Latest Investigations Research Articles

Research of CFR SI Engine and Dacia single cylinder SI engine equipped with LASER and Classical Spark Plug

Latest investigation has shown that laser ignition offers many potential benefits compared to the classical spark plug ignition due to the improvement of the performance of internal combustion engines. This paper aims to show the progress made in recent research on laser ignited internal combustion engines and also discusses the advantages and control opportunities, while considering the challenges faced and the prospects for its future implementation. It has been demonstrated that laser ignition can be used to improve the control of the engine in areas such as improved combustion stability, reductions in emissions, lower idle speed and leaner operation. Moreover, laser ignition not only that is non-invasive, but it also has a great flexibility in terms of the ignition position. Therefore, it allows the possibility of multi-point ignition. On the other hand, spark plugs offer limited possibilities for optimising engine efficiency, as their fixed position within a cylinder and the protrusion of electrodes disturbs the cylinder geometry and can also quench the flame kernel. As a result, this paper explores several results of the recent research focusing on: indicated, mediated pressures and their wave dispersion.

Updates on Evidence-Based Practices to Reduce Preoperative and Intraoperative Contamination of Implants in Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review.

The current communication seeks to provide an updated narrative review on latest methods of reducing implant contaminations used during spine surgery. Recent literature review has shown that both preoperative reprocessing and intraoperative handling of implants seem to contaminate implants. In brief, during preoperative phase, the implants undergo repeated bulk cleaning with dirty instruments from the OR, leading to residue buildup at the interfaces and possibly on the surfaces too. This, due to its concealed nature, remains unnoticed by the SPD (sterile processing department) or other hospital staff. Nevertheless, these can be avoided by using individually prepackaged presterilized implants. In the intraoperative phase, the implants (in the sterile field) are directly touched by the scrub tech with soiled (assisting the surgeon dispose the tissues from the instruments in use) gloves for loading onto an insertion device. It is then kept exposed on the working table (either separately or next to the used instruments as the pedicles hole are being prepared). Latest investigation has shown that by the time it is implanted in the patient, it can harbor up to 10e7 bacterial colony-forming units. The same implants were devoid of such colony-forming units, when sheathed by an impermeable sterile sheath around the sterile implant.

Unique Redox Reaction between CuO Photocathode and Cysteine: Insight into the Mechanism for Cathodic Photoelectrochemical Bioanalysis.

Previously reported copper oxide-based cathodic photoelectrochemical bioanalysis of cysteine had attributed the decrease of the photocurrents to the binding of cysteine onto the CuO surface. However, our latest investigation found that the previous explanation was not correct. This Letter presents the in-depth study of such phenomena and a new insight into the underlying mechanism. Specifically, the unique redox reaction between the CuO photocathode and cysteine produced [Cys-Cu(I)] and cystine, and the insoluble complex blocked the partial contact between the photoelectrode and the dissolved O2-containing electrolyte and reduced the effective working area of the photocathode, leading to the decrease of photocurrent.

The Role of Polarity in Nonplanar Semiconductor Nanostructures.

The lack of mirror symmetry in binary semiconductor compounds turns them into polar materials, where two opposite orientations of the same crystallographic direction are possible. Interestingly, their physical properties (e.g., electronic or photonic) and morphological features (e.g., shape, growth direction, and so forth) also strongly depend on the polarity. It has been observed that nanoscale materials tend to grow with a specific polarity, which can eventually be reversed for very specific growth conditions. In addition, polar-directed growth affects the defect density and topology and might induce eventually the formation of undesirable polarity inversion domains in the nanostructure, which in turn will affect the photonic and electronic final device performance. Here, we present a review on the polarity-driven growth mechanism at the nanoscale, combining our latest investigation with an overview of the available literature highlighting suitable future possibilities of polarity engineering of semiconductor nanostructures. The present study has been extended over a wide range of semiconductor compounds, covering the most commonly synthesized III-V (GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb) and II-VI (ZnO, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe) nanowires and other free-standing nanostructures (tripods, tetrapods, belts, and membranes). This systematic study allowed us to explore the parameters that may induce polarity-dependent and polarity-driven growth mechanisms, as well as the polarity-related consequences on the physical properties of the nanostructures.

