Lattice Phase Research Articles

Suppressing cyclic deactivation of magnesium-calcium dual-functional materials via dispersed metal-carbonate interfaces for integrated CO2 capture and conversion

The integrated CO2 capture and utilization employs chemical looping approach for suppressing the equilibrium limitations of traditional gas-solid catalytic reactions, enabling efficient conversion of dilute CO2 into high-value fuels with minimal energy consumption. However, the diminishing cyclic activity of dual-functional materials poses significant challenges to their industrial application. Herein, we tailored a series of magnesium-calcium materials, the influence of coordinated metals on the cyclic performance were quantitatively investigated. Notably, Fe2Ni2Ce2Mg5Ca20CO3 achieves a cumulative CO yield of 121.0 mmol/g over 15 cycles at 650°C, with a maximum CO yield of 8.3 mmol/g per cycle and 99.0% CO selectivity, and its CO2 capture capacity remains stable at 10.6 mmol/g over 37 adsorption/desorption cycles. Experimental results indicate that lattice phase separation is a fundamental mechanism underlying the decline in cyclic activity. The strategic incorporation of transition metal intermediates promotes the formation of dispersed metal-carbonate interfaces, providing surface hydrogenation sites and accelerating the lattice decomposition and reconstruction of CO3* within a dispersed lattice. This modification mitigates the adsorption/catalytic lattice phase separation, boosts metal migration and deoxygenation activity for cyclic nanoparticle construction. The findings offer valuable strategies for designing highly efficient and stable DFMs in CO2 capture and utilization.

Three-leg bosonic triangular ladder in a staggered magnetic field

Based on the dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field theory, we investigate the ground states of interacting bosons on a triangular ladder lattice, which is comprised of three legs, and in the presence of a staggered magnetic flux. As a consequence, the vortical lattice phase with triangular chiral vortical currents is discovered, which particularly features a biased ladder structure, characterized by larger populations on the inner leg than those of the two outer legs. This similar structure could be either figured out on the four-leg and five-leg flux ladders, interpreted by the Bose-Hubbard model. The variations of currents and populations induced by the growth of number of legs are discussed. We further identify a type of particle current going through a zigzag-shaped outline. It is also necessarily accompanied with the biased configuration on the distribution of population, and could be generalized to the four-leg or five-leg model.

Influence of β-Stabilizing Nb on Phase Stability and Phase Transformation in Ti-Zr Shape Memory Alloys: From the Viewpoint of the First-Principles Calculation

In the present study, the effect of the Nb element on the lattice parameters, phase stability and martensitic transformation behaviors of Ti-Zr-based shape memory alloys was extensively investigated using the first-principles calculation. The lattice parameters of both the β parent phase and α′ martensite phase gradually decreased with Nb content increasing. For the α″ martensite phase, the lattice constant (a) gradually increased with the increase in Nb content, whereas the lattice constants (b and c) continuously decreased due to the addition of Nb. Based on the formation energy and density of state, β→α′ martensitic transformation occurred, as the Nb content was not more than 12.5 at.%. However, the Ti-Zr-Nb shape memory alloys with a Nb content higher than 12.5 at.% possessed the β→α″ martensitic transformation. However, both the largest transformation strain and sensitivity of critical stress to temperature (dσ/dT) can be optimized by controlling 12.5 at.% Nb in the Ti-Zr-Nb shape memory alloy, which was favorable to obtaining the largest elastocaloric effect.

Interface induced photoluminescence enhancement from heterojunction BaMoO4/HEAs phosphors: Experiment, theory and anti-counterfeiting application

