Left Femur Research Articles

Preoperative abaloparatide plus zoledronate treatment accelerates femoral bone healing in rats following osteotomy.

Purpose: We investigated the potential efficacy of abaloparatide (Abalo) and zoledronate (ZA) combination therapy for accelerating femoral union in a rat osteotomy model. Methods: Nine-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14 per group): control, abaloparatide (Abalo, 30μg/kg via subcutaneous injection [s.c.] 5 times per week for 6weeks), zoledronate (ZA; 0.1mg/kg via s.c., single dose), and Abalo + ZA. Rats were then subjected to unilateral osteotomy of the femoral shaft, followed by osteosynthesis with intramedullary nailing to establish bone healing models. At 2 and 4weeks after osteotomy, both femurs were removed from seven rats per group for soft X-ray imaging to evaluate bone union and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) for bone morphometric evaluation. Blood samples were collected from all rats every 2week starting 6weeks pre- to 4weeks postosteotomy. Toluidine blue staining was used for histopathological evaluation of the undecalcified specimens. Results: Soft X-ray imaging revealed accelerated callus formation, callus maturation, and fracture line closure in Abalo and Abalo + ZA groups compared to ZA and control groups. Micro-CT demonstrated greater cortical bone and trabecular bone to total volume ratios in contralateral (left) femurs of the Abalo + ZA group compared to the Abalo group. Both trabecular and cortical bone mineral densities were also greater in contralateral femurs of the Abalo + ZA group compared to Abalo and ZA groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest substantial additive or synergistic efficacy of abaloparatide plus zoledronate combination therapy for accelerating bone healing following osteotomy and for maintaining normal bone health.

A Morphometric Study of the Adult Distal Femur in the South Indian Population.

Introduction The most vital joint for locomotion is the knee joint, which is a condylar, modified hinge joint. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease commonly affecting the knee joint, which can be successfully treated by joint replacement surgeries wherein the condyles of the affected knee joints are replaced based on the measurement of the condyles for which the accurate morphometric values of the tibia and femur play an important role thereby decreasing the complications post-surgery and improving the mobility and quality of life of patients. Aim The present study aims to evaluate the morphometric data of femoral condyles andcompare the morphometric data of the left and right femurs using the direct method. Materials and methods One hundred femoral condyles of unidentified sex were used for the measurement in the study. Medial condylar anteroposterior distance (MCAPD), lateral condylar anteroposterior distance (LCAP), bicondylar width (BCW), medial condylar transverse distance (MCTD), lateral condylar transverse distance (LCTD), and intercondylar notch width (ICNW) were measured by Vernier Calliper and the values between the leftand right femurs were compared. Results The mean MCAPD is 56.88 mm, the mean LCAP is 57.72 mm, the mean BCW is 72.22 mm, the mean MCTD is 22.88 mm, the mean LCTD is 22.99 mm, and the mean ICNW is 21.58 mm, respectively. Conclusion The morphometric data obtained by direct measurement using Vernier Callipers is more accurate than indirect measurements which in turn aid biomedical engineers in designing more accurate and apt prostheses for knee replacement surgeries which in turn decrease the post-surgical complications and result in better outcomes due to surgery.

Morinda Officinalis Polysaccharides Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation by Regulating miR-214-3p/NEDD4L in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Mice

