Ecological Law Research Articles

An allometry perspective on crops.

Understanding trait-trait coordination is essential for successful plant breeding and crop modeling. Notably, plant size drives variation in morphological, physiological, and performance-related traits, as described by allometric laws in ecology. Yet, as allometric relationships have been limitedly studied in crops, how they influence and possibly limit crop performance remains unknown. Here, we review how an allometry perspective on crops gains insights into the phenotypic evolution during crop domestication, the breeding of varieties adapted to novel conditions, and the prediction of crop yields. As allometry is an active field of research, modeling and manipulating crop allometric relationships can help to develop more resilient and productive agricultural systems to face future challenges.

Para um Direito Ecológico Insurgente: limites e potenciais do direito como instrumento para uma transição ecossocial justa

Abstract This article provides a constructive critique of Ecological Law, which has been proposed as a framework to overcome Environmental Law’s subordination to economic growth and profit maximization in disregard for socioecological justice and biophysical planetary boundaries. The article critiques Ecological Law literature for its normativist positivist approach, which neglects to analyze law as a product of power relations and as a social form of capitalism, and for overestimating law’s potential to transform the political economy. Additionally, the article addresses the shortcomings of the degrowth discourse, one of the bedrocks of Ecological Law. Finally, drawing on Pressburger and Pazello’s conceptualization of Insurgent Law and literature on the praxis of movement lawyering in Brazil, the article proposes guidelines for an Insurgent Ecological Law. This approach combines Marxist critique of law with contributions to the strategic reflections of popular movements on their use of legal tactics as part of their struggles for a post-capitalist ecosocial transition.

The effect of cadre–farmer relationship on farmers’ willingness to treat domestic waste: evidence from China

The construction of an ecologically livable rural environment requires treating rural domestic waste. Farmers, as key participants in rural domestic waste disposal, can improve the rural environment by disposing of domestic waste in an environmentally friendly manner. Few studies have examined the cadre–farmer relationship and its impact on rural waste pollution. Using a questionnaire survey of farmers in Shaanxi Province, China, this study estimates the effect of cadre–farmer relationship on their willingness to treat domestic waste. The findings indicate that a positive cadre–farmer relationship significantly increases farmers’ willingness to treat domestic waste. This positive relationship can also strengthen the positive effects of institutional rules on waste treatment willingness. Further mechanism analysis shows that a good cadre–farmer relationship mobilizes farmers to protect the environment and to comply with national ecological laws and regulations, enhancing their willingness to treat domestic waste. These findings enrich research on rural domestic waste management.

Legal terminology in environmental and land law: theoretical-legal analysis

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law and proves the feasibility of its improvement in connection with the adaptation of the norms of national law to the law of the European Union. The article states that today in Ukraine there is significant environmental pollution, climate change, land deterioration, which significantly worsened in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation and caused a particularly dangerous ecological situation in the country. The article proves that the implementation of the principles of the right of citizens to a safe environment, ensuring human safety, protection and rational use of land, forest, water and subsoil resources is not possible without a clear definition of legal prescriptions enshrined in the law. The article states that one of the important aspects of the language of law is legal terminology, which makes it possible to formulate the content of a legal document. The article defines the concepts of “terminology”, “terminology”, “legal terminology”. It is noted that it is not appropriate to equate the concepts of “terminology” and “terminological system”. It has been investigated that despite the presence of established terminology in environmental law, the presence of terms in need of improvement is observed in this field, namely: “ecological law” and “environmental law”. It has been proved that for the purpose of further codification of environmental law, it seems appropriate to use the term “environmental law” as an established term of EU legislation. It has been analyzed that today the language of the law in the field of land relations is gaining importance, which is due to the formation of the land market in Ukraine and the need to adapt the norms of land law to EU law. It is noted that in land law there is a problem of identifying the terms: “land”, “land plot”. It was noted that the legal terms related to the formation of the land market in Ukraine need improvement and detailing. It was concluded that legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the important aspects of the development of the language of law. The issue of improving legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the necessary steps that will contribute to the unification and harmonization of the legal norms of the specified fields in the context of adapting the norms of national law to EU law.

