OCTA-based evaluation of retinal microvascular and structural changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome before and after treatment.

Innovative hybrid deposition enables high-performance TiCx coatings on soft elastomeric substrates

The effect of microstructural, compositional, and rheology-based properties of universal adhesive systems on bond strength.

Dual TSHR/IGF-1Rα electroporation induces progressive orbital remodeling and retinochoroidal alterations in a murine model of thyroid eye disease.

Investigation into the influence and mechanism of influent characteristics on clogging material in vertical flow constructed wetlands.

Micro-discharge evolution in constant voltage bipolar PEO process on ZL101 Al-Si alloy monitored by acoustic emission technique.

Stabilizing potassium ion batteries with RGO coated cathode architectures

Optical coherence tomography measurements between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Retinal structural and vascular alterations in diabetic kidney disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

This study presents a novel methodology for applying Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy to analyze the electrical properties of dissolvable powders, when applied as a coating layer to quantify their thickness and moisture content. To address challenges posed by undefined geometries, powders were dissolved and applied as coatings on custom-designed Printed Circuit Board electrodes. Using sodium benzoate as a model material, the drying process was monitored in off-line measurements, revealing distinct transitions in electrical properties. Impedance and phase angle measurements effectively tracked moisture reduction during drying, while coating thickness and solution concentration also influenced conductivity. The findings demonstrate the potential of this approach for industrial applications, such as fluidized bed spray granulation, by enabling real-time monitoring of drying states. • Developed a novel method for coating layer characterization using IS. • Correlated moisture content and coating layer thickness to electrical properties. • Demonstrated potential for monitoring of fluidized bed spray granulation.

In situ rheological monitoring of diffusion-controlled hydrogel crosslinking for embedded 3D bioprinting

Simultaneous measurement methods for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of solid-liquid interfaces and bulk liquids have been developed. The O K-edge XAS spectra of H2O/Au interfaces and bulk H2O were measured using a transmission-type liquid cell, in which the liquid layer was sandwiched between Au/Cr/Si3N4 and Si3N4 membranes. The XAS spectrum of bulk H2O was obtained using the transmission method by controlling the thickness of the liquid layer, whereas the XAS spectrum of the H2O/Au interface was obtained using the electron-yield method by measuring the drain currents from the Au surface after soft X-ray absorption. The XAS spectra of bulk H2O and the H2O/Au interfaces were differentiated to determine the appropriate measurement conditions for the solid-liquid interfaces interfaces.

Rubber-iron interface separation using liquid nitrogen for material selective recycling and its mechanism.

Macular edema (ME) is a leading cause of visual impairment associated with various retinal pathologies. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides high-resolution imaging, allowing detailed assessment of ME patterns and structural changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and characteristics of ME across different etiologies using SD-OCT. This cross-sectional observational study included patients with ME from diverse etiologies. SD-OCT was used to assess central macular thickness, retinal volume, cystoid spaces (CS), epiretinal membrane (ERM), hyperreflective foci, and disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL). A total of 54% of the study participants were female, with a mean age of 57 years. Diabetes mellitus (50.4%) was the most common etiology, followed by retinal vein occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, ERM, and inflammatory causes. CS were observed in 49.6% of cases, and DRIL in 48%. Severe visual impairment was more frequent in diabetic and vaso-occlusive cases. SD-OCT effectively identifies structural patterns in ME across etiologies, assisting in diagnosis and management planning.

Various gamma-ray energies attenuation features of boro-lead-telluride glass-ceramic: An experimental study.

To identify and characterize clinically meaningful phenotypic subtypes of POAG using unsupervised clustering of multimodal clinical data. This retrospective cohort study included 4274 eyes from 4274 patients aged ≥40 years with POAG. Twenty-one clinical features encompassing visual field indices and progression slopes, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve head parameters, and IOP level and variability were analyzed. Hierarchical clustering, K-means, and fuzzy C-means algorithms were applied, with stability assessed via internal validation metrics and visual field archetypal analysis. Five reproducible POAG phenotypes were identified The. k-means and fuzzy C-means performed best (Calinski-Harabasz 731.76 and 731.43; Davies-Bouldin 1.59 and 1.60), with excellent pairwise agreement between them (κ = 0.97) compared with moderate agreement with hierarchical clustering (κ ≈ 0.55), and high overall stability (mean Adjusted Rand Index, 0.98 ± 0.02). Clusters 1 and 2 represented mild, stable phenotypes (mean deviation [MD] slopes of +0.14 and +0.10 dB/year), differing primarily in IOP burden. Cluster 3 showed structural-functional dissociation-significant RNFL thinning (71.40 ± 8.14 µm) despite limited functional progression (MD slope +0.08 dB/year). Cluster 4 exhibited the most aggressive course, with rapid functional decline (MD slope of -0.98 ± 0.58 dB/year), greatest IOP variability (3.88 ± 1.82 mmHg), and advanced structural loss (RNFL 64.44 ± 10.05 µm). Cluster 5 demonstrated advanced baseline damage (MD of -15.28 ± 4.72 dB; RNFL, 62.87 ± 9.53 µm) with relative longitudinal stability. Visual field archetypes aligned with cluster-specific severity. Multimodal clustering identifies distinct POAG phenotypes, supporting improved risk stratification and targeted management.