To investigate the potential mechanism of Morinda officinalis F. C. How polysaccharides (MOPs) in regulating osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis through miR-214-3p and its target protein. Ovariectomy was performed in 8-week female C57BL6 mice to establish the postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) model. Mice were treated immediately with 500 mg/kg of MOPs (prevention group); others were treated 2 weeks after operation (treatment group). Left femur bone mineral density (BMD) was examined. RAW264.7 cells were administered with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) to establish the osteoclast (OC) model and treated with serum containing 1 or 2 g/kg of MOPs. Apoptosis-related indexes, miR-214-3p, and Expressed Developmentally Down-regulated 4-Like (NEDD4L) were detected by western blot, quantitative real-time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and flow cytometry. OC received a miR-214-3p inhibitor or NEDD4L small interfering RNA (siRNA). MOPs reversed the PMOP-induced changes in bones. Compared with the RANKL group, MOPs increased the apoptosis and related markers in OCs. MOPs decreased the femur miR-214-3p of PMOP mice (P < 0.001). Higher concentrations of MOPs reversed the upregulation of miR-214 mRNA in OCs (P < 0.001). miR-214-3p inhibitor increased the expression of Bax and CC3 (P < 0.01) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). NEDD4L is targeted by miR-214. NEDD4L was upregulated in the RANKL + MOPs group (P < 0.01). miR-214-3p inhibitor increased the upregulation of NEDD4L induced by MOPs (P < 0.05). siRNA NEDD4L significantly reversed the inhibition of MOPs on osteoclast differentiation with miR-214-3p inhibitor (P < 0.01). MOPs effectively prevent PMOP by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inducing OC apoptosis through the miR-214-3p/NEDD4L pathway.

Estimation of sex from femoral bone using radiological imaging methods in Turkish population.

Sex estimation is leading to determine the biological profile in forensic medicine. The aim of this study is to research the effectiveness of logistic regression (LogR) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) to create sex estimation models on femur images obtained with Computed Tomography (CT) angiography and to address the differences of femur, which show sexual dimorphism, among populations. All parameters were measured on three planes by adjusting the 300 CT angiography images from 150 women and 150 men that focused on the left femur to the orthogonal plane with standard magnification. The subgroup, which included 30 images randomly generated from these images, was measured twice with an interval of 3 weeks by the first radiologist and once by the second radiologist. According to the Fisher's Linear Discriminant analysis, which was evaluated with ten parameters in the study, it was concluded that the power of discriminating women was 96.7%, the power of discriminating men was 98.7%, and the total discrimination power was 97.7%; these results were 98%, 99.3%, and 98.7%, respectively according to LogR. In this study, DFA and LogR analysis showed that femur provided a very good rate of sexual dimorphism. A database belonging to the Turkish population was created for the femur, allowing for comparison between populations.

Male-female spatio-temporal differences of age-related bone changes show faster bone deterioration in older women at femoral regions associated with incident hip fracture.

A better understanding of how age-related bone loss affects the fracture-prone regions of the proximal femur could lead to more informed fracture-prevention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of bone deterioration in older men and women with aging. A subset of 305 men (74.87 ± 4.76years; mean ± SD) and 371 age-matched women (74.84 ± 4.71years) with no history of fracture was randomly selected from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans of the left proximal femur obtained at baseline and at 5.2 ± 0.4years follow-up were processed to assess local changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cortical bone thickness (Ct.Th), and internal bone structure using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), surface-based statistical parametric mapping (surf-SPM), and tensor-based morphometry (TBM). Local parametric changes within each sex and sex differences in these changes were statistically assessed using linear mixed effects models allowing for baseline and time-varying covariates, yielding Student's t-test and p-value statistical maps of the proximal femur. The statistical maps indicated regions with significant parametric changes in each sex and with significant different parametric changes between older men and older women with aging. Older women manifested significantly larger losses in vBMD, (Ct.Th), and structure than older men, and they did so in regions where deficiency in these parameters has been associated with incident hip fracture. Using longitudinal QCT scans of the proximal femur and Computational Anatomy, we provided new insights into the higher fracture rates of the proximal femur in older women compared with men of similar age providing new information on the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.

The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of metamizole sodium.