Strong evidence for latitudinal diversity gradient in mosses across the world

Species richness generally decreases with increasing latitude, a biodiversity gradient that has long been considered as one of the few laws in ecology. This latitudinal diversity gradient has been observed in many major groups of organisms. In plants, the latitudinal diversity gradient has been observed in vascular plants, angiosperms, ferns, and liverworts. However, a conspicuous latitudinal diversity gradient in mosses at a global or continental scale has not been observed until now. Here, we analyze a comprehensive data set including moss species in each band of 20° in latitude worldwide. Our results show that moss species richness decreases strongly with increasing latitude, regardless of whether the globe is considered as a whole or different longitudinal segments (e.g., Old World versus New World) are considered separately. This result holds when variation in area size among latitudinal bands is taken into account. Pearson's correlation coefficient between latitude and species richness is −0.99 for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Because bryophytes are an extant lineage of early land plants and because mosses not only include most of extant species of bryophytes but also are important constituents of most terrestrial ecosystems, understanding geographic patterns of mosses is particularly important. The finding of our study fills a critical knowledge gap.

"“YASHIL” ENERGETIKANI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING HUQUQIY ASOSLARI VA ISTIQBOLLARI "

"Abstract. In this article, opinions were expressed on the improvement and analysis of regulatory legal documents related to the legal basis and future prospects of the development of green energy and the national and international concept and system of environmental and legal issues. Also, the most important issues related to the further development of the theory of ecological law, the legal basis of the development of green energy, and the future prospects of the system were analyzed. The legal foundations of green energy development and future prospects, issues of ecological and legal provision, problems of regulation of sources of energy rights, the national and international importance of the right to energy in the system of natural resources, and the origin of the right to use it in the framework of scientific research were studied. In the field of energy, the legal basis of the development of green energy and future prospects are implemented in certain forms and methods. In addition, the article describes the legal foundations of the development of “green” energy and legal relations related to future prospects, the content of norms aimed at their regulation, the essence and problems of their practical application, the management system in the field of national and international energy consumption, “green” energy, the legal basis of development, future prospects, and the powers of management bodies. "

XÂY DỰNG BỘ HỌC LIỆU ĐỂ DẠY HỌC PHẦN “SINH THÁI HỌC VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG” MÔN SINH HỌC 12 DỰA VÀO CƠ SỞ DỮ LIỆU TỪ VƯỜN QUỐC GIA CÁT BÀ

The topic of “Ecology and Environment” in Biology grade 12 helps students equip themselves with specific knowledge of the levels of living organization over the body and study the interaction relationship between organisms and the environment, and the laws of ecology. When teaching this topic, teachers need to associate theoretical knowledge with practice in Nature reserves, National Parks, Biosphere reserves, etc. Based on the data collected from the nature reserves to organize teaching “Ecology and Environment”, which will help increase students' interest and positive thinking in learning, thereby contributing to developing the qualities and competencies for students to closely follow the requirements in the 2018 general education program. In this study, we conducted an investigation, surveyed the current situation, collected a database of Cat Ba National Park, and proposed a process to build a set of teaching materials for the topic of “Ecology and Environment”. Applying the process of building a set of learning materials including images, videos, documents, and worksheets contributes to increasing the source of reference materials for teachers when teaching this knowledge.

Exploring Ecological Consciousness: An Ecocritical Analysis of Marjorie Evasco's Poetry through Commoner’s Ecological Laws

This study critically examined the textuality of select poems by Marjorie Evasco using ecocriticism theory based on Commoner's (1991) ecological principles: Everything Is Connected, Everything Must Go Somewhere, and Nature Knows Best. The research aimed to depict Evasco's writings' ecological messages and themes by line-by-line coding. Data were sourced from Evasco's book "Dreamweavers" and various theoretical texts. Findings revealed that Evasco’s poems reflect Commoner's (1991) ecological laws, portraying them figuratively and literally. The analysis highlights themes such as nature as a teacher, nature’s intrinsic value, hope in nature, conflicts with modernization, and human impacts on nature. The study recommends further analysis of Evasco’s work through ecofeminism and suggests including her poems in literature classes to serve as a platform for environmental awareness. Future research should explore other works of Evasco and similar authors.