SERIES OF EARTHQUAKES IN THE VLANDOVO EPICENTRAL AREA, MAY – JUNE 2009

Seismic activity occurred in the Valandovo epicentral area was manifested through a series of weak to moderate earthquakes from May to June 2009. During this period more than a 2000 earthquakes were recorded by the telemetric seismological network of the Republic of Macedonia (SORM) and seismological stations from neighboring countries. Many of these earthquakes were felt on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, Greece and Bulgaria. The strongest earthquake, with local Richter magnitude ML=5.1 and epicentral intensity Io=VII EMS-1998 scale, was on May 24, 2009, at UTC 16h 17min. According to all instrumental data, our latest investigation of seismic activity parameters for this epicentral area pointed out the activity of Valandovo fault and focal parameters were determined.

MICHAŁ TYSZKIEWICZ (1828–1897): AN ILLUSTRIOUS COLLECTOR OF ANTIQUITIES

Michał Tyszkiewicz was an outstanding collector of antiquities and a pioneer of Polish archaeological excavations in Egypt conducted in late 1861 and early 1862, which yielded a generous donation of 194 Egyptian antiquities to the Paris Louvre. Today Tyszkiewicz’s name features engraved on the Rotunda of Apollo among the major Museum’s donors. Having settled in Rome for good in 1865, Tyszkiewicz conducted archaeological excavations there until 1870. He collected ancient intaglios, old coins, ceramics, silverware, golden jewellery, and sculptures in bronze and marble. His collection ranked among the most valuable European ones created in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Today, its elements are scattered among over 30 major museums worldwide, e.g. London’s British Museum, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, or the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The latest investigation of M. Tyszkiewicz’s correspondence to the German scholar Wilhelm Froehner demonstrated that Tyszkiewicz widely promoted the development of archaeology and epigraphy; unique pieces from his collections were presented at conferences at Rome’s Academia dei Lincei or at the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris, and published by Italian, French, Austrian, and German scholars. He was considered an expert in glyptic, and today’s specialists, in recognition of his merits, have called a certain group of ancient cylinder seals the ‘Tyszkiewicz Seals’, an Egyptian statue in black basalt has been named the ‘Tyszkiewicz Statue’, whereas an unknown painter of Greek vases from the 5th century BC has been referred to as the ‘Painter Tyszkiewicz’.

MicroRNA replacement therapy in cancer.

Despite the recent progress in cancer management approaches, the mortality rate of cancer is still growing and there are lots of challenges in the clinics in terms of novel therapeutics. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs and are already confirmed to have a great role in regulating gene expression level by targeting multiple molecules that affect cell physiology and disease development. Recently, miRNAs have been introduced as promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Regulatory potential of tumor suppressor miRNAs, which enables regulation of entire signaling networks within the cells, makes them an interesting option for developing cancer therapeutics. In this regard, over recent decades, scientists have aimed at developing powerful and safe targeting approaches to restore these suppressive miRNAs in cancerous cells. The present review summarizes the function of miRNAs in tumor development and presents recent findings on how miRNAs have served as therapeutic agents against cancer, with a special focus on tumor suppressor miRNAs (mimics). Moreover, the latest investigations on the therapeutic strategies of miRNA delivery have been presented.

SEISMICITY OF DEBAR EPICENTRAL AREA

Main neotectonic regions in the territory of the Republic of Macedonia are the Vardar zone, West Macedonia and East Macedonia. These regions, being developed within major, regional tectonic units, are permanently uplifting with different intensities. They also show differences in the seismic activity, which is the reason to treat them as separate seismic zones, named with the same names. Debar epicentral area belongs to the West Macedonia seismic zone. This epicentral area is presented by the sinking of Drim graben (valley), crisscrossed by neotectonic faults which coused strong earthquake in 1967y, with Richter magnitude ML=6.5 and intensity Io=IX degrees EMS–1998 scale. After 1900y several moderate (5.0≤ML≤5.9) and light (4.0≤ML≤4.9) and lot of small earthquakes with magnitude ML ≤3.9 are also observed. According to all instrumental data, our latest investigation of seismic activity parameters for this epicentral area pointed out the activity of Elbasan-Debar fault.

