Left Hook Research Articles

Multifractal analysis on spatial variability of soil particles and nutrients of Benggang in granite hilly region, China

Benggang erosion is a large-scale, rapidly developing phenomenon that commonly occurs in the granite hilly region of southern China and severely endangers local land resources and the ecological environment. A developing Benggang in southeast China was selected to explore the non-uniformity of soil particle size distribution (PSD) and the nutrient heterogeneity during Benggang erosion using multifractal theory. The results showed significant differences in the soil particle composition and nutrient components of different parts of Benggang. The generalized dimension spectra exhibited an inverse “S” decreasing pattern and the singularity spectra showed a left hook shape, indicating that the soil PSD of Benggang features high non-uniformity and can be described by the multifractal theory. The information dimension (D1) and the correlation dimension (D2) were high in the uppercatchment, the lowerportion ofthe collapsingwall, and the top ofthe alluvialfan. D1, D2, and the spectral width (Δα) were negatively correlated with clay and silt content but positively correlated with sand content. In contrast, D1–D2 and the degree of symmetry (Δf) showed opposite relationships. The multifractal singularity indexes α0 and Δα were significantly negatively correlated with soil organic matter but positively correlated with bulk density; opposite correlations were observed for Δf. The findings revealed that the multifractal theory can quantitatively characterize the characteristics of soil PSD and laterally reflect soil nutrient loss. This research introduces a scientific method for quantitatively describing the heterogeneity of soil PSD during Benggang development. In addition, it also provides a theoretical basis for controlling Benggang erosion to protect the environment of the southern granite region.

Large Partial-Thickness Tear of the Subscapularis Tendon

A 27-year-old active-duty male sailor directly accessed physical therapy for deep left anterior shoulder pain. The patient sustained his injury the previous day, when he threw a left hook into the body of his sparring partner, creating a sudden high-energy external rotation force. Based on the patient's complaint, mechanism of injury, and internal rotation weakness, the examining physical therapist ordered magnetic resonance imaging. The images revealed a large partial tear, with retraction of the subscapularis tendon at the lesser tuberosity, a labral tear, and an intratendon biceps tendon tear with subluxation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(12):983. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8221.

Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter lesions with cognitive impairment

Objective To explore abnormal microstructural changes of white matter in patients with white matter lesions using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), and to determine the association of such abnormalities of DTI parameters with cognitive function. Methods The objects who have already confirmed with WML were collected from March 2012 to February 2018 through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan from the neurology department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Use The hamilton depression scale(HAMD) and the hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) to eliminate anxiety and depression, and divided into WML-CN group, WML-VCIND group and WML-VAD group with Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)and clinical dementia rating(CDR). In addition, select the healthy elderly people without WML by MRI scan as the normal control group.All of the subjects were detected with the superconduct magnetic resonance imaging system (German SIEMENS 3.0T ) for the DTI scanning.Original images were processed with VBA.Then explore the changes of FA and MD of DTI in whole brain and regions of interest in NC group, WML-CN group, WML-VCIND group and WWML-VAD group, and its correlation with the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with WML. Results The damage degree of the fiber microstructure of brain white matter was significantly correlated with the total grade point of MoCA (P<0.01). In figure FA, the variance analysis of F test results showed that the significant brain areas were the splenium of the corpus callosum, the genu of corpus callosum, bilateral posterior internal capsule, retrolenticular part of internal capsule, anterior thalamic radiation, partial inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulate, external capsule, upper and posterior part of the radiation crowns, partial superior longitudinal fasciculus, etc.(P<0.05 after FWE correction based on TFCE method). In Figure MD, the variance analysis of F test results showed that the statistically significant brain areas mainly included the left external capsule and hook, partial genu and splenium of corpus callosum, Bilateral, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, retrolenticular part of internal capsule, cingulate, etc (P<0.05 after FWE correction based on TFCE). Conclusion No matter whether cognitive impairment exists in patient with WML or not, all DTI parameters are different from those of normal people.The integrity of white matter fiber has been damaged with different degrees.The more severe the cognitive impairment in the external manifestations of patients with WML, the greater the damage to the intrinsic white matter microstructure. Key words: White matter lesions; Cognitive impairment; Diffusion tensor imaging; White matter fiber

Bathyconchoecilla, a new genus of deep plankto-benthic halocyprids (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) from the northern Pacific and an overview of Bathyconchoeciinae

