Lateral Slide Research Articles

Impact of the scapular dyskinesia on balance and pulmonary health in young adults: Cross-sectional observational study

Purpose. To evaluate balance abilities and respiratory system health in undergraduate students (young adults) with scapular dyskinesia. Methods. 141 sedentary students [65 men (46.1%): 76 women (53.9%)] voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional, observational study that included participants with scapular dyskinesia (group-I; n = 76), and normal control, age-matched subjects (group-II; n = 65). The evaluated variables included scapular dyskinesia (including the dyskinesis side and type) evaluated by the Lateral scapular slide test (LSST), balance (including the overall limits of stability, the limit of stability at the right and the limit of stability at the left) evaluated by the Biodex Balance System, and the pulmonary health variables (including the forced vital capacity “FVC”, the forced expiratory volume in one second “FEV1”, the FEV1/FVC% ratio, the maximum voluntary ventilation “MVV”, peak expiratory flow rate “PEFr” and the estimated “lung age”) using portable spirometer. Results. Among the seventy-six participants with scapular dyskinesia, there were 31 (40.8%) participants with right-side dyskinesia, 21 (27.6%) participants with left-side dyskinesia, 24 (31.6) participants with bilateral dyskinesia. Results showed that there were significant differences between groups I and II in the overall limits of stability (P = 116-3), Limits of Stability “Rt side” (P = 4-2), “Limits of Stability (Lt side)” (P = 2-2), the FVC (P = 1-3), the FEV1 (P = 8-3), and the lung age (P = 1-3). Conclusion. The balance abilities and the pulmonary health variables are significantly deteriorated in young adults with scapular dyskinesis.

Improving the Supraalar Groove Aesthetic Subunit and Lateral Crura Convex-Concave Deformity.

Lateral crura surface problems are one of the most difficult challenges in nose tip surgery. Closed Preservation Rhinoplasty (CPR) is a revolutionary concept keeping nose tip flexibility and elasticity. Solving lateral crura surface problems and keeping tip flexibility the surgeon will accomplish a sharper supraalar groove transition between the dorsum and the tip. The convex-concave lateral crura deformity (CCLCD) or S shape lateral crura is one of the biggest constraints to accomplish a beautiful tip and dorsum-tip transition (DTT). This deformity is the reason of commonly said parenthesis deformity of cephalic malposition. This LLC convexityconcavity shape creates a C shape shadow. This DTT is one of the key areas to accomplish natural results and it depends on different nose structures, not just the lower lateral cartilages (LLC). A total 560 rhinoplasty cases were studied retrospectively between September and December 2023. Three hundred and twenty patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients had follow-up at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. No secondary rhinoplasty was included. Just 2 secondary septoplasty cases were included without any nose skin undermining in the previous surgery. Surgical details were documented, including the 6 fundamental steps of this technique (1) mucosal lower lateral incision, (2) dorsum subperichondral dissection and vertical scroll release, (3) lateral crura tail caudal release, lateral crura steal and slide under flap lateralization, (4) upper laterals caudal resection, (5) vertical scroll reconstruction, and (6) turning point extension graft. Three hundred and twenty patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. 516 underwent a closed approach and 47 patients an open approach. All patients had subperichondral dissection of the hump envelope. All patients who underwent a closed approach had a low strip let down dorsal preservation technique. All patients who underwent an open approach had structural technique with spreader flaps or grafts at the keystone area. All the patients underwent their osteotomies with a piezoelectric device. Twenty-three revision surgeries were necessary. CPR taught us how important ligament and soft tissue preservation are. It taught the less damage you do to the nose soft tissues and scaffold the less support you need on it. Surgeons have been over grafting the lateral crura to solve postoperative problems mainly due to dissection problems and lack of lateral crura support. This paper shows how to solve lateral crura surface problems keeping the tip flexible and elastic creating also a nice and natural supraalar groove transition by applying 6 surgical manoeuvres.

