Lawsonia Inermis Research Articles

In Vivo Antitrypanosomal Activities of Methanolic Extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Leaves on Trypanosome Brucei Infected Wistar Rat

Background: Trypanosomiasis is a major disease affecting both humans and animals. Nearly 30000 individuals in various countries of sub-Saharan Africa have African trypanosomiasis, which leads to approximately 21000 deaths annually. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-trypanocidal effects of Lawsonia inermis (LI) in rats infected with Trypanosome Brucei. Methods: Thirty rats were allotted to groups (1-5), six rats each: Group 1 (negative control), 2 (tryps control), 3 (diminazene [DA] 7 mg/kg), 4 (LI at 200 mg/kg) and 5 (DA+LI). All rats in groups (2-5) were infected with 3×106 Trypanosoma brucei per milliliter of blood. Results: The percentage weight gain of rats in the DA extract combination group showed increased weight gain (6.3%) compared to tryps-control. DA showed significant weight gain compared to the negative control. The survivability rate showed that the DA, LI and DA+LI combinations survived for 14 days without visible relapse. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelet and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased significantly in the extract-treated groups. In contrast, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased significantly. Lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils showed significantly more growth than those in the control group. Globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen increased non-significantly. Creatinine and total bilirubin levels were significantly decreased compared to those in the untreated control. LI significantly increased glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased MDA and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1, 6 and 12) compared to the untreated control groups. Conclusion: LI reduced parasitemia in the transient phase, and the drug-extract combination cleared parasitemia quickly.

Natural Dye as an Alternative to Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining on Histological Preparations

Hematoxylin-eosin is widely utilized in the field of animal microtechniques. However, the need to develop alternative dyes from natural sources such as plants has gained attention. Several studies have shown that many plants contain secondary metabolites with the potential to be developed as natural dyes. Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Syzygium cumini are promising candidates as alternative dyes for hematoxylin, while Lawsonia inermis and Hibiscus sabdariffa have shown potential as substitute dyes for eosin. These plants contain various secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, chlorophyll, betalains, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones, and resins. L. cyanescens exhibits a strong binding affinity to cells and tissues, particularly testicular tissue. Dyes derived from Syzygium cumini have been shown to provide a good staining result for rat liver cells. In contrast, dyes from Lawsonia inermis can stain cytoplasmic components and muscle fibers. Additionally, the dye from Hibiscus sabdariffa is capable of staining various biological components, including sperm, nerve cells, and blood cells. The dye preparation process involved extraction from different plant organs, such as leaves, flowers, and fruit. These findings suggest that secondary metabolites from these four plants hold significant potential for development as natural dyes to replace hematoxylin-eosin in histological applications.

Phytochemistry, Evaluation of Biological Activities and Cytotoxicity of Leaves and Seeds of the Plant Lawsonia inermis

Lawsonia inermis, with its many synonyms including its unfixed size and pyramid-shaped, grey seeds, is a plant with many therapeutic virtues in traditional and pharmacological medicine. Thus, this paper is about it and it is entitled Phytochemical study, evaluation of the biological activity and cytotoxicity of the leaves and seeds of the plant Lawsonia inermis. This showed that the seeds are richer than the leaves in terms of metabolites for all the organic solvents used, and in terms of biological activity. Antioxidant activity tests showed that the IC50s of ethanolic and acetone extracts from seeds, at 0.05 and 0.104 mg/mL respectively, were higher than those of leaf extracts. The same analysis was made with the antibacterial activity evaluated with acetone extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, where resistance was noted uniquely on Staphylococcus with acetone leaf extract and for Escherichia coli. And the largest inhibition zone diameters were for acetone seed extract, with a diameter of 19 mm on Enterococcus faecalis. Finally, the ethanolic seed extract outperformed the ethanolic leaf extract in the study of cytotoxicity on Hep3B and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma and HepaRG hepatocellular carcinoma cells, even though the leaf extract showed a good selectivity index (SI) on Hep3B and Huh7 cells.

