Slab Layer Research Articles

Identification of Moho Discontinuity Depth and Subduction Slab in Bengkulu and South Sumatra Region using Receiver Function Method: A Preliminary Result

Bengkulu and South Sumatra regions are areas with high seismic activity due to faults and subduction zones. This study aims to analyze the depth of the Moho discontinuity layer and subduction slab under 4 BMKG seismic stations that form a perpendicular line of trench in the Bengkulu and South Sumatra areas. The distribution of stations used are Enggano Station (EGSI) in the front arc islands, Manna Station (MNAI) in the front arc basin, Pagar Alam Station (PKSI) in the volcanic-arc zone, and Lahat Station (LHSI) in the proto-volcanic zone. We selected teleseismic earthquake data with a distance of 30°-90° from the stations and magnitudes above 6 (M>6). For the identification of Moho and slab depths, we used analysis of receiver functions with iterative time domain deconvolution and migration of receiver functions with the AK-135 velocity model. The Oceanic Moho layer and the subduction slab under the EGSI Station were identified at depths of 34 km and 23 km respectively, under the MNAI Station the Moho layer and the subduction slab were identified at a depth of 18 km and 87 km respectively, under the PKSI Station the Moho layer and the subduction slab were identified at a depth of 34 km and 129 km respectively, and under the LHSI Station the Moho layer and subduction slab were identified at depths of 35 km and 175 km respectively.

Depth Estimation of Moho Discontinuity Layer at 5 BMKG Seismic Stations in East Java Using Receiver Function Method

East Java is one of the areas with a high level of seismicity due to the existence of a subduction zone in the south of Java Island. In addition, there are also active faults and active volcanos in East Java. This study aims to determine the depth of the Moho Discontinuity layer and subduction slab using receiver function method based on the iterative time domain deconvolution. This study was conducted using teleseismic earthquake data with an epicenter distance of 30°–90° from the receiver station and magnitude more than 6 (M≥6). 5 BMKG seismic stations that form a straight line are used, including those in the Bawean Arc (BWJI), Rembang Zone (BAJI), Kendeng Zone (SIJM), Modern Mountain Arc (PPJI), Southern Mountain Zone (GEJI). The depth of the Moho Discontinuity layer at BWJI Station was observed in ranges from 36–38 km, at BAJI Station it ranges from 39–40 km, at SIJM Station it ranges from 39–40 km, at PPJI Station it ranges from 46–48 km, and at GEJI Station it ranges from 33–36 km. In general, the Moho Discontinuity layer in the mountainous region is deeper due to the isostasy effect.

Estimating the Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films: A Novel Approach Using the Transient Plane Source Method

Abstract The conventional transient plane source (TPS) method for thin films is used for films and adhesives with thicknesses between 50 and 200 μm. Measurements with the conventional TPS method are usually inaccurate due to thermal contact resistance between the insulating sensor layers, the film and the sensor, and the film and the background material. A new approach to measuring thin films with the TPS is introduced, where the heat flow is constrained to one dimension, and a slab layer made from the same background material is introduced between the thin film and the TPS sensor. This decouples the effects of the thermal contact resistance (TCR) of the sensor to the thermal resistance of the film. The new approach is tested on four different thin films with stainless steel as the background material. The results are compared to guarded heat flowmeter measurements. Excellent agreement (< 12% error) between the two methods is achieved, showing that the new method proposed is fast, accurate, and convenient alternative for determining the thermal conductivity of thin films.

Adhesion performance tests and analysis of interface damage for CRTS III prefabricated slab tracks