XVI Meeting of Physics

PrefaceIt is a great pleasure for the editorial committee to introduce the Proceedings of the XVI Meeting of Physics. This event is an initiative of a team of Peruvian scientists –local and living abroad– in conjunction with various renowned international guests that, since 1999, year after year gather to present and share the results of their latest investigations in physics and related areas. A major objective of these meetings is to provide students with the superb opportunity to closely interact with experts. Moreover, students are also invited and encouraged by their supervisors to present their work in poster sessions and then, within a reasonable time, write an improved version of their results in the form of a scientific article, in such a way that those papers can pass a peer review and become published in proceedings such as this, along with the works of keynote speakers and senior researchers. For some students this is the first time to publish. For this reason, the editorial committee and their supervisors had especial patience and interacted several times with them until their articles reached a publishable level.This XVI edition of the Meeting of Physics is an especial one as we honor the memory of our mentor, teacher and friend, Prof. Holger Valqui, who passed away in Nov 2016. Prof. Valqui was not only a rigorous mathematical physicist but also a highly intuitive scientist, who contributed to popularize classical and new scientific ideas among students and general public. He also thought us the value of skepticism as key part of scientific validation and discovery. Another quality of Prof. Valqui was his sense of humor, which was one more motivation for us to deal with science.Prof. Valqui got two first degrees, one in Electrical Engineering and another in Mathematics from UNI (1954) and UNMSM (1956) respectively. He continued his studies in the Heidelberg University, Germany, graduating as “Diplom-Physiker” in 1962, having as supervisor Prof. J. Hans D. Jensen who in 1963 shared the Nobel Prize with Maria G. Mayer “For their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure”. Since 1962 when he joined the Faculty of Science of the “Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería” (UNI) and for 54 years until he passed away Prof. Valqui was an extraordinary teacher and researcher, participating in every possible activity related to science. Conferences, seminars, science fairs (e.g. EXPOCIENCIA), students thesis supervision, lectures, etc. In fact, he was the initiator of these Meetings of Physics, which started as a set of seminars in theoretical physics then it was expanded to become a local/international event.At the moment, several former students of Prof. Valqui occupy relevant positions in various research organizations in Peru and around the world. Some of us would like to dedicate our time and efforts to invite our international colleagues and friends to this event and in that way continue his legacy.We would like to thank the Dean of the Faculty of Sciences of UNI, Prof. Orlando Pereyra, for the procedures that lead to the organization of this event, to our colleagues in Peru and abroad that contributed with its realization, to the IOP Publishing members for their patience while waiting for the final versions of the papers and to every author who has contributed with an article in these proceedings.Rosendo OchoaEner SalinasHarold Blas

Transcriptome-wide survey of pseudorabies virus using next- and third-generation sequencing platforms

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus of swine. PRV has a large double-stranded DNA genome and, as the latest investigations have revealed, a very complex transcriptome. Here, we present a large RNA-Seq dataset, derived from both short- and long-read sequencing. The dataset contains 1.3 million 100 bp paired-end reads that were obtained from the Illumina random-primed libraries, as well as 10 million 50 bp single-end reads generated by the Illumina polyA-seq. The Pacific Biosciences RSII non-amplified method yielded 57,021 reads of inserts (ROIs) aligned to the viral genome, the amplified method resulted in 158,396 PRV-specific ROIs, while we obtained 12,555 ROIs using the Sequel platform. The Oxford Nanopore’s MinION device generated 44,006 reads using their regular cDNA-sequencing method, whereas 29,832 and 120,394 reads were produced by using the direct RNA-sequencing and the Cap-selection protocols, respectively. The raw reads were aligned to the PRV reference genome (KJ717942.1). Our provided dataset can be used to compare different sequencing approaches, library preparation methods, as well as for validation and testing bioinformatic pipelines.