Potential of Henna Leaf (Lawsonia inermis) Extract as a Natural Alternative to Safranin in the Differential Staining of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi

Increased environmental awareness among commercial dyes and textile exporters is shifting attention to the use of natural dyes pigments in foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and textile products. This is because synthetic dyes are relatively expensive and cause reactions such as allergies or are carcinogenic which are potentially harmful to the environment and human health. One of the natural dyes that is usually used in staining is henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis). This study aims to determine the potential of henna leaves extract in staining Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative to observe the effectiveness of henna leaves extract in staining bacteria with an experimental method that aims to compare the results of staining between safranin control and henna leaves extract. Based on the research conducted, it was found that only henna leaves extract with a concentration of 100% was able to staining Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria like safranin with brown color, while the results of henna leaves extract oxidized using potassium permanganate and sodium carbonate could not dyeing the two bacteria properly and clearly. So further research is needed on Lawsonia inermis leaves extract to be able to dyeing other bacteria.

Exploring herbal remedies for hair care: A review of medicinal plants and their benefits

Hair care is an essential aspect of personal grooming, and many people seek natural remedies to promote hair growth, prevent hair loss, and maintain healthy hair. This review highlights the potential of herbal plants in hair care, focusing on their bioactive compounds, benefits, and uses. Plants like Amla (Emblica officinalis), Bhringraj (Eclipta alba), Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Shikakai (Acacia concinna), Onion (Allium cepa), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) have been traditionally used to promote hair growth, reduce dandruff, and improve hair texture. These plants contain various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and antioxidants, which contribute to their hair care benefits. The review discusses the use of these plants in hair care and their potential as natural remedies for hair-related issues.

A Novel and Reliable Analysis Method Utilizing Hennosides to Improve the Quality Assessment of Lawsonia inermis L. Material Used in Cosmetic Formulations

Lawsonia inermis L. is renowned for its hair dyeing properties, with henna quality and safety often regulated by restrictions on the lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) content. In henna leaves, lawsone exists as glycosylated precursors, hennosides A, B, and C. Aqueous maceration revealed the sensitivity of enzymatic lawsone release, while ethanol extraction inhibited β-glucosidase activity, enabling controlled hennoside extraction. Hennoside A was isolated via RP-column chromatography and characterized using ESI-TOF, 1H-/13C-NMR, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC. The purified compound proved suitable as an HPLC reference standard. The acidic hydrolysis of hennoside-rich extracts highlighted the limitations of lawsone-based analysis, underscoring glycosylated precursors as more reliable quality markers. Lawsone quantification via enzymatic or acid catalysis demonstrated varying accuracy in quality control. A hennoside-based approach ensures consistency by estimating the maximum releasable lawsone without inducing its formation, providing a more robust metric for a henna quality assessment.

Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Henna (Lawsonia inermis) Leaves Extract (Aqueous) with Commercial Antifungal Drug by Disc Diffusion Method against Canine Fungal Dermatitis

This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal activity of aqueous henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaf extract compared to ketoconazole and itraconazole using the disc diffusion method in canine fungal dermatitis. Isolated fungi, including Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Microsporum species, were tested, demonstrating varied inhibition zones. The zone of inhibition against penicillium spp was 24mm, for ketoconazole, 14mm for itraconazole, and 18mm for aqueous henna leaf extract. For Aspergillus spp 22mm for ketoconazole, 15 for itraconazole, and 17 for aqueous henna leaf extract in the same way for Microsporum spp 23mm for ketoconazole, 18 mm for itraconazole, and 16mm for aqueous henna leaf extract. For Curvularia spp, 30mm for ketoconazole and for Malasezzia spp, 28mm for ketoconazole. Henna extract exhibited significant antifungal effects comparable to conventional drugs, particularly against Penicillium and Aspergillus species. This suggests henna's potential as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for fungal infections in canines. Further research is warranted to optimize concentration and explore its broader applicability in veterinary dermatology, potentially offering a natural and effective therapeutic option against fungal dermatitis in dogs.

Proximate analysis of Leaves extract of the plant Lawsonia Inermis L. Plant from Karanja Lad

Abstract: The proximate analysis of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves was carried out to find their nutritional and chemical composition. The study aimed to find out the moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, and carbohydrate levels using standard analytical procedures. The results obtained from this study indicated that Lawsonia inermis L. leaves possess a high moisture content, moderate solubility in organic solvents. The ash content shows the presence of essential minerals. These findings provide critical insights into the nutritional profile and bioactive capability of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves, which are widely recognized for their medicinal and cosmetic applications. The study underscores the significance of proximate analysis in understanding the nutritional value and potential health benefits of medicinal plants. Key Words: Proximate Analysis, Lawsonia inermis L. plant.