Debonding between the track slab and self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a common form of damage in China railway track system (CRTS) III prefabricated slab tracks. To investigate the influence of interlayer cohesive parameters on the interface connection, composite specimens of track slabs and SCC were made to be used for splitting tensile and shear tests. The variation characteristics between the interface’s tension and displacement were obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, and the key parameters of a cohesive zone model (CZM) were determined and used to simulate the cracking behavior. Also analyzed was the interlayer damage behavior of the composite specimen using ABAQUS, the results of which were compared with those of the tests. Furthermore, a finite element simulation model of the CRTS III prefabricated slab track with CZM was used to analyze the impact of different cohesive parameters on interlayer damage under train loads and varying temperature gradient loads. The results show that: I). The DIC technique accurately describes the entire process from the damage initiation and propagation, to complete failure of the interface-bonded components; II). The finite element simulation results of the concrete composite specimens agree with the experimental results, indicating the CZM accurately reflects the interlayer cracking behaviors; III). Reducing the interface stiffness and increasing the critical fracture energy can slightly delay the onset of interface damage and debonding, respectively; IV). An increase in the cohesive strength can effectively inhibit the development of interface damage, for example, increasing the normal and tangential cohesive strength can improve the starting temperature gradient for interlayer damage initiation by 150 % and 45 %, respectively; and V). Under large positive temperature gradients (>70 °C/m), the interlayer debonding rate corresponding to most cohesive parameters reaches 100 % (complete failure of adhesion), making extreme temperature areas a necessary focus on the interlayer debonding of slab tracks. The research results of this paper can be used to analyze the damage behavior between the track slab and SCC layer, and provide a theoretical basis for the design and maintenance of CRTS III prefabricated slab track.

Modelling of slab track systems for design purposes

Slab track is a recent technology used to cope up with the train high axle loads and speed, it has replaced the ballast material in classical ballasted track with either reinforced concrete slab or asphalt layer in order to increase both stability and durability of the railway lines. This paper aims to propose a new slab track design model which can be used to design/analyze any slab track systems under vertical loads using AREMA and EN specifications for high-speed systems (300 kmph). This model has been validated through experimental work held in Heriot-Watt University then applied to the most common slab track systems (BÖGL, Shinkansen, and RHEDA 2000) in the world. The standard section of RHEDA 2000 slab track has shown the best structural performance and efficiency compared with BÖGL and Shinkansen standard sections regarding the rail deflection, stresses of rails, and stress of replacement soil layer and subgrade soil. This paper has concluded the rail deflection is the most critical factor for the slab track design regarding EN specifications while the subgrade stresses is the vital criterion concerning AREMA specifications. Furthermore, EN-Specifications are found to be more conservative than AREMA specifications for the design or analysis of all the slab track types.

Partition the total energy of Al3Ti to characterize the Al3Ti/Al interface properties: a first-principles study

The geometric model of coplanar reciprocal lattice points (CRLPs) was used to predict the preferred orientation relationships (ORs) between the Al3Ti intermetallic particle and the Al matrix. The calculation result indicates that there exist two preferred ORs, i.e. (001)Al3Ti//(001)Al, [100]Al3Ti//[100]Al and (010)Al3Ti//(010)Al, [100]Al3Ti//[101¯]Al. The periodic models with a specific interface structure and surface slab models on a particular crystallographic plane were proposed to partition the total energy of the Al3Ti compound into its constituent atoms’ energies. The Ti and two kinds of Al atoms (Wyckoff notation 2b and 4d) possess the energy of -119.80325739 Ry, -5.09778518 Ry, and -5.03677683 Ry, respectively. Compared with the Al3Ti total energy of -269.94919247 Ry, the proposed energy partition scheme presents a satisfactory accuracy better than ∼10−7 Ry. Owing to the data of the atom's energy in the solid state, the definite value of surface energy can be obtained whether or not it is a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric surface. The interface energy calculation, which was carried out on all the preferred ORs with all the possible atomic configurations, indicates that the energy-preferred interface possesses the orientation relationship of (001)Al3Ti//(001)Al, [100]Al3Ti//[100]Al. The atomic configuration is that the atoms on the surface of the Al slab face directly to atoms on the second layer of the Al3Ti slab with the Al-Ti terminated surface on account of its lowest interface energy of 0.005 J/m2. The predicted OR agrees well with the previously published experimental results, and the significantly lower interface energy explains the potency of the Al3Ti particle as a heterogeneous nucleation site in the aluminum solidification process.

Discovery of new MAX-phase-like layered ternary carbide V8P6C: Crystal structure, thermal expansion, and elastic properties