The Correlation Between Cervical Proprioception and Scapular Dyskinesis in Patients With Neck Pain: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction Neck pain is common among office workers, and the assessment of cervical proprioception and scapular dyskinesis is key in the management of patients with neck pain. While some studies have shown the relevance of both factors in neck pain patients, the correlation between the two parameters has not yet been investigated. Hence, this study aimed to determine the correlation between cervical proprioception and scapular dyskinesis in workplacecomputer userswithout neck pain (control group) versus those with neck pain (case group). Methodology A case-control, correlational study was performed within office settings; based on the selection criteria, 88 participants were included and categorized into two groups consisting of 44 workplacecomputer users without neck pain in the control group (Group A) and 44 workplacecomputer users with neck pain in the case group (Group B). Cervical proprioception was evaluated by using the joint position error (JPE) test and scapular dyskinesis was assessed using the modified lateral scapular slide test (MLSST). Results There was a statistically significant difference in cervical proprioception and scapular dyskinesis between the case and control groups (p<0.001). Workplacecomputer users with neck pain showed greater JPEcompared to those without neck pain, and scapular dyskinesis was observed in the case group. Moreover, Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between cervical proprioception and scapular dyskinesis in workplacecomputer users with neck pain. Conclusions The present study provides guidance on the assessment as well as management of JPE with different positions of scapular dyskinesia. The evaluation of scapular dyskinesis is frequent clinically; given its positive correlation, managing JPE in neck pain patients is feasible.

Study to Assess Scapular Dyskinesia in Older Adults of Ahmedabad

Background: A big proportion of older citizens are more vulnerable to aging, which leads in poor health and degenerative changes in various joints, which, when combined with muscle mass loss, makes daily activities harder for the elderly. Muscle mass and strength significantly deteriorate with age. The muscles that surround the scapula in the upper limb offer proximal stability during ADL activities. The muscle atrophy around the scapula makes the ADL action unsteady. The survey was carried out to assess scapular Dyskinesia in elderly Ahmedabad residents. METHODOLOGY: 40 Older peoples, above the age of 60 years old male were selected by convenient sampling. An observational study was conducted. Participants was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The modified lateral scapular slide test assessed individually and measure the difference scapular position in three different positions. RESULT: The participant mean age was 69.65 years, with 40 male people were evaluated. In general, the modified lateral scapular sliding test was used to assess older persons in Ahmedabad for scapular Dyskinesia. In which we discovered three sites of scapular Dyskinesia. In position 1, 62.5% of participants had a discrepancy of more than 1.5 cm. In position 2, 52.5% of people had a discrepancy of more than 1.5 cm. In position 3, 55% of people had a discrepancy of more than 1.5 cm. CONCLUSION The average 62.5% of older people had scapular dyskinesia. Keywords: Scapular Dyskinesia, modified lateral scapular slide test, older people.

Efficacy of head postural correction program on craniovertebral angle, scapular position, and dominant hand grip strength in forward head posture subjects: A randomized controlled trial.

Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural disorder that alters shoulder function. This study examined the efficacy of a corrective program involving postural correction exercises (PCEs), scapular stabilization exercises (SSEs), and kinesiotaping (KT) on improving craniovertebral angle (CVA), scapular position, and dominant hand grip strength (HGS) in individuals with FHP. Sixty subjects (8 males and 52 females, 18-40years old) were randomly allocated into four equal groups: Group A: received PCEs only, Group B: received PCEs and SSEs, Group C: received PCEs and KT, Group D: received PCEs, SSEs and KT. All subjects received treatment for 4weeks (4 times/week) and postural advice. Outcome measures included cranio-vertebral angle (CVA), scapular position using Lateral Scapular Slide Test and dominant HGS using a CAMRY dynamometer that were assessed at baseline and 4weeks post intervention. Comparing all groups post training revealed that there were statistically significant increases (p<0.05) in all measured variables (CVA, scapular position and dominant HGS) in favor of group (D). Combination of PCEs, SSEs and KT interventions has achieved the best gains in terms of CVA, dominant HGS and regaining optimal scapular position in FHP subjects.

EFFECT OF SCAPULAR TAPING ON PAIN, DISABILITY AND PROPRIOCEPTION IN SUBJECTS WITH SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Context: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS) is a common clinical condition in general practice and overhead athletes. Alterations in the scapular position can lead to shoulder impingement syndrome. The effect of exercises on shoulder impingement syndrome is studied but the effect of Kinesiotape is not well explored. Methods: A total of 42 participants were included in the study. The subjects were assessed for SPADI, pain, proprioception, lateral scapula slide test, and pectoral minor length test at the baseline and the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group ([Formula: see text] = 18) received scapular taping and scapular exercises and the control group ([Formula: see text] = 17) received scapular exercises only. Post-outcome measures were taken at 4 weeks and 12 weeks during the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the outcome measures and Bonferroni’s test was used to determine the pairwise comparisons at different measurement levels amongst experimental and control groups. Results: The study consisted of 17 males and 18 females. There was statistical significance in both groups ([Formula: see text] &lt; 0.01) over the 4th and 12th weeks. Pain ([Formula: see text] &lt; 0.01) and proprioception ([Formula: see text] = 0.017) was also statistically significant between both the groups at 4 weeks. Conclusion: This study concludes that scapular taping can be used as an adjunct with scapular involvement.