Gastroprotective Effect and Anti-Apoptotic Role of Lawsonia inermis Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Sprague Dawley

Lawsonia inermis (LI) or henna has been traditionally used since antiquity for cosmetics, medicinal and healing purposes including wound healing. Even so, the proof of the gastroprotective consequences of LI is inadequate while the pharmacological mechanisms continue to be scarce. The purpose of this research was to examine the acute toxicity and gastroprotective activities of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves ethanol:water (80:20) extract (LILEW) in contrast to ethanol-induced gastric ulcers within rats. The acute oral toxicity experiment was performed using Sprague Dawley female rats (n=6) for low dose (2000 mg/kg), and high dose (5000 mg/kg) as well as vehicle (distilled water). The gastroprotective result of LILEW was performed in an ethanol-induced ulcer inside Sprague Dawley rats (n=6). The animals were distributed among five groups namely ulcer control, normal control, drug control-omeprazole, high dose, and low dose of LILEW (500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, respectively). Acute toxicity experiments with LILEW on the rats did not demonstrate any signs of mortality and toxicity up to 5 g/kg suggesting that LILEW is safe to consume. The gastroprotective effect of LILEW at doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, as well as omeprazole (20 mg/kg), showed significant rates of inhibition as much as 70.50±1.38% (drug control), 66.67±1.42% (low dose of LILEW) and 68.45±1.53% (high dose of LILEW) of rats attenuated gastric lesions that were generated by ethanol. In conclusion, these findings confirmed that Lawsonia inermis L. leaves ethanol: water extract is safe to consume and able to protect against gastric ulcers.

Antibacterial Evaluation, In Silico Study and ADMET Properties of Local Lawsonia inermis Leaves Extract

Plant extracts are important in the treatment of many bacterial infections, including henna extracts. Pharmacognosy have become an alternative to traditional medications because of a synergistic effect in combating bacterial infections and no multiple side effects. This investigation examined the antibacterial efficacy of Lawsonia inermis acetone extract against bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and wounds, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. To isolate the pathogenic bacteria (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and E. coli), clinical pathogenic samples were obtained. Acetone extract of Lawsonia inermis leaves was produced using Soxhlet extraction and the solution of solid extract was investigated by the cork borer technique which gave an inhibitory zone of 18 to 22 mm against the four species of bacteria. 16 phytocompounds (1a–1p) were identified in the extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC–MS) peak area percentage (10.66-1.72%). The analysis of phytochemicals using molecular docking simulations of their antibacterial potential revealed binding affinities of – 4.38 to – 7.83 kcal/mol, – 4.67 to – 7.47 kcal/mol, – 5.06 to – 9.07 and – 4.41 to – 7.30 kcal/mol against the dihydropteroate synthase and gyrase B 24kDa proteins of E. coli, and TyrRS and gyrase B proteins of S. aureus, respectively. The extract phytochemicals were subjected to physicochemical parameters evaluation: ADMET predictions. Pharmacokinetic prediction indicates fewer adverse effects. The extract has potential antimicrobial activity, with higher levels of clinical safety based on ADMET predictions.

Biosorption of crystal violet by B/nZVCu-Zn nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis in aqueous medium

In this study, an enhanced nano adsorbent has been designed using Bentonite supported Copper-Zinc nanoparticles synthesised using Lawsonia inermis (B/nZVCu-Zn) and adsorption of crystal violet (CV) removal from water. Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles were prepared by green reduction method. The reaction was completed within 7±0.58 minutes. The physical properties and the nanoparticle formation was confirmed by various methods. The experimental result reveals that the nano-adsorbent (B/nZVCu-Zn) showed significant removal percentage of 82 % with dosage of 0.01 g. With respect to the monolayer adsorption, the maximum adsorption capacity noted by B/nZVCu-Zn was 102.78 mg/g. The Langmuir and pseudo second-order models were noted to be appropriate. Removal capacity and reusability was noted up to third cycle. The final result shows that B/nZVCu-Zn might be used as an adsorbent for dye for water treatment.