Due to the laminated structure, MAX phases and MAX-phase-like compounds possess outstanding damage tolerance capability with good thermal/electrical conductivity and other charming functional properties, showing a bright future for structural-functional uses. Here, a new MAX-phase-like ternary carbide V8P6C with layered characteristics was discovered. Contrary to the alternate stacking of hexagonal-arranged M/A/X atom layers in MAX phases, V8P6C has a layered structure formed by a repeated stacking of the slabs consisting of V6C-octahedrons and VP6-distorted-octahedrons in three-atomic layers thick. The thermal expansion anisotropy was revealed, with the thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) along a-axis, c-axis, and the average value, equal to αa=8.55(5) μK−1, αc=10.23(5) μK−1, and αL=9.14(5) μK−1, respectively. The dilation along the c-axis was mainly dominated by out-plane V-P bonds between layered slabs. According to the pressure-dependent lattice parameters, the polycrystalline bulk modulus (B0 = 185(9) GPa) and high compressibility anisotropy factor (Ba/Bc = 1.64) was found. Meanwhile, the second-order elastic constants were calculated, and the elastic moduli, E=303 GPa, B=198 GPa, G=122 GPa, and ν = 0.246, were obtained. And the weak connection between layer slabs by out-plane V1-P bond was revealed by the bond stiffness model, with a bond stiffness close to the M-A bond in MAX phases. Furthermore, good damage tolerance capability was predicted according to Paugh's ratio (G/B=0.616) and Cauchy pressure (Pa = 0 GPa, Pc = -7.5 GPa), even better than those of typical MAX phases. The discovery of V8P6C provides a new member of MAX-phase-like damage-tolerant ceramic with relatively low density, moderate thermal expansion, and anisotropic compressibility, and the unique layered structure is inspiring for exploring new layered ternary ceramics.

Study on the Evolution Behavior of Humidity Fields in Cement Concrete Pavements of a Coastal Airport During Early Stages in Humid and Hot Areas.

Airport pavements are prone to early defects during the construction phase, and their early performance during the construction phase is significantly affected by the external temperature field. This article takes the concrete pavement of Xiamen Xiang'an New Airport as an example and uses a three-dimensional (3D) humidity simulation program for cement concrete pavement to study the evolution behavior of the early stage humidity field of the pavement in a humid and hot climate environment. The results indicate that the evolution law of the humidity field of the concrete pavement slab was consistent with the environmental field, presenting a 24 h periodic variation. The environmental field had a significant impact on the humidity of the surface layer of the pavement slab, and the humidity decreased rapidly with time. There was a humidity gradient on both the horizontal plane and the cutting plane of the slab, the horizontal humidity was concentrated from the boundary into the middle of the slab, and the sectional humidity was concentrated from the top to the bottom of the slab. Environmental parameters, construction parameters, and material and structural parameters all influenced humidity through humidity exchange or by changing the saturated vapor pressure inside the slab. The humidity field was most sensitive to environmental humidity and maintenance methods, but less sensitive to material parameters and structural parameters. Through analysis, it is advisable to avoid hot seasons, choose periods of increased environmental humidity, adopt appropriate maintenance methods during construction to reduce humidity stress on the slab, and therefore decrease early stage deterioration and improve service life.

A Depth‐Averaged Material Point Method for Shallow Landslides: Applications to Snow Slab Avalanche Release

AbstractShallow landslides pose a significant threat to people and infrastructure. Despite significant progress in the understanding of such phenomena, the evaluation of the size of the landslide release zone, a crucial input for risk assessment, still remains a challenge. While often modeled based on limit equilibrium analysis, finite or discrete elements, continuum particle‐based approaches like the Material Point Method (MPM) have more recently been successful in modeling their full 3D elasto‐plastic behavior. In this paper, we develop a depth‐averaged Material Point Method (DAMPM) to efficiently simulate shallow landslides over complex topography based on both material properties and terrain characteristics. DAMPM is a rigorous mechanical framework which is an adaptation of MPM with classical shallow water assumptions, thus enabling large‐deformation elasto‐plastic modeling of landslides in a computationally efficient manner. The model is here demonstrated on the release of snow slab avalanches, a specific type of shallow landslides which release due to crack propagation within a weak layer buried below a cohesive slab. Here, the weak layer is considered as an external shear force acting at the base of an elastic‐brittle slab. We verify our model against previous analytical calculations and numerical simulations of the classical snow fracture experiment known as Propagation Saw Test. Furthermore, large scale simulations are conducted to investigate cross‐slope crack propagation and the complex interplay between weak layer dynamic failure and slab fracture. In addition, these simulations allow us to evaluate and discuss the shape and size of avalanche release zones over different topographies. Given the low computational cost compared to 3D MPM, we expect our work to have important operational applications in hazard assessment, in particular for the evaluation of release areas, a crucial input for geophysical mass flow models. Our approach can be easily adapted to simulate both the initiation and dynamics of various shallow landslides, debris and lava flows, glacier creep and calving.