Abstract Plankto-benthic ostracods of the subfamily Bathyconchoeciinae constitute an extremely heterogeneous group of species, as well in body size, as well as in the shape and structure of carapace and limbs. At present, their fauna contains 35 known (described) species, belonging to four genera. Besides that, about 50 species with still open nomenclature were noted in the literature and have been found in material from our collections. A preliminary morphological analysis of the bathyconchoeciines allowed, in addition, to single out 13 species complexes (= putative genera). One of these genera is described herein as Bathyconchoecilla gen. nov., from the deep-sea zone of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. The new genus differs from other genera in this subfamily by the shape and sculpture of the carapace, the location of the left hook on the second antenna in the male, and the structure of the coxale and basale of the mandible and the endites of the maxilla.

Europeans shine in weather forecasting

The US global model lags the performance of two European competitors in predicting weather up to two weeks ahead.

Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib: A left hook and a right punch

Bortezomib (a.k.a. as velcade or PS-341) is used in the clinic to treat multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (Dou and Zonder, 2014). In addition to the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, the effectiveness of the bortezomib depends largely on the difference in drug sensitivity of the target (cancer) cells compared with other cells in the body. For bortezomib this is particularly relevant as it targets a protein complex that is essential for life in all cells. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to understand why different cells show different levels of sensitivity to this drug. The work presented in this issue of EBioMedicine by Pitcher et al. (2015--in this issue), provides a new and intriguing explanation for the exquisite sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to bortezomib.

A preliminarily study for predicting body weight and milk properties in lactating Holstein cows using a three-dimensional camera system

Since manual body condition scoring has been widely utilized as an indirect and subjective method to estimate energy reserves of dairy cattle, image analysis has been increasingly researched for use on large farms as an objective and effective measuring instrument for the estimation of body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW). Recent advances in the technological development of the three-dimensional (3D) cameras may provide innovative feed management tools for dairy farms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 3D camera systems in measuring the back posture of lactating Holstein dairy cows to predict the BCS, BW, milk yield (MY), milk fat (MF) and milk protein (MP). The BCSs for eight cows were recorded by two trained observers using a 5-point scale, and other variables were obtained using an automatic milking system during the lactation. Back posture measurements of dairy cows were conducted using the ASUS Xtion Pro sensor. Six geodesic line (GL) lengths were computed using the 3D objects of each cow based on the positions of the right and left hook bones (GLhh), right and left thurl bones (GLtt), right and left pin bones (GLpp), hook and thurl bones (GLht), hook and pin bones (GLhp), and coccygeal ligament (GLcl). In the principal component analysis (PCA), GL, GLpp, and GLcl had the greatest contribution to principal component values (PCV) 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and these three PCVs described 0.887 of the cumulative contribution ratio. Good correlations were found between the observed and predicted values of BCS (R2=0.74), BW (0.80), MY (0.62), MF (0.62), and MP (0.53) based on linear regression equations using the GLs as explanatory variables and parity (1, 2, and >3) as a fixed effect. These results demonstrate that the 3D cameras could represent an innovative tool for estimating body condition and milk properties.

The Role of Satellite Data in the Forecasting of Hurricane Sandy

Abstract The excellent forecasts made by ECMWF predicting the devastating landfall of Hurricane Sandy attracted a great deal of publicity and praise in the immediate aftermath of the event. The almost unprecedented and sudden “left hook” of the storm toward the coast of New Jersey was attributed to interactions with the large-scale atmospheric flow. This led to speculation that satellite observations may play an important role in the successful forecasting of this event. To investigate the role of satellite data a number of experiments have been performed at ECMWF where different satellite observations are deliberately withheld and forecasts of the hurricane rerun. Without observations from geostationary satellites the correct landfall of the storm is still reasonably well predicted albeit with a slight timing shift compared to the control forecast. On the other hand, without polar-orbiting satellites (which represent 90% of the volume of currently ingested observations) the ECMWF system would have given no useful guidance 4–5 days ahead that the storm would make landfall on the New Jersey coast. Instead the hurricane is predicted to stay well offshore in the Atlantic and hit the Maine coast 24 h later. If background errors estimated from the ECMWF Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) are allowed to evolve and adapt to the depleted observing system, then some of the performance loss suffered by withholding polar satellite data can be recovered. The use of the appropriate EDA errors results in a more enhanced use of geostationary satellite observations, which partly compensates for the loss of polar satellite data.