Lawsonia inermis extract: Antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties

Henna, scientifically known as Lawsonia inermis, is long used for its therapeutic benefits in several civilisations. This study examines the antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties of the leaf extract from L. inermis. The phytochemical study indicated the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins. GC–Mass Spectrometry detected notable bioactive chemicals, including tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane. The extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, as evidenced by their values of 254.32 and 121.25%, as well as their high FRAP values, demonstrating their effective ability to scavenge radicals. The antibacterial effectiveness, assessed by the disc-diffusion technique, demonstrated substantial inhibition zones against both Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The MTT experiment exhibited significant anticancer efficacy against MCF‑7 breast cancer cell lines, with an IC50 value of 1.682 μg/mL. The results indicate that extracts from L. inermis contain significant bioactive substances that have the potential to be utilised in the development of innovative medications aimed at addressing oxidative stress, bacterial infections, and cancer.

Sustainable leather biocoloration using binary extract of plant wastes

The global attraction toward eco-friendly products, such as plant-based dyes, is rising due to their multiple benefits in alignment with green chemistry principles. This study has isolated the colorants from henna (Lawsonia inermis) and jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) leaves as a binary mixture using ultrasonic irradiation and biomordants to enhance colorfastness. Crust leather was dyed with a binary mixture of natural dyes isolated from henna and jujube leaves. Employing response surface methodology, where dyeing variables were selected through central composite design, was chosen through, and results were assessed through two-way analysis of variance. Results reveal that optimal color depth (K/S = 2.1509) was achieved with ultrasonic-treated leather stuff (40 min exposure) using 30 ml of irradiated aqueous extract (40 min) of 7 pH having 1.5 g/100 ml of sodium chloride as a leveling agent at 40°C for 30 min. After and before dyeing, biomordants from walnut, myrobalan, red sumac, and pomegranate at selected amounts have enhanced colorfastness ratings with high color yield onto the leather. It is concluded that ultrasonic technology for isolating dye and biomordant efficacy in sustainable dyeing processes for leather should be used to reduce effluent load and recycle plant waste as a binary coloring source.

Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna): A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Potential, Traditional Uses, and Commercial Applications

Lawsonia inermis L., commonly known as henna, is a multipurpose plant with centuries-old applications in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and rituals across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of its taxonomy, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, ethnomedicinal applications, and commercial significance. The plant’s bioactive constituents – including lawsone, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids – underpin its broad therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiabetic, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Despite extensive traditional use and emerging pharmacological validation, challenges remain regarding extract standardisation, clinical evaluation, and mechanistic understanding. This paper highlights the need for advanced studies, including clinical trials and bioavailability optimisation, to fully harness L. inermis as a scientifically validated phytopharmaceutical. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern research could elevate henna’s role in global healthcare while ensuring its sustainable utilisation.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal dry powder shampoo

In recent years, herbal cosmetics have gained significant popularity over synthetic alternatives due to growing awareness of the harmful effects associated with chemical-based products. Synthetic shampoos, which often contain artificial ingredients, may lead to adverse reactions such as hair damage, scalp irritation, and eye discomfort. In contrast, herbal formulations provide a safer and more natural alternative for hair care. The current study focuses on the development of a herbal dry powdered shampoo formulated using traditional medicinal plants known for their beneficial effects on hair and scalp health. The ingredients selected for this formulation include reetha (Sapindus mukorossi), amla (Emblica officinalis), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller), neem (Azadirachta indica), henna (Lawsonia inermis), bhringraj (Eclipta alba), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and shikakai (Acacia concinna). These herbs are well documented in Ayurvedic texts for their cleansing, antimicrobial, antifungal, conditioning, and hair strengthening properties. The powdered form of shampoo provides a convenient, waterless alternative for hair cleansing, making it especially useful for travel and areas with limited water access. The formulation process required meticulous drying, grinding, and mixing of the chosen herbal ingredients in the correct proportions. The final product was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, foaming ability, cleansing efficiency, and safety through laboratory testing. Results indicated that the herbal dry shampoo is effective in removing excess oil, reducing dandruff, strengthening hair roots, and minimizing hair fall without causing irritation. This herbal dry shampoo represents a promising natural solution for individuals seeking eco-friendly and safe hair care alternatives, combining traditional wisdom with modern formulation techniques.

