Law Enforcement Organizations Research Articles

Relationships between Law Enforcement Authorities and Drone Journalists in Spain

The article analyzes the relationship between law enforcement authorities and drone journalists, professionals who use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for newsgathering purposes, in Spain. The study has two specific objectives. First, to identify the criteria that law enforcement authorities have set for the public dissemination in traditional and social media of the drone footage they have obtained as part of their police operations, and to characterize the relationship that exists between law enforcement authorities and drone journalists. The study is guided by three hypotheses: Spanish law enforcement authorities have more capacity than journalists to shoot aerial news footage (H1); for Spanish law enforcement authorities, the informational use that can be made of the drone footage they obtain is of secondary importance (H2); and drone journalists feel their work is heavily restricted by law enforcement authorities (H3). These hypotheses are tested with the use of in-depth interviews with representatives of three law enforcement organizations in Spain and five drone pilots who have collaborated with news media outlets. The study concludes that the current regulatory framework for UAVs in Spain is very restrictive, in comparison to other countries, which prevents the development of drone journalism.

A Tale of Force: Examining Policy Proposals to Address the Issue of Police Violence

President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing recommended that police forces increase officer demographic diversity, raise educational requirements for new officers, and implement community policing strategies. The purpose of these recommendations was to reduce police violence and improve police-community relationships, particularly relationships with minority communities. After reviewing prior research on these proposals, we estimate cross-sectional models regressing police department use of force counts on indicators of community policing, officer education, and officer racial and gender diversity to examine the baseline plausibility of these recommendations. We find that police forces with more college-educated officers are less violent toward citizens, but that the race and sex compositions of law enforcement organizations are not associated with the level of police violence. Ironically, most indicators of community policing are associated with more police violence, only a higher proportion of community beat officers is associated with significantly lower levels of police violence.

Assessing The Evidence: How Systems That Address Intimate Partner Violence Evaluate The Credibility And Utility Of Research Findings

Despite advances in practitioner-researcher partnerships, barriers to the uptake of research evidence in practice sectors that address intimate partner violence (IPV) persist. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine how practitioners across victim services, criminal justice, and law enforcement systems assess the usefulness and credibility of research evidence to their practice and policy-related decision making. Data were derived through qualitative interviews with 37 representatives of victim services, criminal justice, and law enforcement organizations in the state of Washington. Practitioners were asked to describe the criteria and processes used to determine the credibility and usefulness of research evidence they encounter. Practitioners across systems reported that the identity and credibility of the messenger conveying the research evidence, the relevance and applicability of the research to their own practice context, and the rigor of the methods used to derive the evidence are important criteria in assessing its utility and trustworthiness. A subset of respondents reported a suspicion of the research enterprise altogether, and/or a lack of resources available to engage with research evidence. Given the centrality of the messengers of research evidence in practitioners’ assessment of its credibility, IPV systems may be well-served to more deeply invest in research to practice intermediaries who are adequately resourced to translate evidence across sectors. Additional practice and research implications are discussed.

Backing up emergency teams in healthcare and law enforcement organizations: strategies to socialize newcomers in the time of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic is putting significant pressure on emergency teams in healthcare and law enforcement organizations. In order to provide rapid backup, new workers must be socialized rapidly and effectively. In addition to considering the pros and cons of various newcomer socialization strategies and tools, healthcare and law enforcement organizations may need to design hybrid socialization strategies at the light of four essential processes of emergency teams: roles, knowledge, interpersonal relations and emotion management. We suggest that emergency teams based on the combined resources of old-timers and newcomers where the more experienced team members contribute actively to the socialization of new members can have unexpected positive effects on the team.