The BaMoO4/FeCoNiCrMo (BMO/HEA(Mo)), BMO/FeCoNiCrTi (HEA(Ti)) and BMO/FeCoNiCrTiAl (HEA(Al)) phosphors were synthesized by an integrated technology. The structural characterization showed that except the main lattice phase, only the characteristic peak of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) appeared in BMO/HEAs phosphors and the existence of lattice distortion for [MoO4]2- in BMO. The microstructure analysis confirmed that there is a special interface contact between BMO and HEAs, which makes the metal in HEAs easy to have a certain connection with BMO, which causes the lattice distortion of [MoO4]2- to intensify, thus accelerating the recombination rate of charge carriers in BMO/HEAs phosphors. The BMO/HEAs phosphors have a strong emission peak at 445 nm under the excitation wavelength of 285 nm. Theoretical calculations and experiments confirmed that the luminescence of BMO/HEAs phosphor is caused by the lattice distortion of [MoO4]2-, the interface defect of BMO/HEAs and the recombination of charge carriers. The Mo in HEA(Mo) can accelerate the recombination rate of charge carriers between BMO and HEAs, thus enhancing the luminescence performance of BMO/HEA(Mo) phosphor and exhibit dynamic fluorescence anti-counterfeiting applications. However, the Ti in HEA(Ti) and Al in HEA(Al) can easily separate the charge carriers between BMO and HEAs, thus reducing the luminescence of BMO/HEA(Ti) and BMO/HEA(Al) phosphors.

Elucidating the Limit of Lithium Difluorophosphate Electrolyte Additive for High‐Voltage Li/Mn‐Rich Layered Oxide || Graphite Li Ion Batteries

Li/Mn‐rich layered oxide (LMR) cathode active materials offer remarkably high specific discharge capacity (>250 mAh g−1) from both cationic and anionic redox. The latter necessitates harsh charging conditions to high cathode potentials (>4.5 V vs Li|Li+), which is accompanied by lattice oxygen release, phase transformation, voltage fade, and transition metal (TM) dissolution. In cells with graphite anode, TM dissolution is particularly detrimental as it initiates electrode crosstalk. Lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known for its pivotal role in suppressing electrode crosstalk through TM scavenging. In LMR || graphite cells charged to an upper cutoff voltage (UCV) of 4.5 V, effective TM scavenging effects of LiDFP are observed. In contrast, for an UCV of 4.7 V, the scavenging effects are limited due to more severe TM dissolution compared an UCV of 4.5 V. Given the saturation in solubility of the TM scavenging agents, which are LiDFP decomposition products, e.g., PO43− and PO3F2−, higher concentrations of the LiDFP as “precursor” cannot enhance the amount of scavenging species, they rather start to precipitate and damage the anode.

Synergistic modulation of SrTiO3-TiO2 colossal permittivity system by internal lattice defects and phase composition: Experimental and theoretical investigations

The SrTiO3–TiO2 composite ceramics with different contents of La doping were fabricated by traditional solid-state sintering methods. The performance of the colossal permittivity ceramics was enhanced by the synergistic design of the internal defect structure and phase composition. When the doping content is 2%, SrTiO3–TiO2 composite ceramics possessed a colossal permittivity (ԑr ∼ 1.1 × 105), low dielectric loss (tanδ ∼ 0.050) and favorable thermal stability (−70 °C-150 °C, ΔC/C25°C ≤ ±15%). Phase structure analysis suggested that a TiO2 secondary phase was induced at the grain boundaries of SrTiO3 phase with the addition of La3+ ions. XPS and dielectric behavior analyses revealed that oxygen vacancies and lattice defects formed by inhomogeneous ion-doping act to modulate the dielectric behavior in ceramics. The IBLC interfacial effects in relation to semiconductor grains and insulation grain boundaries are the main contributors to the colossal permittivity (CP) properties of ceramics, and the contribution of the IBLC effects becomes more prominent with increasing doping content. On the basis of first-principles analysis, the ceramic lattice undergoes severe deformation when the La content is increased, and the gathering of electrons at oxygen vacancies and defects is evident. As a result, it leads to enhanced grain semiconducting properties and interfacial effects, which facilitate colossal permittivity and low dielectric loss for ceramics. The results are prospective in the application of CP ceramics.