Drug use during pregnancy is an important issue that must be investigated due to its adverse effects on maternal and foetal health. This study aimed to determine the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of in-ovo administered metamizole (dipyrone), which can be used when needed during pregnancy and has potent analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and long bone (tibia and femur) effects. This study used 240 fertile eggs from Atak S breed chickens, divided into eight equal groups: control, vehicle control, and 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg metamizole. The eggs were hatched on the 21st day of incubation, and the chicks' body weights and mortality rates were determined. The right and left femur and tibia bones were resected from the chicks. Anatomical reference points were determined after removing the soft tissues of the bones, and necessary morphometric measures were taken from these points with a 0.01 mm precision using digital callipers. The 100% lethal dose (LD100) was identified in the highest examined dose (500 mg/kg) in the Chicken Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST)-I stage. The CHEST-II stage determined the 50% lethal dose (LD50). High-dose metamizole affected skeletal development, significantly decreasing tibia and femur lengths and corpus thicknesses and increasing mortality.

Unusual “Mini-Rugby Ball” Pattern Solitary Lung Metastasis in Relapsed Ewing's Sarcoma

AbstractEwing's sarcoma (ES) is a mesenchymal origin malignant neoplasm that affects children and adolescents. It is the second most common type of bone sarcoma and accounts for approximately 1.5% of all childhood cancers with an annual incidence of 1 to 3 cases per million children under 16 years of age. In this article, we present the case of a 16-year-old adolescent girl. Lung metastasis at the initial diagnosis of ES is relatively uncommon but carries significant prognostic implications. Lung metastases in ES can vary significantly in size, ranging from small nodules (just a few millimeters in size) to the largest reported case being 15 cm. The size of the metastases impacts the choice of therapeutic strategies and the prognosis. Approximately 30% of patients with ES experience a relapse, with the lungs being a common site for metastatic disease. Relapsed lung metastasis on follow-up is a critical concern in the long-term management of ES. We describe a relapsed case of ES in a 16-year-old adolescent girl who presented with a solitary large metastatic right lung mass, with the longest dimension of 16 cm on craniocaudal measurement. The primary site of the tumor was the left distal femur, for which the patient received six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by en bloc tumor excision and rotationplasty of the left distal femur, after which the patient received seven cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequent 5 years of regular follow-up was asymptomatic. Later, the patient presented with back pain and cough, and was diagnosed with a solitary large right lung mass. Computed tomography (CT) guided biopsy of the right lung mass revealed a metastatic ES, for which she underwent chemoradiotherapy. This case highlights the large size of solitary lung metastases in relapsed ES.

Increased 1-Year Revision Rates Among Left-Sided Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures.

To compare 1-year revision rates among left-sided and right-sided intertrochanteric femur fractures. Retrospective. 120+ contributing centers to multicentered database. Patients who sustained intertrochanteric femur fracture (ITFF) and had a cephalomedullary nail (CMN) from 2015 to 2022 were identified. Patients were then stratified based on left-sided or right-sided fracture. Patients were excluded if younger than 18 years with <1-year follow-up. The intervention investigated was CMN on left or right side. One-year revision surgery, comparing CMN performed on left or right side for ITFFs. In total, 113,626 patients met inclusion criteria, with 55,295 in the right-sided cohort and 58,331 in the left-sided cohort. There was no difference between cohorts with respect to age, gender, diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, or congestive heart failure (P > 0.05 for all). Patients who sustained a left ITFF and treated with a CMN were more likely to have revision surgery at 1 year (Left: 1.24%, Right: 0.90%; OR: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.1.33) or develop a nonunion or malunion (Left: 1.30%, Right: 0.98%; OR: 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14-1.52). The most common revision surgery conducted for both cohorts was conversion total hip arthroplasty (Left: 70.4% and Right: 70.0%). Patients who sustained a left intertrochanteric femur fracture and were treated with a CMN were more likely to undergo revision at 1 year due to nonunion. There were no differences in demographics and comorbidities between cohorts. Though left-sided versus right-sided confounding variables may exist, the difference in nonunion rate may be explained by clockwise torque of the lag screw used in most implants. Increased awareness, implant design, and improved technique during fracture reduction and fixation may help lower this disproportionate nonunion rate and its associated morbidity and financial impact. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Feasibility Study on Constructing Dosimetric Correlated Geometric Parameters for Automatic Segmentation Evaluation.