Mobile-assisted means of developing ecologic awareness in contects of modern legislation

The introduction of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has provided language teachers with excellent possibilities to advance their computer literacy and adopt a learner-centered method of instruction. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is a relatively young term, derived from CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning), which both refer to language learning assisted by technology, namely by a type of computer, whether it is a desktop computer or a mobile device (Chirobocea-Tudor, 2021). Language teachers can now play a key role in preparing and encouraging students in various fields such as linguistics, areas of jurisprudence as ecology law, public and private law, criminal law and others. Possibilities and challenges of using a variety of technology for specific language learning thanks to the growing popularity of learning tools. The ultimate goal of this study is to examine how law university students study foreign languages using mobile applications.

Island Urban Development: Experience of Some Countries in The World and Lessons For Vietnam

Island urban is an urban area formed on islands, with the main characteristic located in the middle of the sea. Island urban development is a natural trend and benefits coastal countries. With many islands and potential for marine economic development in Vietnam, island urban development is a huge opportunity for developing tourism, aquaculture, agriculture, and real estate. However, reality shows that island urban development in Vietnam still faces many challenges, such as urban management, infrastructure construction, environmental protection, and maintaining local communities on the island. To achieve effectiveness in island urban development, the article mentioned four important lessons: (1) Respect the island's characteristics and promote its advantages; (2) Identify main functions and diverse activities; (3) Develop central areas and utilize space effectively; (4) Comply with ecological laws and protect the island environment. The lessons will help Vietnam and other countries develop island urban areas sustainably and effectively.

Generalized assessment of region environmental state based on mathematico-cartographic modeling with GIS

The developed methodology features an uneven distribution of indicator parameters in classes, based on principles of regulation and ecological laws. The problem is solved by the innovative method of mathematico-cartographic modeling, based on GIS-technology using the Geostatistical Analysis ArcGIS. All models are tested according to the Belogurov's RR-criterion of model suitability. Among the many logistic functions, the one for which the rules for the allocation of 5 classes are established, is selected. Mathematical analysis of the expression for the logistic curve made it possible to propose the new authors expression for its description. It contains such parameters as the values of the middle and width of the increasing section of this curve and its maximum value. This set is more visible and convenient for assessing the environmental state. It also corresponds to the typical pollution levels accepted by the Hydro meteorological Service: high and extremely high pollution levels. The maximum efforts and means to improve on the environmental state will be devoted to the first signs of high pollution, preventing the transition from class 2 to class 3. A well-reasoned concept of creating systems for monitoring dangerous trends and managing enterprises in accordance with mining safety conditions has been developed.

ПРАВОВЫЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ ЛЕСОВ МОСКВЫ

The subject of the article is both legal and social aspects of the use of urban forests in Moscow among which are the destruction of urban forests, the uncertainty of the definition and status of urban forests. The article considers the question of how the urban forests of the capital of the country are used and how this correlates with legal norms and social needs of citizens.
 The concentration of population in cities is becoming a global trend. The level of urbanization is reaching higher and higher indicators every day. Living in urban agglomerations isolated from nature leads to many health problems of citizens. The task of increasing the comfort of the urban environment could be solved by arrays of urban forests. It is known that forest vegetation has a huge positive impact on human health and emotional state. However, their use does not always correspond to legal norms and the interests of citizens.
 The article aims to investigate the relationship between the state of urban forests and the level of comfort of the urban environment, to identify specific factors that negatively affect the state of green spaces as well as to analyze social opinion about the problem. The article reveals the ecological significance of urban forests: they are a place for recreation, recreation, sports, and walks, in addition, they perform an important ecological function, maintaining balance in the natural environment and improving air quality, and describes the features of the dangerous state in which they are located.
 To study the legal and social aspects of the use of urban forests, the following methods were used: analysis of legislative acts regulating the use of urban forests and the study of the practice of their application, the study of expert opinions in the field of ecology law and sociology monitoring the use of urban forests in Moscow (identification of social aspects of forest use) a survey of residents of Moscow to find out their opinion about the use of urban forests and to assess the social significance of forests for city residents, analysis of statistical data on the importance of urban forests for city residents. 
 As a result of the research legal and managerial problems were identified and practical solutions were proposed. Futhermore, it is important not to forget about the cooperation of city authorities, environmental organizations and the public in order to create an effective urban forest management system that would take into account the interests of all stakeholders and allow preserving this important resource for urban ecology and the health of residents. The results of the study can be used to develop recommendations for improving the use of urban forests, additionally for making decisions in the field of management and protection of the urban environment.
 The forest as an ecosystem located within a megalopolis is under threat of destruction. It is important that the use of urban forests is regulated by legislation and carried out within the framework of established rules and regulations. The use of Moscow's urban forests should be carried out taking into account their legal status and social significance, which will help ensure the preservation of these valuable environmental resources. The problem requires an integrated approach, including management measures, public involvement, scientific research and information campaigns. The sum of these decisions and the changes associated with them will help ensure the preservation of valuable environmental resources for future generations.

The Role of Religious Belief in Sustainable Community-Based Tourism During Postdisaster Recovery

There is a widely held view that religious beliefs are irrelevant during recovery postdisaster. Such recovery is often associated with an attitude of traumatic victimhood focusing on rebuilding infrastructure. However, the role and involvement of local people needs to be considered when reconstructing damaged facilities in destinations that need new sources of sustainable livelihood. The current study addresses this issue by examining religious beliefs in disaster recovery sites from the perspective of processes, factors, and implications. Three disaster zones in Yogyakarta, Indonesia are investigated, deploying an extended case study approach. The findings indicate that religious beliefs had the strongest and most significant influence on sustainable community-based tourism through the recovery process. The research procedure was applied in three tourist villages: the bamboo garden market, the disaster museum, and dome houses. Disaster victims are affected by religious beliefs and local wisdom and are supported by local heroes who encourage them to pursue new income sources. This generates employment through roles in managed tourist villages, such as tour guide, parking guard, travel agent, and tourism entrepreneur. The research highlights the role of religious belief as a mechanism for postdisaster recovery and draws upon natural prevention in contributing to gaps in discourse about ecological law.

EU green deal: between ecological transition and the struggle for power maintenance

Environmental, social, humanitarian, and economic crises are part of the contemporary world. The exceeding of Earth's limits manifests in various ways, including climate change, whose effects are already impacting various regions of the planet. Although this issue has been discussed for decades and subject to extensive international legal regulation, there are areas with significant potential for mitigation and adaptation to climate change that remain relatively unexplored. While traditional international trade arrangements are insufficient to promote well-being and the preservation of life on Earth, there is fertile ground for collaboration between international trade and climate change regimes. The European Green Deal, launched as a political project for ecological transition, has economic and trade-related objectives and implications. That stated, the overall objective of this research is to uncover the inconsistencies of the European Green Deal concerning ecological law parameters and its implications for global trade. This is a bibliographical research with descriptive purpose, deductive approach, and axiological interpretation. From the analysis of the European Green Deal based on selected parameters of ecological law, it was found that, although it reflects progress in the implementation of ecological law, the political project serves as a mechanism for maintaining power, reproducing the dominant capitalist logic, which diminishes its own transformative potential in the transition to an ecological paradigm.