Structure and tunable temperature coefficient of magnetization of Mn4-xGaxC alloys prepared by induction melting method

Abstract The magnetization of most magnetic materials decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. In this work, we found that the temperature coefficient of magnetization of Mn4-x Ga x C alloys can be tuned from negative values to positive values by controlling the composition x. The antiperovskite-type Mn4-x Ga x C (0.05≤x≤0.75) alloys were prepared by using induction melting method, which is more efficient in large-scale production and obtaining full-density alloys in comparison with the traditional solid-state-reaction method. The values of the temperature coefficient of magnetization of Mn4-x Ga x C change continuously from negative to positive with decreasing x. The Mn4-x Ga x C alloys with highly thermal-stable magnetization is expected to present in the composition range of 0.15<x<0.25. The saturation magnetization of Mn4-x Ga x C increases with increasing x, owing to the reduced number of antiferromagnetically coupled Mn atoms at the cubic corner with the face-centered Mn atoms. Most Mn4-x Ga x C alloys with varying x display near-zero remanent magnetization and coercivity at room temperature. The Currie temperature of Mn4-x Ga x C decreases with increasing x. The x-ray photoelectron spectra of Mn 2p, Ga 2p, and C 1 s reveal distinct splitting due to the diverse chemical states of these atoms at different lattice positions and/or phases. Our work has developed a class of alloys capable of offering a desired temperature coefficient of magnetization across a broad temperature range, thereby offering a method to manipulate the thermodynamics of magnetization.

Microstructure evolution and catalytic activity of AlCo1−xFeNiTiMox high entropy alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy route

This investigation presents the synthesis of equiatomic and non-equiatomic AlCo1−xFeNiTiMox (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0) high entropy alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying. Mo partially replaced Co. Classic thermodynamic calculations, such as mixing enthalpy (ΔHmix), configurational entropy (ΔSmix), the atomic size difference (δ), entropy to enthalpy ratio (Ω), electronegativity difference (△χ), and valence electron concentration (VEC) were used. Considering δ, Ω and VEC parameters, a BCC solid solution and an intermetallic phase can be predicted due to the partial replacement of Co by Mo. X-ray and electron diffraction of equiatomic HEA without Mo content revealed that after 35 h of milling, a Fe-type BCC lattice phase was formed in the alloy and two L21 phases, in addition to a minimal amount of FCC phase. As the Mo content increased, the Fe-type BCC phase was steadily replaced by the Mo-type BCC phase and the Fe-type FCC phase, and two L21 phases were also developed. When the 5 at% Mo-containing (x = 0.25) alloy was further milled for 80 h, the amount of phases remained almost the same; only the grain size was strongly reduced. The influence of the Mo addition on the properties of studied alloys was also confirmed in the decolourisation of Rhodamine B using a modified photo-Fenton process. The decolourisation efficiency within 20 min was 72% for AlCoFeNiTi and 87% for AlCo0.75FeNiTiMo0.25 using UV light with 365 nm wavelength.

A machine learning–based framework for mapping hydrogen at the atomic scale

Hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, plays essential roles in a variety of clean energy technologies and industrial processes. For over a century, it has been known that hydrogen can significantly degrade the mechanical properties of materials, leading to issues like hydrogen embrittlement. A major challenge that has significantly limited scientific advances in this field is that light atoms like hydrogen are difficult to image, even with state-of-the-art microscopic techniques. To address this challenge, here, we introduce Atom-H, a versatile and generalizable machine learning-based framework for imaging hydrogen atoms at the atomic scale. Using a high-resolution electron microscope image as input, Atom-H accurately captures the distribution of hydrogen atoms and local stresses at lattice defects, including dislocations, grain boundaries, cracks, and phase boundaries. This provides atomic-scale insights into hydrogen-governed mechanical behaviors in metallic materials, including pure metals like Ni, Fe, Ti and alloys like FeCr. The proposed framework has an immediate impact on current research into hydrogen embrittlement and is expected to have far-reaching implications for mapping "invisible" atoms in other scientific disciplines.