PERSONAL PHILOSOPHIZING MOTIVES: DESCARTES AND KIERKEGAARD

Purрose of the рaрer is to emphasize affinity and succession in the aррroaches of Descartes and Kierkegaard to the interpretation of key factors of their philosophical search. It could be implemented through understanding such viewpoints of both thinkers as a) appropriate reasons for human existence; b) possible factors for human freedom as a condition of self-actualization; c) original approach to prove the existence of God. Theoretical basis. The use of phenomenology and hermeneutics enable us to comprehend the key philosopher’s ideas as the manifestation of their personalities. Originality. The author believes that it is quite right to refer to the philosophy of the early modern period as a form of its demand fulfillment for human development. An essential prerequisite for revealing the toрic of the article is a focus on the latest investigations of Descartes’ philosophy, which demonstrate the anthropological significance. Since Kierkegaard’s viewpoint was developed through depersonalized understanding of philosophy, related motives of their thoughts are expressed by emphasizing their personal motives of philosophizing. This affinity is reflected firstly, in distancing from depersonalized and dehumanized world view; secondly, in religion-oriented search and proof of God’s existence based on human nature. Conclusions. Due to the modern state of historical and philosophical science, it is possible to argue that Descartes and Kierkegaard had content-related philosophizing motives, which are close to current search. Interpreting Descartes’ anthropological project by Kierkegaard, the author states the accepted determining influence of Hegel’s philosophy interpretation in general and his interpretation of Descartes, in particular. This argument allows to understand Kierkegaard’s search as Hegel’s deconstruction, because further uncritical retention and reproduction of his viewpoints are evaluated as a threat to fulfill human spiritual calling. A common and important thing in the views of both thinkers is their strong interest in individual and personal aspects of human nature as a constituent factor of God’s existence.

Development of contractures in spastic forms of cerebral palsy: Pathogenesis and prevention

The origin of contractures in spastic forms of cerebral palsy (CP) is unclear. Tomorrow the early appearance and persistence of spasticity are not qualified as the main reason of growths disturbances, musculo-skeletal system deformations and secondary orthopedic complications. The latest investigations have shown prominent changes in the spastic muscles on the different structural levels and stages of muscle development. This study describes the histological, morphological, and biomechanical changes in the spastic muscles that play a pathophysiological role in the formation of CP contractions. The authors discuss the changes in the muscle fiber size, differentiation and elastic properties, degrees of the lengthening resistance in the bundles of muscle fibers, extracellular matrix proliferation, structural and mechanical changes, disturbances in gene expression and regulation in the tendons and muscle tissue, changes in the length and number of sarcomers, as well as the length and cross-section of the whole muscle.
 Therefore, the movement limitations and contractions in CP do not depend on one universal mechanism. It is a combination of different structural changes in the muscles and the failure of the central movement and postural control.

THE FEATURES OF PROCESSES OF SKILLS (SPECIAL COMPETENCIES) FORMATION

Introduction . The present article continues a series of the authors’ publications devoted to key problems of a modern educational process organization and ensuring its efficiency. A starting point of the latest investigation stage has been a gap between the available models of formation and diagnostics of special competencies and the tasks for predicting a degree of success of development student’s skills in order to take adequate decisions on managing the process. The aim of the article is justification of a new methodological approach to formation of skills (special competencies) of students. Methodology and research methods . The methods of analysis and synthesis; fundamental principles of didactics, qualimetry, the efficiency theory and the decision-making theory were used. Results and scientific novelty . The theoretical bases of evaluation procedures of pupils’ skills created during training are stated. Reference points for the choice of learning process characteristics are designated; by following those characteristics it is possible to provide better development of skills. The tasks of analysis of the studied problem, information acquisition and modeling of the “situation mechanism” of special competencies formation are considered. It is proved that for educational process management optimization it is necessary to evaluate not only its result, but also its quality process, as well its quality system that provides the organization process. The combination of factors to exert the dominating influence over educational process effectiveness are singled out: a type of the applied pedagogical influence; a type of the realized didactic system; a set of personal trainee characteristics which include levels of his/her educational motivation, learning ability, creativity and enables to model and predict training results. It is shown that each of possible combinations of the leading factors represents separate version of a solution to the problem of the students’ skills formation process. The conclusion is drawn that these particular options have to make an initial set of alternatives for the educational process organization. Practical significance. This work has revealed basic features of variable processes for formation of skills (special competencies) of students to create correct, exact and reliable tools for measurement of learning outcomes.

Synthesis, Characterization of 4-Anilino-6,7-Dimethoxy Quinazoline Derivatives as Potential Anti-Angiogenic Agents.