To investigate the feasibility of constructing new geometric parameters that correlate well with dosimetric parameters. 100 rectal cancer patients were enrolled. The targets were identified manually, while the organs at risk (bladder, small bowel, left and right femoral heads) were segmented both manually and automatically. The radiotherapy plans were optimized according to the automatically contoured organs at risk. Forty cases were randomly selected to establish the relationship between dose and distance for each organ at risk, termed "dose-distance curves," which were then applied to the new geometric parameters. The correlation between these new geometric parameters and dosimetric parameters was analyzed in the remaining 60 test cases. The "dose-distance curves" were similar across the four organs at risk, exhibiting an inverse function shape with a rapid decrease initially and a slower rate at a later stage. The Pearson correlation coefficients of new geometric parameters and dosimetric parameters in the bladder, small intestine, and left and right femur heads were 0.96, 0.97, 0.88, and 0.70, respectively. The new geometric parameters predicated on "distance from the target" showed a high correlation with corresponding dosimetric parameters in rectal cancer cases. It is feasible to utilize the new geometric parameters to evaluate the dose deviation attributable to automatic segmentation.

Ribbing disease of the femur: a rare entity.

Ribbing disease is a rare benign bone dysplasia characterized by progressive cortical thickening of the diaphyses of long bones in adult patients. The literature provides limited insight into its natural radiological progression and anatomical distribution. Single-bone involvement is particularly uncommon, with prior cases exclusively affecting the tibia. This case report outlines the unique presentation of Ribbing disease in a 20-year-old male, localized to the left femur. The patient's history revealed intermittent left thigh pain persisting for more than 2 years, with no identifiable triggers or relief factors. Early radiographic imaging revealed no significant abnormalities, but subsequent imaging, conducted 1 year after the initial presentation, revealed focal fusiform widening and cortical thickening of the mid-diaphysis of the left femur. MRI further revealed circumferential cortical thickening with bone marrow edema, corroborated by CT, which revealed cortical thickening with near-complete obliteration of the intramedullary cavity. The patient was managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and activity modifications. Misinterpretation of the radiographic findings of the osteoid osteoma led the patient to undergo radiofrequency ablation. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing Ribbing disease and emphasizes the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of chronic limb pain. Continued reporting of cases contributes to enhancing our understanding and management of this rare skeletal dysplasia.

Osteoproductivity of Injectable Bone Grafts with and without Ostrich Eggshell Membrane Protein in Rabbit Femur.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and effectiveness in terms of osseointegration of dental implants composed of novel injectable bone grafts with and without ostrich eggshell particles and membrane protein in rabbit femur. Sixteen adult male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. A bone defect was created in each animal's right and left femur, and a dental implant was placed adjacent to the defect. Two graft materials were prepared, one containing the membrane protein and the other not. In two groups, the defects were filled with these materials. In the negative control group (NC, (n:8)), the defects were left empty. A commercial product of biphasic calcium sulfate was used as a positive control material (PC, n = 8). The graft groups were defined as the group with the membrane protein (MP+, (n:8)), and without the membrane protein (MP-, n:8). The animals were euthanized at the 12th week after surgery. The samples were investigated using histology, histomorphometry, and micro-computed tomography. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p = 0.05). Both the PC and MP+ groups had similar newly formed bone areas, and the mean values of these groups were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the MP- and NC groups. The PC group had the highest amount of unresorbed material, while the MP- group had the lowest amount of unresorbed material. The bone-implant contact (BIC) scores of the PC and MP+ groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the NC group. The connective tissue area of the PC group was the lowest, which was significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). The grafts produced are highly biocompatible and also showed osteoproductivity. Their cost-effectiveness and osteoproductive activity require further investigation.

Total management of hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor of the buttock: A case report.