Insights into effects of Fe doping on phase stability, martensitic transformation, and magnetic properties in Ni-Mn-Ti-Fe all-d-metal Heusler alloys

In this work, the effects of Fe doping on phase stability, martensitic transformation, and magnetic properties of Ni50Mn37.5-xTi12.5Fex (x = 3.125, 6.25, 9.375) all-d-metal Heusler alloys were systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The results indicate a tendency for doped Fe atoms to aggregate within the Ni50Mn37.5-xTi12.5Fex alloys. As Fe concentration increases, a gradual reduction in both lattice constants and phase stability of austenite and martensite is observed. In the absence or presence of minimal Fe doping, both austenite and martensite exhibit antiferromagnetic behavior. However, at x = 9.375, a transition to a ferromagnetic state is observed in the austenite phase. This transition is attributed to the activation of the ferromagnetic coupling effect in the austenite phase induced by Fe doping in the Ni-Mn-Ti alloy. In contrast, the martensite phase maintains its antiferromagnetic characteristics throughout the doping range. A comprehensive analysis of the electronic structure elucidates the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the martensitic transformation and magnetic property changes.

High-performance single crystal Ni-rich cathode with regulated lattice and interface constructed by separated lithiation and crystallization calcination

Incorporating high valence dopants, such as W6+ and Mo6+ has been verified to be effective for tuning the microstructure and grain boundary of polycrystal Ni-rich cathode. However, the hindered consolidation of primary particles induced by dopants during lithiation calcination limits the utilization of those dopants to crystalize single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes with stabilized lattice and surface. Herein, high performance single crystal LiNi0.84Co0.11Mn0.05O2 cathode with Al3+ and W6+ regulated lattice and boundary phase was construed based on commercial process with two-step calcination process containing separated lithiation and crystallization. The introduction of appropriate amount of Al3+ in the first lithiation calcination of 6 h endows the bulk of crystalline with enhanced lattice stability, while the incorporation of W6+ with stoichiometrical LiOH in the secondary crystallization calcination of 6 h renders uniformly distributed surface layer without hampering the growth of single-crystal. With the Al3+ doped bulk lattice, W6+ doped subsurface region and hetero-epitaxially grown Li2WO4, the cathode infused by two-step calcination exhibits high discharge capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability. Specifically, the modified LiNi0.84Co0.11Mn0.05O2 exhibits exceptional capacity retention, maintaining 88.98% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles at a rate of 1 C within a voltage window of 2.7–4.3 V at a temperature of 25 °C in half-cell. This performance is markedly superior to the capacity retention of 72.96% observed for pristine cathode. Even when subjected to a stringent test after 200 cycles at the same rate, the modified cathode sustains an impressive capacity retention of 82.41% at an elevated cut-off voltage of 4.5 V and a temperature of 30 °C.

Multinoncentrosymmetric Two-Dimensional Trilayered Lead Bromide Perovskites with Methylhydrazinium Cations: Lattice Dynamics, Phase Transitions, Dielectric Response, and Optical Properties

Multinoncentrosymmetric Two-Dimensional Trilayered Lead Bromide Perovskites with Methylhydrazinium Cations: Lattice Dynamics, Phase Transitions, Dielectric Response, and Optical Properties

Structural, electronic, thermoelectric and optical properties of 2D hexagonal beryllium telluride under DFT investigation

In this study we have investigated structural, electronic, thermoelectric and optical properties of monolayer beryllium telluride compound in the hexagonal lattice phase (h-BeTe) using first principle calculations under density functional theory (DFT) approach. Using the frequency dependent phonon dispersion curves, we have analyzed the stability of the h-BeTe compound. The investigation of structural properties, including density of states (DOS) and band structure, demonstrates that h-BeTe is a direct bandgap semiconductor material with bandgap value of 3.054 eV. The h-BeTe compound exhibits exceptional thermoelectric behavior for a temperature range of 50–800 K, as confirmed by the calculated thermoelectric parameters, including thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and figure of merit (ZT). It is vital that h-BeTe exhibits exceptional thermoelectric properties specifically, the figure of merit (ZT > 0.9) provides the efficiency of h-BeTe compound in temperature range of 300–800 K. The optical properties of h-BeTe are investigated for the first time with its interaction in applied external electric field based on various optical parameters such as real and imaginary dielectric constant, refractive index n(ω), extinction coefficient k(ω), absorption coefficient α(ω) and reflectivity R(ω). The optical properties analysis reveals the monolayer hexagonal beryllium telluride to be mostly active in the visible-UV spectrum. These findings have the potential to foster researchers to explore h-BeTe compound experimentally for possible optoelectronic applications.

