Latin American Economic Integration Research Articles

The Pacific Alliance and the Belt and Road Initiative

PurposeThrough the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has built bilateral relations with Latin American states. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential for using the Pacific Alliance (PA) as a negotiating frame as regards the Belt and Road Initiative.Design/methodology/approachWe use a descriptive and analytical methodology to recapitulate and analyze the factual and normative background of Latin American economic integration during the last three decades, a process that so far has culminated in the Pacific Alliance (PA) and an emphasis on the Asia–Pacific region.FindingsWe contend that the PA has been a learning process in terms of economic cooperation. In addition, it is a Latin American economic integration project that emphasizes its focus on the Asia–Pacific region. Considering the nature of BRI projects, as well as Latin American states’ and China’s interests, we contend that it would be beneficial if Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, the members of the PA, and China channeled their BRI relations through the PA. Thus, the PA should be China’s negotiating partner.Originality/valueSo far, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Latin America has been built upon bilateral relations. This article explores the possibility of developing the BRI through the Pacific Alliance (PA).

Понятия, виды и формы евразийского и латиноамериканского интеграционных объединений (сравнительно-правовой анализ)

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the concept, types and forms of Eurasian and Latin-American integration associations. On the authors’ mind the integration association is the group of states united on the basis of an international treaty to achieve the integration goals. It is proposed to distinguish between the integration associations of the coordination and supranational types. According to the identified features of each of the indicated types of integration associations the authors conclude that the Organization of American States is the union of the coordination type, the MERCOSUR is in transition from coordination to supranational integration association, in the Andean Community the supranational model is implemented, and the Eurasian Economic Union tends to the supranational association. It is noted that integration associations can be also classified depending on the different forms of economic integration (free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union, etc.). The main forms of the Latin-American economic integration are free trade area and customs union, while the common market is still developing. The forms of the Eurasian economic integration are the customs union, the common economic space, forming common market. A trend of formation of new forms and types of inter-state integration associations and cooperation between them, particularly in the form of a mega-association (Union of South American Nations) is revealed. The ways of further development of the integration associations in Latin America and Eurasia are marked.

Finding the growth rate during formation of South American community of Nations

This article considers computation technique of the growth rate during formation of South American Community of Nations. Found values of growth are compared with the ones previously computed for Mexico and Canada under the formation of NAFTA in 1994, and much higher to the ones observed under formation of the EurAzEC in 2000 and the 2004 EU expansion. The method of computing the rate of growth in cases of economic integration requires statistics of the value added of sectors and domestic savings rates of member states willing to be economically integrated. Key words: Modelling international economic integration, growth rate of the GDP, Latin American economic integration.

MERCOSUL: ANTECEDENTES, ORIGEM E DESEMPENHO RECENTE

O artigo analisa as principais experiências de integração econômica na América Latina, com destaque para os processos que deram origem ao Mercosul. Inicialmente, são discutidos os antecedentes históricos e as propostas da Cepal, e o desenvolvimento e desempenho da Alalc e da Aladi. Sobre o processo de integração bilateral entre Brasil e Argentina, nos anos 1980, destaca-se a realização de acordos intrasetoriais como uma maneira inovadora de integração. O Mercosul é tratado no contexto de sua constituição e primeiros resultados, enquanto um processo político bem sucedido, voltando-se, entretanto, a um padrão mais liberal de integração. Seu desempenho econômico até o presente é analisado a seguir, com destaque para a evolução e as dificuldades macroeconômicas, em suas relações com a integração. Apresentam-se também indicadores, com resultados positivos e negativos, de desempenho do Mercosul. Na conclusão, são discutidas a evolução e as perspectivas da integração econômica latino-americana, em um contexto de globalização e ameaça de marginalização e de baixo desempenho econômico regional, destacando-se a importância da participação empresarial e social na determinação do rumo das novas experiências.

Latin American Economic Integration, Experiences and Prospects. Edited by Miguel S. Wionczek (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966. Pp. xiv, 310. $7.50.)

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Explaining Latin American economic integration: the case of Mercosur

This paper develops and tests explanations of the motivations that drove the process of economic integration known as Mercosur (Southern Cone Common Market). The hypotheses tested are those that focus on elite considerations of geo-political, political economic and domestic politics factors when deciding to participate in international economic integration. We find that policy elite in Mercosur member states have been primarily driven by domestic political considerations when they have furthered the integration process. This leads to the conclusion that Mercosur is not likely to develop the kinds of supranational governance institutions present in the European Union, as policy elites in Mercosur member states desire to maintain a great deal of domestic policy autonomy.

Mercosur: the road to economic integration in the southern cone

This review of the historical record of economic integration in southern South America demonstrates that while MERCOSUR is very much an outgrowth of historical attempts at Latin American political and economic integration, and closely follows on the bilateral Argentina-Brazil accords of the mid-1980s, it also represents an adaptation to the contemporary political climate. The political process through which MERCOSUR was pursued and the emphasis on regional cooperation is reminiscent of the traditional rhetoric and strategy associated with Latin American integration attempts. Yet, the form and timing of its growth has clearly been influenced by international events and conditioned by current trends toward free markets and neo-liberal economic policies. As such, MERCOSUR represents the current set of public policies which define the new competitive environment for business in the Southern Cone.