Solitary fibrous tumors can manifest at various anatomical sites, predominantly occurring at extrapleural sites with a peak incidence between 40 and 70 years. SFT necessitates long-term follow-up owing to its tumor characteristics. However, comprehensive reports covering the period from initial diagnosis to the patient's demise are lacking. Herein, we present a case of a malignant SFT of the buttocks that was treated at our hospital from the time of initial diagnosis to the end of life, with a literature review. A 54-year-old woman had a T1 low-to-isobaric and T2 isobaric-to-hyperintense mass in the psoas muscle on magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosed as an SFT. Wide excision was performed, followed by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Multiple lung metastases were treated, while bone metastases appeared in the left femur. Multiple spinal metastases developed, causing respiratory distress due to pleural effusion. Best support care was initiated; however, a thrombus appeared in the inferior vena cava. Despite anticoagulant therapy, the patient died 11 years and 6 months after the initial surgery. Herein, marginal resection resulted in a relatively short operative time and average blood loss. The radiotherapy dose was 66 Gy; no complications occurred, and local recurrence was prevented. Tumor arthroplasty was performed to stabilize the affected limbs, and the patient required careful follow-up. Despite the poor prognosis, the patient survived >11 years after surgery and had a favorable outcome. Long-term monitoring for potential complications remains necessary.

The effect of Mongolian Medicine Chagan Gaoyou-4 Powder on bone mineral density induced by retinoic acid in rats

Objective: To investigate the effects of Chagan-Gaoyou-4 powder on spine bone mineral density and serum estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) protein expression in bone tissue induced by retinoic acid in rats. Methods: Sixty 3-month-old SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into model group (retinoin group), normal group (SHAM group), Mongolian medicine group (Chagan-Gaoyou 4 group), and control group (Gushukang granule group). After 14 days of administration, spinal Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was measured, and external manifestations were observed. Results: Compared with the SHAM group, the BMD values of all medication groups decreased (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the model group, the spinal BMD value of the Chagan Gaoyou-4 group was increased after 21 days of treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.05). After 21 days, the spinal BMD value of all treatment groups was increased (P &lt; 0.05), the spinal BMD value was also increased, especially Chagan Gaoyou-4 group was more obviously increased (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with the normal group, ERa and ERβ levels in the model group were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.001), and ERa and ERβ levels in all drug groups were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) compared with the model group. After 21 days of treatment, there was no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P &gt; 0.05). ERa and ERβ levels in the Chagan Gaoyou-4 group were higher than those in the model group (P &lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the group and the Gushukang granule group (P &gt; 0.05). The E2 content of the Chagan Gaoyou-4 group was higher than that of the model group (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of estrogen receptor ERa and ERβ in bone tissue of the left proximal femur was detected by RT-PCR. Compared with the model group, the expression of ERa and ERβ mRNA in the Chagan Gaoyou-4 group and Gushukang granule group was increased. Compared with the model group, ERp mRNA expression was increased in the Chagan Gaoyou-4 powder medium-dose group. Compared with the Gushukang granule group, there was no significant difference in ERm RNA expression in the Chagan Gaoyou-4 dose groups. Chagan Gaoyou-4 can up-regulate the expression of ERa and ERβ induced by retinoic acid in rats, indicating that the Chagan Gaoyou-4 powder group may promote bone formation, regulate bone resorption, improve bone mineral density, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating OP by increasing estrogen level, stimulating estrogen receptor, and increasing the expression of ERa and ERβ in bone tissue. Conclusion: Chagan-Gaoyu-4 powder may have estrogen-like effects on the bone tissue of rats induced by retinoic acid and may increase the level of serum estrogen, ERa, and ERβ protein expression, thereby improving the spinal BMD of experimental rats. The Chagan-Gaoyou-4 powder group could improve the general condition of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid in rats.