Local lattice distortions and electronic phases in perovskite manganite Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3

We use variable temperature and magnetic field total x-ray scattering to study the crystal structure of the strongly correlated Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 perovskite, which is a paramagnetic insulator at room temperature, becomes a ferromagnetic metal at 272 K and, upon further decreasing the temperature, turns into an antiferromagnetic insulator at 105 K. We find that a model featuring a monoclinic symmetry captures the structure and its temperature and field evolution well, eliminating the need to evoke a phase segregation scenario as done in prior studies. It appears that coupled variations in Mn–oxygen bonding distances and angles from their values in an undistorted perovskite lattice, i.e., coupled local lattice distortions, assist the phase transitions in Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3, contributing to its unique physical properties. Local structural distortions thus emerge as an important degree of freedom in strongly correlated systems, in particular perovskite manganates, and, therefore, they should be fully accounted for when their fascinating physics is considered.

Analyzing the Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on the Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials in United States

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyzing the effect of magnetic field strength on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In the United States show that magnetic field strength affects the behavior of ferromagnetic materials by inducing structural changes, influencing lattice distortions and phase transformations. These findings deepen our understanding of magneto structural coupling, aiding material design. Additionally, research on magnetostriction behavior highlights the interplay between field strength, microstructure, and response. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Domain theory, stoner-wohlfarth model & micro magnetic theory may be used to anchor future studies on magnetic field strength on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials. Conduct systematic experimental studies to validate theoretical predictions and elucidate the practical implications of magnetic field effects on material behavior. Governments and funding agencies should allocate resources to support research infrastructure for studying magnetic materials and phenomena.

Hidden-vortex quantum droplets in an optical lattice

We explore discrete quantum droplets with hidden-vortex structures in a deep two-dimensional optical lattice containing a Bose-Bose mixture. Using the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and considering local interactions and Lee-Huang-Yang corrections, we affirm the stable existence of these droplets, which are identified by identical density patterns and opposing vortices in both components. We extensively study the droplets with lower topological charges, focusing on their morphological changes. Despite the expansion of internal boundaries within the vortex mode with increased charge, the lattice symmetry and phase change limit the boundary growth, leading to a unique mode pattern degeneracy exclusive to discrete systems. By fixing the norm of the states (representing the particle number of the system), we identify multiple degenerate modes with topological charges up to 5, plotting their chemical potential curves and providing a theoretical explanation for the energy changes linked to topological charge. Our simulations confirm these outcomes, validating our discoveries.

High-pressure phase transitions of Fe-bearing orthopyroxene revealed by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Orthopyroxene is one of the dominant minerals in the Earth’s upper mantle. In this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the lattice vibration and phase transition of orthopyroxene with four different compositions using diamond-anvil cells up to 34 GPa at 300 K. Our orthopyroxene samples contain 0 (En100), 9% (En91Fs9), 11% (En86Fs11), and 21% (En74Fs21) Fe. At ambient conditions, the Raman modes exhibit a negative dependence on the Fe content, with the exception of the modes at ~850 and 930 cm–1. In contrast, these two Raman modes increase with increasing the Fe content. The phase transition from metastable α- to β-phase was observed at 12.9–15 GPa for samples with <21 mol% Fe and varying Fe content has a minor effect on the phase transition pressure. Besides Fe, incorporation of 2–24 mol% Al can cause an increase in the phase transition pressure from 10–13 to 14–16 GPa. At 29–30.1 GPa, we observed the second apparent change in the Raman spectra for all four investigated samples. For Fe-bearing orthopyroxene, this change in the Raman spectra and frequency shift is associated with the phase transition from β- to γ-phase, whereas for En100, it should be caused by the change of coordination number of Si from 4 to 6 or the presence of α-popx phase. Using the obtained Raman frequency shifts, we calculated the Grüneisen parameters at high pressures. These parameters are useful for understanding the thermoelastic properties of orthopyroxene at high pressures.