Homelessness of Children as a Social Phenomenon in 1941-1945: Manifestations and Attempts to Overcome in Middle Volga

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main directions and specifics of the activities of state bodies and public organizations of the Middle Volga region in the fight against children homelessness in 1941-1945. At the present stage of Russia’s development, the government and society are paying considerable attention to eliminating crime and preventing deviant behavior among minors, which in turn strengthens the urgency of the problem. The authors introduce into the scientific circulation previously unavailable documents of the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, the State Archive of Recent History of the Ulyanovsk Region, the Samara Regional State Archive of Socio-Political History. The reasons for the development of homelessness, its scope are analyzed in detail in the article, and also the key areas of activity of the internal affairs bodies are considered. It is proved that in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War in the territory of the Middle Volga region a number of factors were recorded that contributed to the criminalization of minors: significant population migration, unstable work of railway and water transport, the termination of educational institutions, an increase in the number of street and street children. It is shown that the answer to the challenge was the development of a method for combating juvenile crime, based on the close interaction of law enforcement, educational bodies and public organizations. It is alleged that the use of new methods has partially reduced the impact of negative trends and, consequently, improved the criminal situation among minors.

COVID-19 WILL LEAD TO INCREASED CRIME RATES IN INDIA

The first ever Coronavirus outbreak was identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019 and was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. The cases of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) are increasing exponentially around the globe. Various measures like Social Distancing, Complete lockdown and Curfew are seen in the likes of India, China, Italy among others. India, as a nation, got an opportunity to learn from their experiences and initiated a complete lockdown in the whole country until the end of April. The economies around the world got hit by such lockdowns due to which, as many economists predict, a recession seems inevitable. The unemployment rate will likely increase and people will be left with less disposable incomes, paving the way for an economic crisis. With the experience of major crisis in the past, we have noticed that the crime rates in and post such situations tend to increase. The situation with the law enforcement organization needs to be handled with care and caution if India and other countries hope to bounce back strongly. This paper has studied the past economic recessions and changes in crime rate during and post economic recovery. It also aims to enlist a variety of measures that the government of India is taking to fight the crisis arising due to COVID-19 along with some suggestions to control the situation afterwards.

Lines, Flows and Transnational Crime: Toward a Revised Approach to Countering the Underworld of Globalisation

This article proposes a paradigm shift in the means and methods of combating transnational criminal activity. It contends that global illicit flows, engineered by organised crime on a massive scale, alongside lawful trade and travel, represent a principal challenge to public safety and civic order. It proposes further that the Westphalian territorial state system, with its complement of multilateral regulatory and law enforcement organisations, is not equipped to meet the challenge effectively. The article advances a series of propositions in support of developing a revised approach to confronting transnational criminal activity.

An Assessment of Officer-Involved Shooting Data Transparency in the United States.

Although researchers and the public intuitively know that the lack of available data on the topic of officer-involved shootings (OIS) is a problem, the scope of the problem has not been identified. A lack of transparency regarding OIS data contributes to the legitimacy crisis facing policing in the United States. Valid and reliable OIS data would create the ability to craft and assess informed public policy. In addition, police organizations' roles could then be evaluated allowing for accountability and additional training based on OIS incidents. Employing content analysis of websites for police agencies, their municipal/county governments, and sheriffs' offices servicing populations of 100,000 or more according to the 2010 U.S. Census, the availability of OIS data is identified and classified. It was found that 155 (of 277) police agencies and 96 (of 548) sheriffs' offices made some form of data available related to OIS incidents across five categories (annual reports, OIS summary reports, individualized shooting reports, press releases, and spreadsheet reports). The current assessment is the first in the literature to systematically evaluate the transparency of law enforcement organizations servicing large jurisdictions regarding OIS incidents. Those reports and data available are described and placed within the context of the recommended national database proposed by Klinger and colleagues to begin to assess the extent of OIS data transparency issues facing policing. In addition, agencies providing data were compared utilizing one-way analysis of variance on a number of structural variables drawn from the 2008 Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies to evaluate any patterns demonstrated by those organizations providing data. Findings suggest great variation in the type, classification, and quality of data presented by law enforcement organizations, which limits its utility for the purposes of research as well as policy creation and evaluation.