Antibacterial Potential Test of Henna Leaf Extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) Against Edwardsiella ictaluri

One of the bacterial pathogens that is often a serious concern in freshwater fish farming is Edwardsiella ictaluri, a causative agent of Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Edwardsiella ictaluri which generally attacks catfish groups such as lele, patin, and sidat, but can also attack other species, such as tilapia. Therefore, alternative efforts are needed that are more environmentally friendly, safe for consumers, and do not trigger bacterial resistance. One of the plants that has the potential as a source of natural antibacterials is henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.). The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of henna leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) as an antibacterial against Edwardsiella ictaluri and to determine the concentration of henna leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) that is most effective in inhibiting the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria. The method used in this study was disc diffusion. Analysis was conducted by testing the data for normality, homogeneity, kruskall wallis test and continued with the Dunn test using SPSS software version 26. The concentration of henna leaf extract of 3%, 6%, 12%, 24% and 48% is known to be able to inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 10.45 mm, 11.73 mm, 13.25 mm, 14.51 mm and 16.85 mm respectively. Henna leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria with a strong category. A concentration of 48% is an effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri.

Unveiling the potentials of Lawsonia inermis L.: its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potentials.

Lawsonia inermis L., commonly known as henna, is a traditional medicinal Indian plant used for anti-dandruff and antifungal purposes. The plant is rich in phytochemicals and is believed to have significant bioactivity potential. However, limited information is available on the phytochemical compositions of L.inermis cultivars in Thailand. Therefore, this study aims to assess the phytochemical constituents and investigate the bioactivity of L. inermis extract. L. inermis leaf extracts were prepared by macerating in ethanol (HenE), methanol (HenM), chloroform (HenC), hexane (HenH), and water boiling (HenW). The phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to qualify polyphenolic contents. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Moreover, antibacterial activity was tested against two gram-positive and four gram-negative bacteria by the agar well diffusion and the broth dilution methods, and antifungal activity was carried out using the poisoned food technique. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the extracts against MDA-MB-231, SW480, A549 and A549RT-eto cancer cell lines was determined by using (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. The scratch wound healing assay was performed to determine the effect of anti-migration on A549 cells. Quantitative analysis revealed that HenE and HenM extracts had high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Gallic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, apigetrin, lawsone and quercetin were identified by HPLC. The HenE and HenM extracts exhibited strong antioxidant properties, and the extracts showed different inhibition growth against bacteria tested, especially B. cereus and S. aureus. In addition, all extracts had potential inhibitory activity to all fungal strains, especially HenE and Hen M, which exhibited strong antifungus activity against Penicillium sp. All extracts showed cytotoxic effects in the cell lines MDA-MB-231, SW480, A549 and A549RT-eto, except HenH. The HenE and HenM exhibited the best IC50 values of 57.33±5.56 µg/ml and 65.00±7.07 µg/ml against SW480 cells, respectively. The HenC, HenW, and HenH were found to suppress A549 cells migration. This study revealed that the L. inermis extracts, particularly those obtained from polar solvents (HenE and HenM), had a strong potency for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Our findings highlight the valuable biological properties of extracts that can be promoted through additional investigation into their applications in Thailand for medicinal and industrial purposes.

Green synthesizes of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) from Henna Leaf Extract (Lawsonia Inermis) and Its Chemical and Physical Properties as Photo-sensitizers in The DSSC