Falling weight deflectometer dispersion curve method for pavement modulus calculation.

The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test is a common non-destructive testing method for evaluating the structural capacity of pavements. At present, data processing of the FWD test mainly focuses on the deflection data, while paying less attention to the deflection-time history. Because a FWD is equipped with impulse loads and geophones, which allow for the generation and capture of surface wave signal propagation, it is hypothesized that Rayleigh wave dispersion theory can be applied to calculate the modulus profile along the pavement depth by analysing the dispersive properties of the deflection signal measured during FWD tests. To test this hypothesis, we develop a new methodology for the FWD test and data analysis, referred to as the FWD dispersion curve method. We first introduce the concept of the new method, followed by an illustration of the procedure and the experimental set-up. Case studies on three concrete pavement segments are then presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the FWD dispersion curve method. Modifications to the existing FWD device are further recommended for the impact loading sources and signal collection process so that the modulus of a much shallower layer, such as the concrete slab and upper asphalt layers, can be obtained. This article is part of the theme issue 'Artificial intelligence in failure analysis of transportation infrastructure and materials'.

Assessment of Impact Strength of Two-layer Fibrous Concrete Slab Using Polypropylene & Steel Fiber with Mineral Admixture

Introduction. The impact strength through of Two-layer (600 mm × 600 mm × 60 mm) concrete slab was experimentally investigated by the following method using Weight falling test (ACI committee 544). Result. Nine numbers of slab specimens were cast (S1 to S9), with one specimen (S1) was normal plain cement concrete slab (control specimen). The purpose of the study, The addition of Polypropylene fibre (PPF) in the top 30 mm depth of the slab was from 0.2 % to 0.8 % in step of 0.2 % and the addition of hooked end steel fibre (SF) in the bottom 30 mm depth of the slab was from 0.5 % to 2 % in step of 0.5 % for the other two layered slab specimens (S2 to S9). Also, a fixed 20 % (out of the total requirement of the binder) of mineral admixture namely Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) was used as a partial replacement of binder in all the slab specimens. Each specimen was tested under weight falling test. The number of blows required to obtain final crack failures in specimens was 30, 98, 168, 125, 252, 102, 153, 245 and 46 respectively for S1 to S9. Conclusions. The comparative analysis of crack pattern and impact strength of 2-layer fibre reinforced concrete slab specimens (S2 to S9) were presented. The performance of slab specimen S5 was the best among other slab specimen and it had absorbed more impact energy and controlled crack less than the normal plain cement concrete slab specimen (S1).

Study of the moving multilayer slab acted by oblique incidence electromagnetic wave using the transfer matrix method

The boundary conditions of the moving layered medium are analyzed and the expressions of electromagnetic field are deduced. The reflection and transmission coefficients in fixed coordinates are obtained by using the covariance characteristic of Maxwell Equations. It is very complicated to apply boundary conditions many times in analyzing a multi-layer slab. In this paper, the results obtained from the boundary conditions of single-layer slab are analogous with those obtained by the transfer matrix method. Through improvement and generalization, the transfer matrix method can be used to calculate the moving multi-layer slabs. It can be applied to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients of one-dimensional moving photonic crystal as well as deal with TM and TE polarization for the oblique incident. The zero reflection points of TM and TE polarization for layered slab are calculated. The results calculated in this study are matching well with the reference. It shows that the reflection oscillation enhances with the increase of [Formula: see text] and layer number, while the changing rule of reflections about TM polarization is relatively complex. The reflections of both TE wave and TM wave are all related to the incidence angle.

Analysis of transmission performance on wireless power transfer system with metamaterial

Abstract In order to solve the problems of low power transfer efficiency (PTE) and limited distance in magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) technology. In this paper, based on the magnetic field control ability of metamaterials (MMs), the way to improve the performance of MCR-WPT systems is studied. First, the influence of MMs on the coupling of MCR-WPT system is theoretically analyzed by establishing an equivalent circuit model. Through a series of simulations and experiments, the relationships between the PTE and the array and placement of the MM slab are investigated. The results demonstrate that when one MM slab is placed in the middle, near the Tx coil or the Rx coil, the optimal PTE can be obtained by inserting one slab with $6 \times 6$ , $1 \times 1$ , and $6 \times 6$ arrays, respectively. Moreover, the systems with multilayer MM slabs are also studied. The measured PTEs on one, two, and three layers of MM slabs can increase by 20.6%, 29.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. The efficiency improvement capability of one MM slab is better than three slabs but worse than two slabs. This paper discusses the application of MMs in MCR-WPT systems, which has a certain reference significance.