Table of Contents

Abstract Board Hears Opposing Views on Proposed Changes to Election Procedures From the Editor A Left Hook From the DOL and a Right Uppercut From the NLRB Campaign Workshop A Rare Employer‐Friendly NLRB Decision Lawfully Enlisting the Aid of Pro‐Company Employees A Reminder to Avoid Overly Broad No‐Solicitation Rules Protected Activity Employee's Facebook Posting Not Protected Union Prevention Company Ordered to Recognize Union, Restore Pay and Benefits Peer Review Important to Employees Fundamentals of Staying Union‐Free Don't Change: Communication

A Left‐Handed Solution to Peptide Inhibition of the p53–MDM2 Interaction

Throwing tumors a left hook punch: The oncoprotein MDM2 negatively regulates the activity and stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53, and is an important molecular target for anticancer therapy. Mirror image phage display identifies a high-affinity D-peptide ligand of MDM2 that can be developed into a potent and protease-resistant p53 activator with potential antitumor activity.

David or Goliath? The Israel Lobby and Its Critics

Although neither John Mearsheimer nor Stephen Walt speaks much Gaelic, they touched off academic equivalent of an Irish bar brawl in March 2006 by publishing a hard-hitting critique of American relations with Israel in London Review of Books. In The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, book-length version of that earlier essay, authors pull no punches in recounting what they regard as increasingly baleful influence of the Israel on recent U.S. foreign policy. Mearsheimer and Walt's bid for a knockout rests on two right uppercuts and a left hook that they summarize as follows: the United States provides Israel with extraordinary diplomatic and military support, lobby is principal reason for that support, and this uncritical and unconditional relationship is not in Amer ican national interest (p. 14). Drawing on a broad range of memoirs, news papers, and on-line sources detailed in more than 100 pages of footnotes, authors make a strong showing in this fifteen-round main event. Most scholars will readily agree that during six decades since Harry Truman extended recognition to newly established Jewish state, Amer ica has developed a special if not extraordinary relationship with Israel. Mearsheimer and Walt begin by reminding readers that since May 1948, United States has provided Israel with more than $150 billion in economic aid, with state-of-the-art military hardware (including tanks, jet fighters, and surface-to-air missiles), and with diplomatic support at United Nations and elsewhere. In theory, American rationale for serving as Jewish state's great benefactor seemed compelling. A well-armed Israel could be a stra tegic asset during Cold War by helping to prevent Soviet domination of Middle East, while a democratic Israel built by survivors of Holocaust

Cervicothoracic postarachnoiditic hydrosyringomyelia secondary to pedicular hook dislocation: case report

Background Pedicular hook dislocation is a rare complication of spinal instrumentation. We report on the first case of hydrosyringomyelia secondary to intracanalar hook displacement after scoliosis surgery. Case Description A 15-year-old girl presented to our institution with a 7-month history of persistent neck and occipital pain as well as numbness of the lower extremities and previous dorsolumbar instrumentation with dorsal pedicular hooks and lumbar screws. Magnetic resonance imaging showed intramedullary cystic cavity from C5 to T7, isointense to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on T1- and T2-weighted images. Computed tomographic scan showed intracanalar displacement of the left hook. On admission, the patient presented with mild weakness of the lower extremities, hypalgesia below the level of T4, and urinary disturbance. The patient underwent surgical hook removal, T4 laminectomy, and midline dural opening: the arachnoid membrane was found to be thick and adhered to the dura and dorsolateral spinal cord. The arachnoid scarring was dissected, and the cord was untethered. A small posterior-median myelotomy was performed, and a syringosubarachnoid catheter was placed into the subarachnoid space to restore CSF flow. Conclusions Late intracanalar displacement of spinal devices is an event that may complicate spinal instrumentation for scoliosis. This case highlights the importance of correct spinal device positioning and that of careful follow-up after instrumentation to detect complications early. We also discuss the pathogenetic pathway of the postarachnoiditic syringomyelia in this case.