Critical Illness Corticosteroid Insufficiency after Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report

A 60-year-old man with a history of a previous colon resection presented after a motor vehicle collision. He was hypotensive in the field. A systolic pressure of 58 was noted on admission to the trauma bay. The remaining vital signs revealed a pulse of 99 and respirations 18. The temperature was 98 degrees. The patient was alert with a GCS of 15. He was given 2 liters of crystalloids and his systolic pressure increased to 100. His initial hemoglobin was 12.3 with hematocrit of 37. The initial base deficit was -12 and a venous lactate was 3.3. Work up revealed a left femur fracture, a right tibial plateau fracture and right radius and ulna fractures. An abdominal CT revealed a possible small bowel injury and the patient was taken to the operating room for exploration. The operative findings included small bowel injury and blunt colon injuries requiring jejunal resection and a primary anastomosis along with a segmental colon resection and end-colostomy. The left femur fracture was fixed along with the radius and ulna fractures at a separate operative intervention.

Effects of daily probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus on calcium status, bone metabolism biomarkers, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a controlled and randomized clinical study.

Menopause poses significant health risks for women, particularly an increased vulnerability to fractures associated with osteoporosis. Dietary interventions have emerged as promising strategies, focusing on mitigating the risk of osteoporosis rather than solely addressing the established disease. This 12-week randomized controlled trial aimed to analyze the effects of consuming Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics on calcium levels, biomarkers of bone metabolism, and bone mineral density (BMD) profiles in postmenopausal women. Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (n = 25) or the probiotic L. acidophilus UALa-01™ (n = 30) daily via oral intervention. Throughout the study, evaluations included body composition, blood biochemical parameters, serum calcium levels, and biomarkers of bone metabolism. Additionally, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD profiles. The findings delineated that the probiotic group experienced a decrease in serum calcium levels compared to their initial levels. However, hair calcium levels and biomarkers related to bone metabolism showed no notable changes within this group. Consumption of probiotic L. acidophilus also seemed to prevent fluctuations in bone turnover markers. Moreover, there were no significant alterations in BMD levels at the lumbar spine, left femur, and total body in the probiotic group. Additionally, probiotic intake led to favorable outcomes by significantly reducing both body fat and visceral fat during the intervention period. Conversely, an adverse effect of consuming probiotic L. acidophilus was observed with a significant increase in glucose concentration. In conclusion, the consumption of L. acidophilus probiotics daily for 12 weeks among postmenopausal women does not affect the profile of BMD, but it may help in stabilizing bone turnover. It is important to note that most measured parameters were within the normal range for this population. However, it is worth noting that 3 months of probiotic supplementation could potentially disrupt calcium and glucose status in postmenopausal women.

Comparative Analysis of Osteointegration in Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Titanium Implants: An In Vivo Rabbit Model Study.

The study evaluates the osteointegration of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite-titanium (HApTi) biocomposites implanted in the femurs of rabbits. The biocomposites were fabricated using powder metallurgy and subjected to a two-step sintering process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze the morphology, while mesenchymal stem cells were cultured to assess cytotoxicity and proliferation. In vivo experiments involved the implantation of HAp in the left femur and HApTi in the right femur of twenty New Zealand white rabbits. Computed tomography (CT) scans, histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to assess bone density and osteoblast activity. Results demonstrated that HApTi implants showed superior osteointegration, with higher peri-implant bone density and increased osteoblast count compared to HAp implants. This study concluded that HApTi biocomposites have potential for enhanced bone healing and stability in orthopedic applications.

Pengaruh Paparan Medan Elektromagnetik ELF Intensitas 500 µT dan 1000 µT Terhadap Panjang dan Diameter Tulang Femur Mencit Balb/C

WHO has determined the threshold for exposure to magnetic fields, an intensity of 100µT for the general public, and an intensity of 500µT for workers, but the impact of this exposure on bones still needs to be studied. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with intensities of 500µT and 1000µT on bones. This research was included in the True Design Experiment using 21 Balb/C mice which were divided equally into 3 groups, the control group, the 500µT intensity experimental group, and the 1000µT intensity experimental group. Intermittent exposure is 3 hours for 30 days. The variables measured in this study were the length and diameter of the right and left femur bones of mice. The measurement data were then analyzed using SPSS 23 software. The results of this study revealed that there was no significant difference in the length of the femur bone between the experimental group and the control group. Meanwhile, in the diameter of the right femur bone of mice, a significant difference was found between the experimental group at 1000µT intensity and the control group. In the diameter of the left femur bone of mice, a significant difference was found between the experimental group at 500µT intensity and 1000µT intensity compared to the control group.