Многоликий жанр в концепции филолога В. С. Вахрушева

This article presents an interdisciplinary conception of genre proposed by the Russian philologist from Balashov, Professor Vladimir Serafimovich Vakhrushev. The feasibility of this task can be mainly seen in two aspects. First of all, Vakhrushev conceives genre as an ideal model generating versatile phenomena not only of discursive, but also of social, cultural, and historical processes. His broad understanding of genre can contribute to the comprehension of the specific speech genres, studied within the specific disciplines isolated so far by their primary tasks, as the elements of a coherent macro system “Genre – Text – Man – Society – Culture – Nature”. Within this macro system, the genres of verbal texts appear to be the structures similar to those of other types, existing elsewhere beyond the realm of art or everyday speech, namely, in nature, history and society. According to V. Vakhrushev, verbal genres and the genres of natural and sociohistorical phenomena share a number of intrinsic properties which are determined by the global ecological law of their adaptation to the ever-changing environment. Secondly, this publication is timed to coincide with Professor Vakhrushev’s 90th anniversary, which falls on September 2022, thus providing a motive for presenting his theoretical legacy to a wider community of linguists, literary scholars, cultural studies scholars, perhaps sociologists, historians, and natural scientists to engage them in a critical discussion. Researchers of speech genres and literary studies may be particularly interested in Vakhrushev’s phenomenological definition of genre and in the ways he is reasoning the isomorphism and the presence of analogies between text genres and the genres of other life forms, such as biology, daily social life and history.

An Ecocentric Perspective on Climate Litigation: Lessons from Latin America

Abstract Based on the latest developments in ecological law in Latin America, including the recognition of the rights of nature, this article examines emerging climate-related cases that, challenging Western anthropocentric legal paradigms, address the climate crisis from an ecocentric perspective to protect both human and nature rights. Through novel arguments based on ecological law counter-narratives and a rights of nature perspective, these cases are giving way to the emergence of a new typology of climate litigation in which the intrinsic value and interests of all life forms and the legal status of nature are recognized. First, this article analyses the experience and current trends in the emerging field of ecological law in the region, including ecological and intergenerational dimensions of human rights and the legal and jurisprudential recognition of the rights of nature. Second, it reviews and compares some of the most relevant climate-related cases as well as recent, less known—some still pending—claims that incorporate an ecocentric approach, combining the protection of the rights of present and future generations and the rights of nature or exploring other arguments in the field of ecological law. These cases have the potential to contribute to the development of climate litigation with an ecocentric profile. Attention is given to the main arguments, characteristics, strengths, and shortcomings of these cases, as well as to potential barriers to the development of an ecocentric angle to climate litigation and the implementation of judicial decisions.

Analysis of Tripartite Dynamic Game Theory in Ecological Law Enforcement

The ecological governance issues of the police department have always been urgently needed to be addressed and explored. This article will take the ecological areas of the Yangtze River Basin as an example to construct a tripartite dynamic game model between police enforcement department, fishermen and fishing enterprises and the ecology of the Yangtze River Basin. Through equilibrium point analysis and MATLAB numerical simulation, the strategic evolution process of the police department and various entities is demonstrated to demonstrate the necessity of ecological law enforcement and provide relevant suggestions.

Enhanced awareness of height-diameter allometry in response to climate, soil, and competition in secondary forests

The allometry between tree height (H) and diameter (DBH) is a central part of accurate carbon estimation and forest ecological evaluation. However, our awareness of the H-DBH allometry response to stressors is incomplete. For instance, pairwise and higher-order interactions of climate, soil, intraspecific competition, and interspecific competition were ignored, which may have led to important ecological insights not explored in H-DBH allometry. Besides, although secondary forests are cost-friendly mitigation tools requiring rational management, research on H-DBH allometry and management of secondary forests is far from adequate. Therefore, we pioneered the consideration of pairwise and higher-order interactions of competition, climate, and soil to enhance awareness of the relationship between stressors and H-DBH allometry. Moreover, H-DBH simulations under different competitive combinations were provided based on the actual local environmental levels, with the aim of providing targeted recommendations for secondary forests. The results showed that MAT (mean annual temperature), CF (coarse fragments), intraspecific BAL (the basal area of trees larger than the subject tree), and interspecific BAL were dominant stressors. The pairwise, third-, and fourth-order interactions significantly affected and improved the H-DBH model. The interactions affected H more than independent effects at times, and higher-order interactions produced comparable contributions to pairwise interactions. The independent and interactive effects of stressors on H were greatest in medium- and large-sized trees, which suggested sampling medium- and large-sized trees could reduce cost. Furthermore, the influencing directions of stressors on H were inconstant and depended on the gradients of other stressors due to the presence of interactions, which is generally consistent with the pressure gradient hypothesis and ecological laws. The simulation results indicated that the desired H-DBH allometry could be obtained by adjusting BALinter and BALintra according to the actual environmental level and management objectives of each stand. This study highlights the importance of considering interactions in credible H-DBH modeling, stressor impact analysis, and forest management policy development. Given the likelihood of ongoing climate change in the future, this study will assist in promoting sustainable management and informed decision-making in secondary forests.