Quinazolines are a big family of heterocyclic compounds with anti-cancer properties. The latest investigation was on synthesis, characterization of novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives for their anti-angiogenic effect. A series of novel 4-anilino-6,7-dimethoxy quinazoline derivatives were synthesized and characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS techniques. Cytotoxicity assays were performed for all compounds against different cell lines such as Human colon carcinoma (HCT116), Human chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) and Human breast cancer (SKBR3) cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), Trypan blue and Lactose dehydrogenase release assay. The selected compounds were evaluated for their anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effect on EAC tumor model. The molecular docking studies were drawn using maestro 2D sketcher and energy minimize was compounded by OPLS 2005. Among all compounds, RB4 and RB7 showed moderate activity whereas RB1 showed most potent activity comparable with that of the standard drug cisplatin against all three cell lines. RB1 also inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells in three different cell lines. Further, in-vivo studies revealed that RB1 significantly reduced secretion of ascites, tumor cell proliferation and increased the life span of tumor bearing mice. The antiangiogenic effect of RB1 was revealed from the reduced vessel sprouting in the peritoneum region of treated mice and induced avascular zone in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The insilco molecular docking studies clearly demonstrate the dual inhibitory potential of RB1 against VEGFR-2 and EGFR from binding to the active site of its receptors. However these studies clearly show that RB1 might be a potent antitumor and anti-angiogenic agent representing a promising lead for further optimization and elucidation of the mechanism of action.

Nano-Phytosome: A Developing Platform for Herbal Anti-Cancer Agents in Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. It has not yet been cured in an efficient manner and has remained a major challenge for current chemotherapy. This review summarizes the latest investigations regarding the possible application of phytosome complexes for cancer therapy, their formulation techniques, and mechanism of transportation through phytosome. Nanotechnology opened a pioneer field in cancer therapy by modifying significant properties of drugs and their carriers. Nanotechnology utilizes various nanostructures to transport anti-cancer agents to the site of action. The greater stability of nanophytosomes is due to formation of chemical links between phospholipid molecules and phytoactive agents. Among several new drug delivery systems, phytosomes depict an advanced technology to deliver phytoactive compounds to the target site of action, and at present, several phytosome formulations are in clinical use. Potential anti-cancer properties of phytoconstituents are enhanced by phytosomal formulations.

Ethics of information by Luciano Floridi – problem of informational privacy and morality of artificial agents

Introduction. The article tackles the concept of IE (information ethics), the fundamental principles of IE and its place in the contemporary philosophical discourse by Luciano Floridi which are being represented in his publication “The Ethics of Information” (2013). The purpose of the article is to elucidate the major characteristics of information ethics, to analyze the interconnection between ethics and concept of information, to consider the problems of the informational privacy and the morality of artificial agents as one of the most challenging issues which are indicated as an important part of the IE research as well. To achieve the aim mentioned above we apply the methods of comparative analysis, methods of the hermeneutic reconstruction and reinterpretation, analytical and synthetic methods. Based on the latest investigations and critical reviews it should be stressed that ethics was always considered a strictly human business and it has experienced a methodological crisis along with the whole philosophical discourse as well. As the major practical discipline, ethics deals with the ambivalent nature of human existence, its daily troubles and deepest concerns on how to be a human, its vision of the Self as a subject of a moral action and duty, therefore it regulates adequacy of norms of human behavior in society turning moral conventional norms into a law for the benefits of all. However, it should be noted that the sphere of ethical research is not restricted to human matter anymore, morality can also be extrapolated on artificial agents, an approach to ethics can be re-formulated in order to adjust it to the demands of the informational age. Information ethics (IE) can be a crucially helpful field of research with handling digital information, identity theft, informational privacy, cyber war, computing devices and developing artificial intelligence. Conclusion. After reviewing the topics mentioned above it is necessary to mention that computer science and its technological applications influenced the world’s progress in social communication, media studies, cultural life and sphere of economy, in other words, a contemporary scientific picture of the world was transformed by ICTs. Ethics is supposed to be at the center of informational operations, digital information processing, furthermore, IE (information ethics) can regulate the informational flow in different ways based on its renewed principles. Due to the exponential increase in common knowledge (Luciano Floridi), information can be a dangerous tool used for wrong purposes which make IE more relevant than ever because everyone should share a responsibility for the world we live in.