Isolated Pb adstructures on Ge(1 0 0) slabs with variable thickness

The adsorption of an isolated monomer (1 Pb adatom), dimer (2 Pb adatoms), and infinite Pb 1D chain on the Ge(100) oriented slabs of different thickness are studied using density functional theory. It was found that the energetically most favourable atomic configurations of the Pb monomers are independent of the slab thickness. On the other hand, the alternative monomer structure with Pb adatom located between two Ge-up atoms from adjacent dimer rows depends considerably on the slab thickness – the structural and electronic structures of this monomer obtained with the use of 6 and 12 layers slab are very different. The geometry and electronic structure of the parallel inter-dimer-row configuration of Pb on Ge(100) surface are reliably reproduced by relatively thin asymmetric slabs, however, structural and electronic properties of the perpendicular inter-dimer-row configuration of Pb are quite sensitive to the number of layers in the slab.

Current shear and turbulence during a near-inertial wave

Surface currents and turbulent mixing were observed during a near-inertial wave (NIW) using an accousting doppler current profiler (ADCP) and satellite-tracked drifters. Drifter trajectories sampled at three depth levels show characteristics of an Ekman solution superposed with the NIW. Velocity and dissipation estimates from the ADCP reveal strong shear with a distinct constant flux layer in between the roughness length and a critical depth at 4m. Below, a shear free slab layer performing an inertial oscillation is observed. Dissipation, as estimated from the vertical beam of the ADCP, peaks in the wave-enhanced friction layer when the current opposes the wind and wave direction. Below the constant flux layer, maximum turbulence is observed when the NIW is in a phase that is in opposite direction to the time-averaged current. During this phase, currents at various depths rapidly realign in the entire boundary layer.

High-velocity projectile impact resistance of reinforced concrete slabs with ultra-high performance concrete strengthening - A numerical study

This paper adopted numerical simulations to explore the high-velocity projectile impact (HVPI) performance of 180 mm thick reinforced concrete (RC) slabs with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) strengthening. Finite-element modelling of the RC slab and UHPC layer subjected to HVPI was firstly performed to verify the numerical model related to the local damage and projectile residual velocity. Then, the slab configuration parameters concerning the steel rebar layer number and grid size in the UHPC layer, the spacing between the RC slab and UHPC layer, and the layout positions of the UHPC layer were investigated to determine the optimal strengthening strategy to resist projectile perforation. The numerical results demonstrated that snugly placing the UHPC layer without steel rebars upon the impact face of the RC slab was the most effective and efficient strengthening strategy. With the optimal slab configuration, the influences resulting from the unconfined compressive strength of UHPC, projectile mass and nose shape on the projectile perforation of UHPC strengthened RC slabs were explored. For each influencing factor, the relations between the projectile residual velocity and UHPC layer thickness were obtained at various projectile striking velocities. In the light of the simulated data, an empirical formula was established to estimate the ballistic limit of the 180 mm thick RC slab with UHPC strengthening..

A closed-form model for layered snow slabs

Abstract. We propose a closed-form analytical model for the mechanical behavior of stratified snow covers for the purpose of investigating and predicting the physical processes that lead to the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches. We represent the system of a stratified snow slab covering a collapsible weak layer by a beam composed of an arbitrary number of layers supported by an anisotropic elastic foundation in a two-dimensional plane-strain model. The model makes use of laminate mechanics and provides slab deformations, stresses in the weak layer, and energy release rates of weak-layer anticracks in real time. The quantities can be used in failure models of avalanche release. The closed-form solution accounts for the layering-induced coupling of bending and extension in the slab and of shear and normal stresses in the weak layer. It is validated against experimentally recorded displacement fields and a comprehensive finite-element model indicating very good agreement. We show that layered slabs cannot be homogenized into equivalent isotropic bodies and reveal the impact of layering on bridging with respect to weak-layer stresses and energy release rates. It is demonstrated that inclined propagation saw tests allow for the determination of mixed-mode weak-layer fracture toughnesses. Our results suggest that such tests are dominated by mode I when cut upslope and comprise significant mode II contributions when cut downslope. A Python implementation of the presented model is publicly available as part of the Weak Layer Anticrack Nucleation Model (WEAC) software package under https://github.com/2phi/weac (last access: 28 March 2023) and https://pypi.org/project/weac (last access: 28 March 2023, Rosendahl and Weißgraeber, 2022).