Abstract To substitute an expensive inorganic dye, we green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) from Henna leaf extract as photosensitizers in DSSC. Henna dye was macerated for 24 hours using ethanol and filtered. To synthesize AgNPs, 10 ml of Henna dye was added to 90 ml of AgNO3 solution (0.01 M, 0.05 M, and 0.3 M) and stirred. The FTIR analysis of the Henna dye showed three main Lawsone functional groups (O-H phenol, C=O, and C=C). As for AgNP, the new peak with high intensity emerged at a frequency of 1381 cm−1, indicating the existence of Ag. The FTIR results upheld by the diffractogram of the AgNP that showed the crystalline peak at the 2θ position of (29.5, 32.6, 38.0, and 44.1)° associated with Miller indices of [210],[122],[111], and [200], respectively. The evaporation process increases the crystallinity of the AgNP. The nanoparticle size increased from 124.8 nm to 189.1 nm with the AgNO3 concentration from 0.01M to 0.1M characterized by PSA. From the Henna dye absorbance spectrum, the peak at (238 and 370) nm originated from Lawsone molecules. AgNP showed the absorbance peak at 420 nm and 430 nm for unevaporated and evaporated Henna, respectively. These peaks’ intensity increased with the irradiation time of up to 72 hours, associated with the shift of the plasmon surface resonance to the lower energy. The energy gap ranges from (2.08-2.09) eV and (2.58-3.69) eV for Henna dye and AgNP, respectively. It is in the range for light harvester material in DSSC.

Fabrication and Characterization of Low-Cost Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) with Natural Light Absorbers of Henna-Based Natural Dye and N719 Mixtures

Abstract To reduce the production cost of DSSC, we fabricated DSSC with natural dye extracted from Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) using the maceration method and a mixture of Henna dye and N719 Ruthenium dye. For Henna dye (with and without evaporation), the TiO2 electrodes were immersed for a time variation of (24, 48, and 72) hours. For the mixture, the TiO2 electrodes were immersed for 24 hours with N719 concentration variation. The photovoltaic characteristics were measured using a standard solar simulator with a 100 mW/cm2 power input. For Henna dye, the current density (Jsc) increases from (0.65 to 0.67) mA/cm2, (0.68 to 0.75) mA/cm2, and (0.74 to 0.75) mA/cm2 for immersion time of (24, 48 and 72) hours respectively, when the dye solution was evaporated. The cells using unevaporated Henna for the mixture show better performance whereas the Jsc increased as much as 39.27%. The rise of N719 concentration from (0.1 to 0.2) mM and (0.2 to 0.3) mM increased the Jsc by 23.01% and 11.49% respectively. In contrast, the open circuit voltage (Voc) decreased by as much as (2.04, 1.5, and 3.85) %. The highest efficiency of 0.276% was obtained for the DSSC with dye from the mixture of unevaporated Henna and 0.3 mM N719.

Analysis of Photodegradation and Reaction Kinetics of Textile Organic Dyes on Caesalpinia Sappan, Lawsonia Inermis and Areca Catheu using Spectroscopic Methods for Solar Cell Application

Organic dyes are part of the textile industry that have a negative impact on the environment. Photodegradation using sunlight can reduce the environmental impact as it has the potential to convert complex organic dyes into simpler and less harmful compounds. Natural dye-based hybrid solar cells have the lowest cost among solar cell technologies, gives the lowest photochemical conversion efficiency. The problematic factor in Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC) is the use of electrolyte type, either gel or solution, which lead to the leakage, dye instability, and evaporation. The aim was to analyse the photodegradation reaction kinetics of organic dyes in Caessalpinia Sappan, Medina Lawsonia Inermis, Yemeni Lawsonia Inermis and Areca Catheu using spectroscopic methods. This research focuses on the potential of natural dyes extracted from these sources as sensitizers in DSSC. The stability of natural dye was analysed using the photodegradation reaction kinetics of organic dyes before and after treatment using advanced spectroscopic methods. The extracted natural dyes were determined their optical absorption and functional group through Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, UV-Vis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The photo degradation proses of natural dyes were done under radiation of sunlight for four weeks with measured their photodegradation efficiency at every weeks. After plasma treatment using APPJ, a positive effect on the stability and colour of anthocyanins was observed. The results showed an increase in the percentage of photodegradation after APPJ treatment on Medina Lawsonia Inermis and Yemeni Lawsonia Inermis. While Caessalpinia Sappan, and Areca Catheu showed a slight change compared to before plasma treatment. The FTIR spectra of the natural dyes showed the presence of functionalised hydroxyl compounds and C-O groups. After plasma treatment, stronger functional group peaks were observed and new chemical bonds were formed.