Race, representation, and assets forfeiture

Under forfeiture laws, law enforcement organizations seize billions of dollars a year from U.S. citizens based on demonstrated or suspected connections between the assets and criminal activity. Interest groups have argued that taking of assets through forfeiture intentionally and disproportionately targets communities of color, but scholars have not sufficiently explored this relationship. In order to address this gap, we draw on racial threat theory to develop the expectation that the growth of black and Hispanic populations within a community will correlate positively with the amount of asset forfeiture, and representative bureaucracy theory to develop the hypothesis that greater representation of a particular minority group on the police force will negatively moderate that relationship. We test these hypotheses in an analysis of 2,278 municipal police departments between 1993 and 2007, finding evidence of a significant relationship between minority population share and reported forfeiture revenue. Furthermore, we find that increasing the proportion of black and Hispanic officers negatively moderates that relationship. We believe the results have implications not only for the U.S., but also for other nations with asset forfeiture regimes and more broadly for our understanding of the ways in which law enforcement organizations respond to diverse populations and the moderating impact of representation on those responses.

Közösségi rendészet – közösségi oldalak? Elméleti háttér és a rendészeti digilektus fogalmának bevezetése

A közösségi oldalak szerepének, lehetőségeinek, ezek kiaknázásának, jótékony és káros hatásaik vizsgálatának napjainkban kiemelt figyelmet tulajdonítanak. Magyarországon a rendészet még nem aknázta ki ezeknek az oldalaknak az előnyeit teljes mértékben, bár már vannak olyan irányú lépések és próbálkozások, amelyek a lakosság könnyebb, egyszerűbb és közvetlenebb elérését célozzák. Ezeket az oldalakat angol nyelvterületeken a rendészeti egységek napi szinten és tudatosan használják. Annak érdekében, hogy a rendőrség eredményesen lépjen fel a bűnözés ellen, el kell nyernie a lakosság tagjainak bizalmát. Ez pedig csak egy partnerségi viszony kiépítésével lehetséges, amihez viszont a szervezetnek a hajlandóságát és a kommunikációs készségeit is fejlesztenie szükséges. E téren a közösségi média még sok lehetőséget tartogat. A tanulmány a rendészeti kommunikáció elméleti hátterét taglalja, és bevezeti a rendészeti digilektus fogalmát.

The Instruction of Information Technology in the Education of Non-Commissioned Officers in Hungarian Law Enforcement

The author of the article presents the current situation of the instruction of information technology in the education of non-commissioned officers (NCOs) in the Hungarian law enforcement organisation. A survey was conducted through a questionnaire to assess experiences, consequences and to make suggestions for further improvement.

A helyi önkormányzatok felelőssége a települések közbiztonságának megteremtésében

Az önkormányzatok szerepe, felelőssége a helyi közbiztonság megteremtésében ritkán felmerülő, meglehetősen elhanyagolt téma hazánkban. A témában leginkább érintettek, az önkormányzati vezetők és képviselők nem rendelkeznek átfogó ismeretanyaggal, és talán emiatt a felmerülő helyzetek megoldását gyakran igyekeznek a rendőrség irányába tolni. Az új önkormányzati törvény (Mötv.) érdemben megnyitotta a lehetőséget az önkormányzati rendészeti szervek létrehozatala előtt. Időszerű volt tehát felmérni azt, hogy miként értékelik a felelősségüket az önkormányzatok a helyi rendészet vonatkozásában az új szabályozás tükrében, éltek-e a jogalkotó által felkínált szervezetalakítási lehetőséggel, illetve mennyire koherens a meglévő szabályozás az önkormányzati rendészetek hatékony működéséhez. A tanulmányban releváns kutatási eredményeken keresztül kaphatunk bepillantást a helyi rendészetbe.