The Turkey Hunter

14 Matt O’Donnell Do not provoke the man with the gun on the edge of your land, I know is an easily remembered rule for living. And there I hollered from the doorstep, clodded down the cold dirt driveway in oversized rubber boots and boxer shorts. While up into the yard charged a large man in camouflage, with his blatant gun over his shoulder, beard flaming from his chin like a burning bush in a hot wind rushing toward me and I’m not afraid to say I was scared as hell and might well have backpedaled like a tiny Larry Bird in the scopes of those red eyes as he fired Fuck you and You want a fucking problem? at my gaping bed head. Well, you got a fucking problem now. The cloud of his voice billowed over me with the violent conclusion that I hadn’t handled this in the best way. I recalled with perfect practical hindsight, “nothing good will ever grow from feuds,” and wondered what might be reaped from this imprudence. In the poem I’d been reading, two men carried a grudge to wretched ends, innards steamed in piles on the ground, an appalling fire consumed everything. Oh, god, would it be my dog heaped on the front lawn? Or merely a messy mass of guinea fowl? I could take the end of the hens, might even drop it all right there. Or, maybe it’s me, lit up in neighborly effigy from the hot barrel of a shotgun this morning, or on Thursday while taking out the trash, Alesia waking to my foolish guts dribbled across the kitchen floor. The Turkey Hunter Things shifted into higher gear despite me. Or on account of me. Why not be honest? —Sydney Lea, “The Feud” 15 I say, I don’t want any problems with anyone, and might have continued with good luck or happy hunting, headed back up to the house, behind the glare of the window, where I might have stayed in the first place with my mug, merely contemplating the sun. But, instead, How about playing guns somewhere other than my driveway? pitied myself such a waste of irony, felt it like a trickle down my leg. He lets off again, You want a problem? Step into the road and I’ll give you one. I do. I cross into the road to answer his call, not now unlike a strutting tom, think back to my last brawl, fourth grade, that I’d done well jumping Matt Bolduc from behind off a tall school desk, wished Sister Alma was here for this ambush, too, my punishment looming greater this time than missed recess to scrawl chalk lines on the board, “I will fight the Devil.” Despite a Super Dad T-shirt, I don’t strike an imposing figure in my underwear, which is something like what I’m sure my neighbor was thinking. That and, “I have a gun.” “Good fences make good neighbors,” of course, but remembering so much goddamned poetry wasn’t helping me here, like a handful of good-sized rocks would, or longer arms. Look, I’m not against hunting. I’m just uncomfortable with people shouldering shotguns in my yard, you see? I stood my ground. You fucking liberals move in here— I didn’t see his left hook coming and, back on my heels, dumbly wondered when he’d read our bumper stickers, what pithy slogans had to do with this turkey hunt, wondered if it was good or bad that this armed man hated me for deeper, unspoken offenses and not just the morning’s trespass. His warning widened my stance, and in my righteous muck boots, I wished for the innocence of toilet paper in the trees, a flaming bag of shit against the front door, the mailbox deposted from the shotgun seat of a pickup to score our philosophical differences— Jesus Christ. I only have three days for these birds and every time I turn around, someone’s shouting bloody murder at me. Matt O’Donnell 16 Ecotone: reimagining place 16 His face dropped its beard so that it looked almost soft, and...

Bones

A boxer's offense is designed to create openings in the opponent's defense and to land blows to the vulnerable points of the head and body from the waist up. Power originates as she pushes off from her feet; its degree depends upon her ability to link the muscles of the legs, the back, the shoulders, and the arms into a chain of force. A boxer's attack consists of such basic blows as left jab, right cross, left hook, and uppercut.

The New American Way of War

THE AMERICAN WAY OF WAR. That phrase-popularized by the military historian Russell Weigley in his 1973 book-has come to refer to a grinding strategy of attrition: the strategy employed by Ulysses S. Grant to destroy Robert E. Lee's army in 1864-65, by John J. Pershing to wear down the German army in 1918, and by the U.S. Army Air Force to pulverize all the major cities of Germany and Japan in 1944-45. In this view, the Civil War, World War I, and World War II were won not by tactical or strategic brilliance but by the sheer weight of numbers-the awesome destructive power that only a frilly mobilized and highly industrialized democracy can bring to bear. In all these conflicts, U.S. armies composed of citizen-soldiers suffered and inflicted massive casualties. Much the same methods characterized the conflicts in Korea and Vietnam, though with decreasing levels of success; the former being a costly draw, the latter a bloody failure. The first GulfWar was much more successful, but in many ways, it still fit the traditional, fire power-intensive mode: more than five weeks of relentless bombing was followed by a massive armored onslaught. Although the left hook that swept around Iraqi forces entrenched in Kuwait showed some operational flair, it was hardly a gamble-the eight-division allied force was so heavy that it simply crushed everything in its path.