Bimerons create bimerons: Proliferation and aggregation induced by currents and magnetic fields

AbstractThe aggregation of topological spin textures at nano and micro scales has practical applications in spintronic technologies. Here, the authors report the in‐plane current‐induced proliferation and aggregation of bimerons in a bulk chiral magnet. It is found that the spin‐transfer torques can induce the proliferation and aggregation of bimerons only in the presence of an appropriate out‐of‐plane magnetic field. It is also found that a relatively small damping and a relatively large non‐adiabatic spin‐transfer torque could lead to more pronounced bimeron proliferation and aggregation. Particularly, the current density should be larger than a certain threshold in order to trigger the proliferation; namely, the bimerons may only be driven into translational motion under weak current injection. Besides, the authors find that the aggregate bimerons could relax into a deformed honeycomb bimeron lattice with a few lattice structure defects after the current injection. The results are promising for the development of bio‐inspired spintronic devices that use a large number of aggregate bimerons. The findings also provide a platform for studying aggregation‐induced effects in spintronic systems, such as the aggregation‐induced lattice phase transitions.

Solidification Mechanism of Microstructure of Al-Si-Cu-Ni Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Mechanical Properties Effect

Based on previous work, where Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloy was successfully manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) technology, in this study, we further observe the microstructure of the alloy, analyze the formation mechanism of the microstructure during solidification, and discuss their implications for the mechanical properties. The results indicate that the microstructure comprises multi-level cellular heterogeneous structures, with an α-Al matrix in the interior of the cellular structure and Cu- and Ni-rich phases clustered at the boundaries, intertwined with the silicon network. During solidification, α-Al solidifies first and occupies the core of the cells, while Si phases and Cu- and Ni-rich phases deposit along the cellular boundaries under the influence of surface tension. During the solidification process of cellular boundaries, influenced by spinodal decomposition and lattice spacing, Si phases and Cu- and Ni-rich phases interconnect and distribute crosswise, collectively forming multi-level cellular structures. The refined cellular microstructure of the PBF-LB/M Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloy enhances the mechanical properties of the alloy. The alloy exhibits a bending strength of 766 ± 30 MPa, a tensile strength and yield strength of 437 ± 6 MPa and 344 ± 4 MPa, respectively, with a relatively low fracture elongation of approximately 1.51 ± 0.07%. Subsequent improvement can be achieved through appropriate heat treatment processes.

Transmission Electron Microscopic and X-ray Diffraction Based Study of Crystallographic Bibliography Demonstrated on Silver, Copper and Titanium Nanocrystals: State of the Art Statical Review

This statistical review compares the crystallographic structures of functional nanocrystals composed of silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. TEM provides high-resolution imaging to directly visualize individual nanoparticles' size, internal shape and crystallinity. Statistical analysis quantifies variations in lattice parameters, crystal structure, size distributions, phase compositions, lattice strains, preferred orientation and lattice volume of these three crystalline nanomaterials. The review highlights the complementary roles of TEM and XRD in comprehensive Ag, Cu and Ti nanocrystalline materials characterization. The crystallographic functional parameters of Ag were 2θ= 38.1° (111), 44.3° (200) and 64.4° (220); for Cu crystal 43.3° (111), 50.4° (200), 74.1° (220), 89.9° (311) and 95.1° (222) and 35.1° (100), 38.4° (002), 40.2° (101), 53.0° (102), 63.0° (103), 70.7° (110), 76.2° (112), 82.3° (201) demonstrated for Ti nanocrystals. The crystallographic predominant plane or Miller indices were also revealed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) on TEM. The FCC structure of Ag and Cu is shown in larger lattice volumes compared to the HCP structure of Ti and prefer oriented. The degree of crystallinity of Ti, Cu and Ag nanocrystalline materials was observed at 90.0%, 98.0% and 100.0% respectively. This quantitative comparison provides valuable insights into the structural property relationships in these nanocrystals, enabling rational design strategies for optimizing their performance in various functional applications.