Facilitating Learning to Improve Performance of Law Enforcement Workgroups: The Role of Inclusive Leadership Behavior

ABSTRACT: This article examines how law enforcement managers may cultivate learning and improve performance of their workgroups by demonstrating inclusive leadership. To this effort, we use multisource survey data that were collected from 104 law enforcement managers, 530 of their direct reports/subordinates, and the managers’ supervisors/bosses. The analysis shows that law enforcement workgroups characterized by a high level of psychological safety are more likely to engage in learning activities than those with a low level of psychological safety. Higher learning effort, in turn, is associated with higher workgroup performance, rated by the managers’ bosses. Finally, we find that inclusive leadership behavior by the law enforcement managers plays an important role in motivating their workgroups to engage in learning and this effect is mediated fully by workgroup psychological safety. We discuss implications of these findings for research on public leadership and the management of law enforcement organizations.

Environmental Influences on Sheriff Perceptions and Strategies

Scholars generally agree that law enforcement organizations are influenced by the environment. While most research on criminal justice organizations has focused on municipal law enforcement agencies, sheriff agencies are distinct from municipal police agencies for a variety of reasons. As such, sheriff agencies may be uniquely impacted by environmental pressures. In the current study, electronic surveys were sent to sheriffs in 9 states to assess their concern about juvenile trafficking, their perception of environmental groups’ concern, and the agency’s response to juvenile trafficking. Results suggested a complex relationship between environmental groups, respondent perceptions, and agency response. Most notably, sheriffs seemed to view themselves as most in sync with local groups, especially the community. Additionally, rural agencies did seem to be influenced differently by environmental groups than urban and suburban agencies. Future research should study rural agencies and also seek to more deeply understand the complex relationships between the environment and sheriffs.

COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN: AN EFFORT OF HANDLING AND LEGAL PROTECTION

<p>This article examines efforts to protect and deal with government, law enforcement agencies and assistants or NGOs in preventing and eradicating commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). In Indonesia there are many child trafficking in border areas and cities like Surabaya, which are identified as sending, transit and destination cities. The research type used is the juridical empirical study namely the effectiveness research of regulations enforcement on child protection. Primary data obtained from experience experienced by children and the family, law enforcement, government and companion Non Governmental Organization (NGO). Data collection techniques carried out by the interview method and FGD. The results showed that the commercial sexual exploitation of children is an act of human trafficking because the purpose of sexual action is to obtain money or other goods with the children, sex service users, liaison and related parties. The highest educated victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) are high school and are in an economically inadequate condition, broken home, and the influence of uncontrolled social media.</p><p> </p>

Geo-Spatial Crime Analysis Using Newsfeed Data in Indian Context

Social media is the platforms where users communicate, interact, share ideas, career interest, pictures, video, etc. Social media gives an opportunity to analyze the human behavior. Crime analysis using data from social media such as Newsfeeds, Facebook, Twitter, etc., is becoming one of the emerging areas of research for law enforcement organizations across the world. The intelligence gathered through data is used for identifying future attacks and plan for reinforcements. This article focuses on the implementation of textual data analytics by collecting the data from different newsfeeds and provides an optimized visualization. This article establishes a framework for better prediction of 16 types of crime in India and the Bangalore area by providing the coordinates of the crime area, along with the crime which might happen there.

Effects of police officer exposure to traumatic experiences and recognizing the stigma associated with police officer mental health

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review current research on police officer mental health and to explore the reasons why police officers do not seek mental health treatment. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive, systematic search of multiple academic databases (e.g. EBSCO Host) were used to identify studies conducted within the USA, identified definitions of first responders, identified the type of duty-related trauma expected by police officers, how influential stigma is amongst the police culture and what current intervention strategies are employed to assist police officer mental health wellness. Findings This research was conducted to identify police officer trauma-related mental health and the stigma behind seeking treatment. The research highlights job-related trauma and stress leads to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder and suicide or suicide ideation. The stigma behind seeking mental health treatment is associated with law enforcement organizations and environmental factors. Organizational factors include occupational stress characteristics such as day-to-day of the job and environmental factors such as abiding by social and law enforcement culture ideologies. Further research should be conducted to understand why law enforcing agencies and personnel are unknowingly promoting stigmas. Originality/value This is the most current meta-review of research examining the severity of mental health in police officers, the stigma behind acquiring treatment and innovative treatment approaches in police officer mental health. This study will provide a useful resource for those researchers interested in continuing to examine the different aspects of police officer mental health and how to potently approach innovative interventions to help law enforcement personals mental wellness thrive in a field where trauma is experienced daily.