Leiomyosarcoma of the Left Femur: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Leiomyosarcoma of the Left Femur: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Locked plate constructs are not necessarily stiffer than nonlocked constructs: A biomechanical investigation of locked versus nonlocked diaphyseal fixation in a human cadaveric model of nonosteoporotic and osteoporotic distal femoral fractures.

The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of locked and nonlocked diaphyseal fixation in a model of distal femur fractures using osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic human cadaveric bone. A supracondylar osteotomy was created to mimic a fracture (OTA/AO 33A3) in osteoporotic (n = 4) and nonosteoporotic (n = 5) cadaveric distal femurs. The left and right femurs of each pair were instrumented with a distal femoral locking plate and randomly assigned to have diaphyseal fixation with either locked or nonlocked screws. The construct was cyclically axially loaded, and construct stiffness and load to failure were evaluated. In osteoporotic bone, locked constructs were more stiff than nonlocked constructs (mean 143 vs. 98 N/mm when all time points combined, P < 0.001). However, in nonosteoporotic bone, locked constructs were less stiff than nonlocked constructs (mean 155 N/mm vs. 185 N/mm when all time points combined, P < 0.001). In osteoporotic bone, the average load to failure was greater in the locked group than in the nonlocked group (mean 1159 vs. 991 N, P = 0.01). In nonosteoporotic bone, the average load to failure was greater for the nonlocked group (mean 1348 N vs. 1214 N, P = 0.02). Bone mineral density was highly correlated with maximal load to failure (R2 = 0.92, P = 0.001) and stiffness (R2 = 0.78, P = 0.002) in nonlocked constructs but not in locked constructs. Contrary to popular belief, locked plating constructs are not necessarily stiffer than nonlocked constructs. In healthy nonosteoporotic bone, locked diaphyseal fixation does not provide a stiffer construct than nonlocked fixation. Bone quality has a profound influence on the stiffness of nonlocked (but not locked) constructs in distal femur fractures.

Synthesis, Characterizations and Optimization of Magnesium Oxide Scaffold for Bone Healing Applications

In this work, the structural properties of Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) are synthesized by a simple chemical technique. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) pattern showed the crystalline nature of MgO NPs. The average diameter of MgO NPs calculated by SEM and XRD was around 19 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum and XRD pattern suggested that prepared MgO NPs were highly pure. The viability of cells in a medium containing MgO-AV composite scaffold was nearly equal to that of MgO, AV, and control, with no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05). The Runx2-mediated modulation of gene expressions of the bone biomarkers ALP and OCN was investigated to determine the mechanism of scaffold-induced improvement in bone repair. ALP was immunodetected in the injured site of the right femur twenty-one days after the bone defects were created. The implantation of scaffolds into the bone defect region of the left femur, on the other hand, resulted in a noticeable increase in ALP levels. Similarly, OCN was immunodetected in the right femur's bone defect site. The implantation of scaffolds into the bone defect location of the left femur, on the other hand, resulted in a significant increase in OCN levels. The low-level diode laser therapy (LLLT) promotes the partially bony incorporation of the xeno bony implantation with the recipient femoral bone, and can successfully fill the space, and support the weight after removing the internal fixation methods, with no body rejection. The histopathological finding at the end of the 6th week post-operation in treatment groups the trabecular bone is mature and wide with little cavity. The control group showed immature and thin trabecular bone, with large cavities, and an area of connective tissues not organized. At the end of 12th weeks, post-operation the treatment groups revealed mature trabecular bone surrounding the bony device and lamellar bone formation with partial bony incorporation, the lacuna and haversian canals of the bony device filled with osteocyte and blood vessels, while in control groups the trabecula bone not mature, and many lucana and havesan canal still empty in the bony device