Conservation Tillage in Medicinal Plant Cultivation in China: What, Why, and How

Ecological cultivation is a promising regime for medicinal plant production. For a long time, unreasonable farming methods have threatened soil health and medicinal agriculture and restricted the sustainable development of ecological agriculture for medicinal plants. However, there is a lack of comprehensive discourse and discussion about the pros and cons of different tillage regimes. Here, the research trend and application prospects of no-tillage (NT) are comprehensively reviewed, and the ecological benefits, challenges, and opportunities of the NT system in ecological agriculture of medicinal plants are scrutinized, aiming to call for an about-face in the sustainable conservation and utilization of both phytomedicine resources and agricultural/ecological resources. An exhaustive literature search in PubMed, Bing, Scopus, and CNKI was performed to outline the research trend in conservation tillage and medicinal plants during the recent four decades. The application of NT has a long history and can reduce tillage frequency and intensity and protect soil from erosion and deterioration. NT is often combined with organic mulch to significantly reduce soil disturbance. NT and stover mulching have the advantages of saving manpower and resources and improving soil quality, crop yield, and quality. The ecological and economic benefits of NT in long-term medicinal plant cultivation could be prominent. In developing medicinal plant cultivation, competing with food crops should be avoided as much as possible, and the impact on the production of major grain crops should be minimized. Therefore, the full utilization of soil resources in forests, mountains, and wasteland is advocated, and sustainable soil utilization is the core issue in the process of land reclamation. NT and stover mulching not only inherit the traditional concept of “natural farming”, conform to the basic laws of ecology, as well as the growth characteristics of medicinal plants, but also protect the ecological environment of the production area. It would become the core strategy of ecological agriculture for medicinal plants. Our summary and discussions would help propose countermeasures to popularize NT and organic mulch, promote relevant research and scientific allocation of resources, and adapt to local conditions to achieve precise management and harmonize conservation and production of medicinal plants.

Forest as a Therapeutic Space in Sarah Orne Jewett’s “A White Heron”: A Deep Ecological Perspective

This paper seeks to analyze as to how forest has healing power in Jewett’s “A White Heron” that helps the protagonist, Sylvia, take a positive decision— not to show the nest of the white heron to the hunter, who otherwise would love to collect the birds and stuff them. This paper argues that earlier decision of Sylvia to help the hunter out by showing the nest of the beautiful white heron changes when her greater sense of involvement to the forest through the cow touches her consciousness. The root cause of this change is the therapeutic impact of the forest (Nature) to the protagonist. This study takes recourse to ecocritical stance, more particularly Barry Commoner’s four laws of ecology and Aldo Leopold’s ideas of “land community”, and “land ethics” to analyze the mentioned text as to how it advocates for biocentric world view that places emphasis on equal status of each and every organisms on this planet and hence, they must be equally treated and protected to maintain the stronghold of human-nature relationship. Aside from that, executing the idea of deep ecology, more specifically advanced by Fritjof Capra, which gives the utmost importance to the idea that humans are a part of nature but not apart and everything in the nature is interdependent and interconnected for the healthy operation of the whole system, this paper also argues that the mentioned story is a faithful literary text, which, by exhibiting the pitfalls of citified life, appeals the entire humanity to safeguard the nature to get its therapeutic effect for healthy and holistic life.