Respecting What We Destroy: Reflections on Human Embryo Research

Reflections on Human Embryo Research The thought that human embryos could command moral yet also be acceptably used medical research has struck some as incoherent. Given some assumptions about why they deserve respect, however, thought is not objectionable, indeed not even unusual. How can one have moral for something that one intentionally destroys? This perplexing question is pointedly raised by several commentators on ethics of human stem cell and embryo research when they claim that extracorporeal embryos at one and same time merit respect,[1] ... for [their] character,[2] or special respect,[3] and yet remain suitable for use scientific research that results their destruction. Daniel Callahan, among others, has puzzled about how extracorporeal embryo can be both entitled to profound respect and also sacrificed in deference to requirements of research.[4] The puzzle for Callahan, and for us here, is how we can, without a tragic disingenuousness, accede to the killing of something for which [we] claim to have a profound respect (p. 39). The puzzle raises two questions: Does not having an attitude of for something rule out its ultimate destruction? Second, even if this is not so, is not research use and destruction of embryos more honestly done by simply stripping [these] embryos of any value at all? (p. 40) Our answer to both questions is no. What requires can be an alternative both to a prohibition on destruction and to a moral license to kill. We will argue that a genuine moral for embryos can be joined--without incongruity but not without careful attention to how that is displayed--with their use and destruction legitimate research. This is of course not meant to be a description of moral attitudes that people typically have about embryos. Our conclusion is rather an evocation of a moral ideal especially worthy of recognition at a time when research using human embryos is likely to escalate.[5] Before taking up moral compatibility between respecting something and destroying it, we first provide a brief account of moral status general and then address particular moral status of embryos. The moral status of an entity must be clarified before moral permissibility of its intentional destruction can be ascertained. It is to question of moral status, then, that we turn first. Moral Status and Respect There are nonmoral uses of idea of respect--like one might have for a heavyweight champion's left hook or a scholar's opinion. An agent evinces moral respect, however, when she sincerely considers and actually treats an entity as worthy of some degree of deference, reverence, or regard. Plainly, this kind of is dependent on a reckoning of entity's moral status. An entity toward which moral agents have direct obligations, or whose needs, interests, or well-being require protection, for example, will also command respect.[6] Moral agents clearly have a rather high moral status, and they correspondingly deserve very significant moral respect. However, moral should not be collapsed into an account of for moral agents or their characteristics. Humans who are not agents or not yet agents, sentient creatures, other living things, species, and biotic communities are all sometimes said to have moral status and deserve moral respect. Of course, if such widely varying kinds of entities are accorded moral status, notions of moral status and must admit of degrees.[7] Plainly, too, people differ what they assign status and accord to. Nonetheless, any attribution of moral status, however weak, must be taken seriously by others. We employ method of ascertaining moral status recently elaborated by Mary Anne Warren, who has argued convincingly that no one criterion can determine moral status. …

An articulatory study of segmental complexity in alveolopalatals and palatalized alveolars

Alveolopalatal consonants such as /left hook en/ (as in French baigner ‘‘to bathe’’) have been described as complex segments, composed of a tongue-tip gesture and a tongue-dorsum gesture, since they show extensive palatal contact. Evidence from electropalatographic data suggests, however, that alveolopalatals are simple segments produced with a single tongue-blade gesture and that the observed palatal contact does not result from the presence of an independent dorsal gesture, but from articulatory coupling effects. In order to further test the issue of segmental complexity in alveolopalatals, the articulatory characteristics of the Catalan alveolopalatal phoneme /left hooked en/ were compared to those of a truly complex segment involving two independent tongue-front and tongue-dorsum gestures: the Russian palatalized alveolar phoneme /nj/. An electromagnetic measuring device was used to obtain tongue movement data from a Catalan speaker and a Russian speaker for several consonants. Results show that, while in Catalan /left hooked en/, tongue tip, tongue blade, and tongue dorsum achieve the constriction at essentially the same time, Russian /nj/ shows a progression in the achievement of the target from tongue tip to tongue dorsum. This finding supports the hypothesis that Catalan alveolopalatal /left hooked en/ is a simple segment, whereas Russian palatalized alveolar /nj/ is complex. [Work supported by NIH Grant Nos. DC-00121 and HD-01994 to Haskins Laboratories and by ESPRIT-BRA 6975 ‘‘Speech Maps’’ Project of the European Community.]

Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the Var deep-sea fan off the French Riviera

The Var deep-sea fan was deposited during the Pliocene and Quaternary seaward progradation of the Var delta within a steep-sided, flat-floored basin formed during the Messinian salinity crisis. The prominent palaeo-Var canyon was cut on the slope at the same time. Following the Early Pliocene transgression, Var sediments were initially trapped in the coastal ria formed by sea-level incursion of the head of the Messinian valley. By Middle Pliocene time Gilbert-type deltas had prograded to the break of slope (modern coastline) allowing coarse sediment to reach the basin. Quaternary coastal uplift and sediment supply from the glaciated Alps resulted in a supply of coarse sediment to the fan by the braided Var River throughout the Quaternary, even during sea-level highstands such as the present. In the earliest Pliocene, hemipelagic clays accumulated while coarse sediment was trapped in the Var ria. Through the rest of the Pliocene, a leveed fan valley extended southward from the Var canyon, which periodically switched locations through avulsion to the east. At about the beginning of the Quaternary, this eastward spillover channel became the main distributary and re-occupation of the older south-trending channels was blocked by rapid levee progradation and aggradation of mud waves by overbanking of turbidity flows on the Var sedimentary ridge. During the Quaternary, channel shifting to the north occurred. The Quaternary Var fan has an unusually steep concave longitudinal profile compared with most passive margin fans. The Laurentian fan has a similar profile to the Var; both have a high levee and a gravel and pebble-floored fan valley that is essentially a bypass zone, compared with the aggradational channel-levee systems (with lower levees) in most passive margin fans. This is a consequence of the constant supply of coarse sand, gravel and pebbles to the fan, even during highstands of sea level. The erosive capability of this coarse sediment in ignitive turbidity currents resulted in flushing out of the upper and middle fan valley system. Thick muddy turbidity currents, probably resulting from slumping caused by canyon incision, produced the prominent mud waves on the levee. The concave longitudinal profile led to rapid sediment deposition at critical points in the valley system as a result of turbidity flow expansion; this in turn promoted the development of a left hook in the valley system.

The Other Desert War: British Special Forces in North Africa, 1940-43

Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Foreword by Theodore Ropp First Experiments: World War I The Penetration of the Desert The Formation of a Desert Special Force First Missions: A Huge Bluff Played Out Against the Germans The Raiding Partnership A Daring Gamble That Failed: The Raids on Tobruk, Benghazi, Jalo, and Barce The Road Watch and the Verification of Ultra The Last Act: A Left Hook Around the Mareth Line Epilogue Essay on Sources Index

Active geologic processes in Barrow Canyon, northeast Chukchi Sea

Circulation patterns on the shelf and at the shelf break appear to dominate the Barrow Canyon system. The canyon's shelf portion underlies and is maintained by the Alaska Coastal Current (A.C.C.), which flows northeastward along the coast toward the northeast corner of the broad Chukchi Sea. Offshelf and onshelf advective processes are indicated by oceanographic measurements of other workers. These advective processes may play an important role in the production of bedforms that are found near the canyon head as well as in processes of erosion or non-deposition in the deeper canyon itself. Coarse sediments recovered from the canyon axis at 400 to 570 m indicate that there is presently significant flow along the canyon. The canyon hooks left at a point north of Point Barrow where the A.C.C. loses its coastal constriction. The left hook, as well as preferential west-wall erosion, continues down to the abyssal plain of the Canada Basin at 3800 m. A possible explanation for the preferential west-wall erosion along the canyon, at least for the upper few hundred meters, is that the occasional upwelling events, which cause nutrient-rich water to flow along the west wall would in turn cause larger populations of burrowing organisms to live there than on the east wall, and that these organisms cause high rates of bioerosion. This hypothesis assumes that the dominant factor in the canyon's erosion is biological activity, not current velocity. Sedimentary bedforms consisting of waves and furrows are formed in soft mud in a region on the shelf west of the canyon head; their presence there perhaps reflects: (a) the supply of fine suspended sediments delivered by the A.C.C. from sources to the south, probably the Yukon and other rivers draining northwestern Alaska; and (b) the westward transport of these suspended sediments by the prevailing Beaufort Gyre which flows along the outer shelf.