El Nino, El Viejo and the global reshaping of Latin America: Surviving the UNCED coups

Faced with a new wave of neoliberal authoritarianism on the one hand, and on the other a Democrat alliance on human rights and the environment, Latin America's social-democrat politicians were key organisers of the 1992 Earth Summit. Like their US Democrat allies on human rights and natural resource planning, they had local experience which appeared to validate the risks of climate change, and a decade's experience in pioneering alternative regional energy strategies. They were also concerned about the impact on environmental rescue strategies of repayments on a US$420 billion regional debt. The outcome, despite compromises, was a bargaining position beyond the tolerance of vested interests. Two key presidents in Latin America involved in UNCED's organisation were deposed within a year of the summit in military assisted impeachment processes: one, Carlos Andres Perez, had been a cornerstone of regional work on resource management, human rights, debt, Latin American economic integration, South-South cooperation and the economic roots of democracy for a generation.

95/06726 Latin American energy and economic integration holds the key to economic success

95/06726 Latin American energy and economic integration holds the key to economic success

Latin American Economic Integration: A New Perspective on an Old Dream

Latin American Economic Integration: A New Perspective on an Old Dream

United States policies and the Latin American economies

Introduction by Werner Baer and Donald V. Coes to Brady to Chance? Tinkering with the Latin American Debt Crisis by David Felix and John Caskey United States Policies and Latin America's Trade and Debt by Werner Baer and Donald V. Coes Economic Growth and External Debt: Some Analytical Macroeconomic Issues for the Baker Plan by Paul Beckerman Privatization and the State Sector by William Glade Economic Performance of Public Enterprises in Latin America: Lessons from Argentina and Brazil by Melissa H. Birch United States Policies and the Labor Sector in Latin America by Russell E. Smith Debt Servicing and Its Impact on Financial Markets in Latin America by John H. Welch U.S. Policy and the Prospects for Latin American Economic Integration by Carlos Primo Braga Bibliography Indexes

Determinants of Urban Household Consumption in Latin America: A Summary of Evidence from the ECIEL Surveys

During 1966-72, the ECIEL Program of Joint Studies on Latin American Economic Integration (Estudios Conjuntos Sobre Integraci6n Econ6mica Latinoamericana, coordinated in Rio de Janeiro) undertook householdbudget surveys in 19 cities in 10 South American countries. I present here a selection of findings based on this information for 10 cities in five Andean countries (Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) collected in 1966-69 and analyzed during 1971-75. This project has coincided with a resurgence of interest in the role of saving in the economic growth of lessdeveloped countries and therefore in the factors determining how income is allocated between consumption and saving. However, most of the studies reviewed in a recent survey of the literature are based on macroeconomic data, usually on cross-national or time-series analysis of national accounts aggregates.' While there have also been many studies based on household-

Organizations of Latin American economic integration: Current periodical documents

This paper introduces the organizations of Latin American economic integration. The major periodical publications of these organizations are described and information is given by which they may be obtained.

Latin American Economic Integration and U. S. Policy.

Journal Article Carnoy (M.). Industrialization in a Latin American Common MarketGrunwald (J.), Wionczek (M. S.) & Carnoy (M.). Latin American Economic Integration and U.S. Policy Get access Latin American Economic Integration and U.S. Policy. By Joseph Grunwald, Miguel S. Wiongzek and Martin Carnoy. (Hemel Hempstead: George Allen & Unwin, 1972. Pp. xiii + 216. £3.30.)Industrialization in a Latin American Common Market, by Martin Carnoy. (Hemel Hempstead: George Allen & Unwin, 1972. Pp. xvii + 267. £4.20.) Michael Kuczynski Michael Kuczynski Pembroke College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 82, Issue 328, 1 December 1972, Pages 1461–1463, https://doi.org/10.2307/2231348 Published: 01 December 1972

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Migration of Workers in the United Kingdom and the European Community, W. R. Böhning U.S. Foreign Policy ad Peru, ed. by Daniel A. Sharp. Latin American Economic Integration and US. Policy, by Joseph Grunwald, Miguel S. Wionczek, and Martin Carnoy. Nongovernmental Forces and World Politics: A Study of Business, Labor, and Political Groups. Werner J. Feld. Praeger Special Studies in International Politics and Public Affairs The Coming Clash: The Impact of the International Corporation on the Nation State, by Hugh Stephenson Jean Monnet and the United States of Europe, by Merry and Serge Bromberger. Translated by Elaine P. Hajperin.

Latin American Economic Integration: Experiences and Prospects, by Miguel S. Wionczek; A Latin American Common Market? by Sidney Dell

Latin American Economic Integration: Experiences and Prospects, <i>by Miguel S. Wionczek</i>; A Latin American Common Market? <i>by Sidney Dell</i>

Latin American Economic Integration: Experiences and Prospects. Miguel S. Wionczek

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsLatin American Economic Integration: Experiences and Prospects. Miguel S. Wionczek Ernst B. HaasErnst B. Haas Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 15, Number 4Jul., 1967 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/450257 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1967 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Latin American Economic Integration. Experiences and Prospects.

Latin American Economic Integration. Experiences and Prospects.

Latin American Economic Integration. Experiences and Prospects

Latin American Economic Integration. Experiences and Prospects

Latin American Economic Integration

Recent years have witnessed the birth and development of two Latin American free trade zones, one in South America and one in Central America. Any superficial resemblance these may have to the European Common Market should not lead us to expect the current steps toward economic integration in Latin America to reproduce the European results. Even apart from the fact that a free trade zone is a much weaker form of integration than a common market, the circumstances in Latin America are quite different, especially as regards the area's low degree of economic development and high degree of imperialist economic dependence. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.