Legitimacy Accounts no Debate sobre a Reforma dos Tribunais de Contas Brasileiros

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o processo político-cultural relacionado ao debate em torno da reforma dos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros (TCs), organizações de aplicação da lei responsáveis pelo controle de recursos públicos. A pesquisa centrou-se em analisar como legitimacy accounts conduzidos por diferentes categorias de atores se manifestaram no debate acerca da reforma dos TCs brasileiros no período de 2000 a 2017. Foram coletados dados de fontes documentais como discursos parlamentares, audiências públicas, debates e notícias. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes de diversas categorias de atores, incluindo corporações profissionais, mídia, academia e sociedade civil organizada. Por meio da análise do processo de mobilização e dos argumentos centrais que apelaram para a legitimidade da reforma (legitimacy accounts), os resultados apontaram para: (a) a centralidade das corporações profissionais, tanto na mediação e tradução do debate, quanto no desenho de estratégias de intervenção no campo organizacional, e; (b) a identificação de aspectos organizacionais, relacionais, processuais, jurisdicionais e responsivos ligados à multidimensionalidade da legitimidade dos TCs. Os resultados contribuem para as áreas de estudos organizacionais, de administração pública e de administração da Justiça. JEL Code: D73, E6, H83

Review on the Biological Evidence Storage, Preservation and Management

DNA 감정 기술의 발전으로, 과거에는 해결하지 못하여 미제사건으로 분류되었던 사건들의 증거물을 재분석하여 해결하는 사례들이 많아지고 있다. 특히, 생물학적 증거물에 대한 DNA 감정 결과가 사건 해결에 중요한 역할을 하면서 생물학적 증거물의 보존 및 관리의 중요성에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 증거물 보관실 신설 및 증거물관리시스템 구축 등의 노력이 행해지고 있지만, 국내 사법기관들의 생물학적 증거물의 보존 및 관리를 위한 통합적이고 구체적인 지침 및 법률이 부재한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 관련 자료들의 고찰을 바탕으로 생물학적 증거물의 보관ㆍ보존 및 관리를 위해 요구되는 고려사항과 이와 관련된 지침과 법률 제정의 필요성을 정리하고, 증거물 관리에 대한 국내외의 지침, 법률 및 시스템 현황에 대해 알아보았다.The development of DNA analysis techniques has contributed to solving numerous cold cases by re-analyzing preserved old evidences. In particular, the DNA analysis of biological evidence has played a critical role in solving cases, which has made the preservation and management of biological evidence an important issue. Although efforts such as establishing evidence storage rooms and evidence management systems have carried out, integrated and concrete guidelines and laws for preserving and managing biological evidence do not currently exist among domestic law enforcement organizations. Based on relevant reviews and literatures, this study aims to examine the recommendations needed for storage, preservation, and management of biological evidence, and we considered the necessity of the relevant legislations and guidelines. In addition, we have looked for the current status of domestic and foreign laws, guidelines, and systems for the management of evidence.

A Meta‐Analytic Review of Paternalistic Leadership

Scholars have proposed that paternalistic leaders may demonstrate authoritarianism, benevolence, and morality in their actions. In this study, I conduct a meta‐analysis of the relationships between paternalistic leadership and follower work outcomes. I found that authoritarian leadership is related negatively and benevolence and moral leadership are related positively to numerous follower outcomes. Results from relative weight analyses suggest unique contribution of paternalistic leadership over and above transformational leadership and leader member exchange (LMX) in the prediction of follower outcomes. Moreover, I found that LMX partially mediates the relationship between paternalistic leadership and follower outcomes. With respect to moderators, I found mixed evidence for publication status and power distance. Finally, studies that used Cheng et al.’s measurement showed weaker mean corrected correlations and employee samples from law enforcement organisations showed stronger mean corrected correlations for relationships between paternalistic leadership and follower work outcomes.