Dyadic Green’s function for a topological insulator stratified sphere

We construct the dyadic Green’s functions (DGFs) for a topological insulator (TI) stratified sphere within the framework of axion electrodynamics. For these DGFs, the additional expansion coefficients are included to account for the axion coupling effect. With the application of these DGFs, we derive the formulation of light scattering from a dipole near a TI stratified sphere. In our numerical studies, we give three types of configurations (a metal-coated TI sphere, a metal-TI-metal-coated TI sphere and an alternating metal-TI stratified sphere) to investigate how the topological magneto-electric (TME) response of the TI sphere (shells) influences on the multipolar plasmonic resonance of the metal shells. For these types, the results show that the TME effect causes some modifications of the decay rate spectrum for an emitting dipole near a TI stratified sphere. For the multipolar resonances of the metal shells, it is observed that the TME-induced red-shifts for the bonding and lower order antibonding modes are found but those for the higher order antibonding modes are insignificant. In addition, for a metal-coated TI sphere, we take into account the effects of losses in the TI core of which the dielectric function is chosen to be the form of the bulk or five quintuple layers (5QL) slab and then the some modifications of the TME-induced decay rate spectrum are obviously suppressed. These phenomenological characteristics provide useful guidance to probing the TME effect via molecular fluorescence experiments.

Nanocrystalline Sulfided NiMoW Catalyst Supported on Mesoporous Aluminas for the Hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene

Tri-metallic NiMoW catalysts prepared by impregnating mesoporous aluminas (pore sizes of ~9 nm and surface areas of ~225 m2/g) obtained by sol-gel (NiMoW/Al) and hydrothermal (NiMoW/AlHYDT) processes were investigated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) at H2 pressures of 1 MPa and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The supports and catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The NiMoW/AlHYDT catalyst, which was the most active in both test HDS reactions, was characterized by a pore size of 7.5 nm, whereas the pore size of the catalyst on sol-gel alumina (NiMoW/Al) was only 4.8 nm. Moreover, the NiMoW/AlHYDT catalyst exhibited reduction peaks shifted to a lower temperature during TPR, indicating weaker metal support interactions, a higher degree of Mo (79%) and W (48%) sulfidation, and an optimal layer slab length distribution of Mo(W)S2 nanocrystals preferentially between 2–4 nm with an average layer stacking of 1.7 compared to the NiMoW/Al counterpart.

Finite Element Analysis on Inclusion Migration during Hot-Rolling Process of Ultralow Carbon Steel

Slivers on the surface of rolled plates, which are serious defects for interstitial-free (IF) steel, occur mainly as a result of inclusions in continuous casting (CC) slabs. It is, therefore, important to study inclusions in CC slabs in terms of their migration towards the surface during hot rolling. To investigate inclusion migration during the hot rolling of ultralow carbon steel, a 3D numerical model was constructed using the finite element method. The positions of the inclusions in the surface layer of an IF steel slab (50 mm) were tracked during hot rolling using a node-tracking method. Furthermore, the study analyzed the effects of scarfing on inclusion migration during hot rolling and inclusion distribution in a hot-rolled plate. During the hot-rolling process, inclusions in the wide faces of the intermediate slab gradually migrated to the surface of the intermediate slab. Owing to a thickness reduction, accumulation areas of inclusions were finally generated at the edge of the hot-rolled plate; these areas may lead to sliver defects. The scarfing of the slab did not affect the distribution of inclusions in the hot-rolled plate; however, it may have reduced the inclusion content in the outermost layers of the hot-rolled plate. The inclusions were mainly located within 1 mm underneath the hot-rolled plate. Moreover, the inclusions near the inner arc of the CC slab were concentrated within 1.5 mm of the upper plate surface. Using galvanostatic electrolysis, the number of large inclusions in samples prepared from a hot-rolled plate obtained from a plant was measured. The measurements agreed well with the numerical model predictions, which validated the FE model in the current work.