Quantitative Analysis of Choroidal Thickness and Blood Flow in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Using Ultra-Widefield Swept-Source OCT Angiography.

• Deposition methods govern the electrochemical performance of modified electrode • Structured protocol links electrode surface characterization to electrochemistry • Inkjet printing yields uniform functionalization versus drop-casting on electrodes • Coverage uniformity and layer thickness explain impedance and voltammetric response • Electrochemical response follows accessible active sites, not deposited mass The performance of functionalized electrochemical sensors is commonly linked to the intrinsic properties of the material used for electrode surface modification. However, the role of the deposition method itself is often overlooked, even though it critically defines the interfacial structure and batch-to-batch reproducibility. In addition, electrode functionalization is rarely accompanied by comprehensive surface characterization, which limits mechanistic interpretation and transferability of results. Here, we introduce a structured, multiscale characterization framework that isolates how deposition methods define the electrochemical interface on printed electrodes. A commercial screen-printed carbon electrode platform was functionalized with nitrogen-doped graphene acid using conventional drop-casting and inkjet printing as a controlled deposition strategy. Complementary local and electrode-scale analyses were used to quantify film homogeneity, thickness distribution, microtopography, wetting behavior, and coating integrity. These interfacial descriptors were systematically correlated with electrochemical performance using impedance spectroscopy and voltammetric benchmarking. Inkjet printing produced thin, laterally uniform coatings with enhanced wetting and significantly reduced electrode-to-electrode variability. In contrast, drop-casting resulted in edge-enriched films dominated by coffee-ring drying and pronounced interfacial heterogeneity. The electrochemical response was governed by the spatial accessibility and distribution of the functional layer rather than by the nominal deposited mass. This positions deposition technique among primary design parameters in electrochemical sensor development. The framework presented here provides a practical characterization and reporting protocol that supports reproducible and mechanistically interpretable optimization of functionalized electrochemical interfaces. Electrochemical performance is governed by how a functional layer is structured and coupled to the electrode: continuity, electronic connectivity, and mechanical robustness determine kinetics and reproducibility. Spatially resolved, complementary interface characterization is essential to translate surface architecture into reliable device performance.

Non-contact characterization of thermal barrier coating plates using laser-based zero group velocity modes.

This study aimed to explore prognostic factors for predicting ellipsoid zone integrity and its association with angiographic leakage and optical coherence tomography biomarkers at baseline. In this multicenter retrospective study, resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) eyes with perifoveal angiographic leak at baseline were included. Baseline demographics, clinical features, and anonymized imaging data, including fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography were collected. The leakage site was identified on fluorescein angiography, and its corresponding location on optical coherence tomography was analyzed for structural changes and photoreceptor outer segment elongation. Central macular thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, Haller layer thickness, and Haller index (Haller layer thickness/subfoveal choroidal thickness) were measured at baseline and follow-up. Ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity after resolution was classified as continuous, discontinuous, and atrophic. Eighty four eyes with resolved CSCR were included. Longer symptom duration ( P = 0.032) and complex CSCR ( P = 0.04) were associated with a higher likelihood of atrophic EZ. Significant reductions in central macular thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and Haller layer thickness were observed in all groups, whereas the Haller index significantly reduced only in continuous EZ. Multinominal regression showed significant association between complex CSCR and atrophic EZ. Longer symptom duration, complex CSCR, and irregular photoreceptor outer segment thickening are associated with increased risk of EZ atrophy in resolved CSCR. Identifying these risk factors early may help predict visual outcomes and guide patient counselling.