ЗОНДОВІ ТА СПЕКТРАЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МАЛОПОТУЖНОГО ЕЛЕКТРОРЕАКТИВНОГО ХОЛЛОВСЬКОГО ДВИГУНА

The work is devoted to the study of a low-power Hall Effect Thruster. The currency of developing and increasing of integral characteristics of Hall Effect Thruster with power consumption less 0,3 kW is substantiated. The main directions of low-power Hall Effect Thruster investigation are considered. The analysis of latest investigations and studies of low-power Hall Effect Thruster showed the existence of three main directions - development of fundamentally new schemes, improvement of existing models, as well as works on study of physical processes features in Hall Effect Thruster with power consumption up to 0,3 kW.Using developed Hall Effect Thruster ITM-31, distribution of plasma parameters in the discharge channel has been studied by probe diagnostic, and the wear of the discharge chamber walls has been studied by optical spectroscopy. Thruster characteristics are given. Investigations were carried out in a vacuum chamber 0,5 m in diameter and 0,8 m in length. The pumping was carried out by a diffusion pumps. At a maximum xenon consumption rate 1,5 mg/s, the working pressure in the vacuum chamber did not exceed 2∙10-3 Torr. Probe measurements were performed using a single probe; probe was inserted into the discharge channel from the anode side. Calculation of plasma parameters was carried out graphically. The temperature and concentration of charged particles are calculated, and the electric potential distribution is obtained. Conclusions are made about the properties of the accelerating layer.It is shown that one of the non-intrusive methods of diagnostics is the method of optical emission spectroscopy (OES). With the help of this method it is possible to provide plasma parameters investigation and characteristics of the construction wear during the thruster testing at different regimes of operation and on each stage of thruster lifetime. For the spectroscopic investigation of the Hall Effect Thruster discharge chamber walls wear the scheme of the experiment and the equipment description is presented. For the estimation of the discharge chamber insulators erosion rate the spectral lines criteria and method of wavelengths selection is presented. Mathematical model of the thruster plasma plume experimental emission spectral data processing is described that was developed on the basis of actinometry hypothesis and corona model. Results of the spectroscopic investigation of the discharge chamber erosion rate at different thruster operational regimes are presented. From experimental and theoretical model the dependence of the discharge chamber insulators erosion rate from the discharge voltage was processed.

Characterisation and modelling the strength of EHSS steel grade spot weld for automotive joints and its application for frontal impact load-case

ABSTRACTEver increasing requirements regarding automotive safety have led to major innovations in the field of crash safety. With a greater emphasis placed on weight reduction, the ground vehicle industry has increased the use of higher strength, thinner gauge steels, particularly by using various new grades of high and ultra-high strength steels. Choice of a particular High strength steel HSS will depend upon such factors as cost, formability, fatigue resistance and weldability, in particular spot weldability. A modern car structure may consist of several thousand weld-type connections, and failure in these connections plays an important role for the crashworthiness of the vehicle. Therefore, accurate modelling of these connections is important for the automotive industry. This paper presents the latest investigation of the strength of steel grade spot-weld joints. This study shows a developed simplified spot-weld model in crash simulations to reach the best collision characteristics of the car to meet the Federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSS) requirements.

EARLY PRINTED CYRILLIC BOOKS OF THE MAKSYMOVYCH SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF THE TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV: THE NEW RESEARCH

The article describes the latest research activities on early printed cyrillic books of the Maksymovych Scientific Library, being conducted in 2016-2017. The main attention is paid to the identification of early print editions and the publication of “provenientia”, marginalia, hand-written notes which reveal the origins and history of use of the certain printed documents. The several early Kievan prints are mentioned as well as personalities and locations which are connected with during their long history of use. The latest investigation of two copies of Didactic Gospel, printed in1606 inKrylos, is described. One of them, which was indentified recently, has its origin in TranscarpathianUkraine, while the second copy was donated to the church in Podillya region in 1624, and reappeared much later in private collection of Nikolai Maklakov (1805–1881). A brief description of the scientific project “The interaction of Ukrainian and Belarusian printed book traditions from the 16th till the beginning of the 19th century” is included. The article has its practical purpose in filling the gap in knowledge of certain parts of ukrainian early printed book heritage, which may be valuable to bibliogists and codicologists, dealing with cyrillic prints and manuscripts respectively.

A Closer Look at Angiitis of the central nervous system.

Angiitis of the central nervous system (ACNS) is a rather new disease entity that is defined as vascular inflammation limited to the central nervous system and was formally nominated in 1959. Etiologically, it can be divided into primary and secondary ACNS. However, the potential pathogenesis of ACNS remains unclear. The clinical presentation is variable, and there is no consensus concerning its diagnosis and management. Although the incidence is relatively low, ACNS is still a life-threatening condition. It is essential to get a comprehensive and updated understanding of the disease. In this paper, we reviewed the history, definition, classification, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of ACNS. In addition, we focused on the latest investigations and viewpoints regarding the diagnosis and treatment of ACNS.