancer. Our chart review successfully identified three transgender patients. Among the methods used, medication histories, discrepancies between legal name and alias, and searches for the words "transgender" and "female" provided the most fruitful results. We expected diagnoses related to transgender identity, documentation of transgender identity, and the LGBT tab to yield significant results. However, these were low-yield sources in our study. Our inability to identify a percentage of TGD patients similar to prior data was likely multifactorial: 1) TGD patients may not want their gender identities known to oncologists and may not share related information; 2) oncologists may not ask about gender identity or related histories; and/or 3) TGD patients may seek care at outside institutions. Alternatively, the prevalence of lymphoma may be low in TGD populations, conflicting with prior data. Further research regarding TGD patients with hematologic malignancies necessitates specific collection of gender identity data within the EMR and large datasets such as the cooperative groups. More research is needed regarding the optimum questions regarding gender identity which will yield accurate data and maintain strong relationships between patients and providers. Disclosures Casulo: Celgene: Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses; Roche: Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses.

A Rosenberg by Any Other Name: A History of Jewish Name Change in America

A Rosenberg by Any Other Name: A History of Jewish Name Change in America

A Multi-match Approach to the Author Uncertainty Problem

A Multi-match Approach to the Author Uncertainty Problem

Not Just a Name: The Moderating Effect of Online Identity on Herding

This research examines the role of perceived anonymity in shaping herding behavior in crowdfunding markets. Drawing on theories from social psychology literature, we argue that a lender forms different credibility perceptions toward preceding peers based on their perceived anonymity state; she then uses such perceptions to adjust her herding momentum toward them. Using a unique data set collected from a leading debt-based crowdfunding platform, we classify individuals’ usernames as either anonymous or real-seeming, with the latter referring to a username that seems to reveal one’s legal name. The results show that successors demonstrate weaker herding momentum toward predecessors who are presented with real-seeming usernames than anonymous ones. This finding, which we attribute to a lower extent of perceived credibility derives from a non-conforming behavior, challenges the conventional wisdom that considers anonymity a negative factor for source credibility. We further show that the uncovered positive effect of perceived anonymity on herding is accentuated in the early stage of the fundraising period; nevertheless, we find no such discrepancies between listings that are assigned with high-risk and low-risk credit grades. Our study contributes to the literatures dealing with anonymity and herding in online environments.