The Validity and Reliability of a Real-Time Biofeedback System for Lumbopelvic Control Training in Baseball Players.

This study validates real-time biofeedback for lumbopelvic control training in baseball. The lumbopelvic region is crucial for generating kinetic energy in pitching. Real-time biofeedback enhances training effectiveness and reduces injury risk. The validity and reliability of this system were examined. This study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the real-time biofeedback system for lumbopelvic control training. Twelve baseball players participated in this study, with data collected in two sessions separated by a week. All participants needed to do the lateral slide exercise and single-leg squat exercise in each session. Pelvic angles detected by the real-time biofeedback system were compared to the three-dimensional motion capture system (VICON) during training sessions. Additionally, pelvic angles measured by the biofeedback system were compared between the two training sessions. The real-time biofeedback system exhibited moderate to strong correlations with VICON in both exercises: lateral slide exercise (r = 0.66-0.88, p < 0.05) and single-leg squat exercise (r = 0.70-0.85, p < 0.05). Good to excellent reliability was observed between the first and second sessions for both exercises: lateral slide exercise (ICC = 0.76-0.97) and single-leg squat exercise (ICC = 0.79-0.90). The real-time biofeedback system for lumbopelvic control training, accurately providing the correct pelvic angle during training, could enhance training effectiveness.

Mobile medial pivot (lateral slide)-type total knee arthroplasty exhibited different motion patterns between under anaesthesia and weight-bearing condition.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which has medial pivot and mobile-bearing mechanisms, has been developed and clinically used. However, the in vivo dynamic kinematics of the mobile medial pivot-type TKA (MMPTKA) is unclear. This study analysed the in vivo kinematics of MMPTKA in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing conditions. The study included 10 knees that underwent primary TKA using MMPTKA. After TKA, lateral view radiographs of the knee in full extension, 90° of flexionand passive full flexion were taken under general anaesthesia in the nonweight-bearing condition. At least 6 months postoperatively, knee motion during squatting from a weight-bearing standing position was observed using a flat-panel detector and analysed using the three-dimensional-to-two-dimensional image registration technique. Under anaesthesia: in passive full flexion, the anteroposterior (AP) locations of the femoral component's medial and lateral distal points were 10.2 and 16.0 mm posterior, and the rotational angles of the femoral component's X-axis (FCX) and insert were 8.1° external rotation and 18.5° internal rotation to full extension, respectively. Squatting: the AP translations of the femoral component's medial and lateral most distal points were 2.2 and 6.4 mm, and the rotational angles of the FCX and insert were 5.7° and 1.6° external rotation, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the AP translation of the femoral component's medial and lateral most distal points and changes in the insert's rotational angle when comparing under anaesthesia and squatting. The kinematics of the insert in MMPTKA was significantly influenced by loading and muscle contraction. The femoral component exhibited substantial external rotation and posterior translation under anaesthesia, which may contribute to achieving an optimal range of motion. The insert remained relatively stable during squatting and minimal rotation was observed, indicating good stability. MMPTKA was expected to demonstrate rational kinematics by incorporating mobile and medial pivot mechanisms. Level IV,prospective biomechanical case series study.

Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on scapular dyskinesis in patients with subacute stroke

Objectives: The objective of this was to compare the effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) hold-relax technique on pain severity, range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder, shoulder disability, and scapular asymmetry in stroke patients with scapular dyskinesis. Methods: The study used a randomized clinical trial design including 46 patients ranging from 40 to 60 years with at least five months of stroke with type-1 scapular dyskinesia. The participants were divided into two groups, taking the upper limb Diagonal 1 (D1) flexion pattern and Diagonal 2 (D2) flexion pattern, respectively, which were allocated by consecutive sampling using the lottery method. We used a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, goniometry for shoulder ROM, shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) for shoulder disability, and lateral scapular slide test for scapular asymmetry. Results: D1 flexion and D2 flexion both improved the ROM in both groups (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased pain and disability, while in-between comparisons did not find a significant difference between the effectiveness of both treatments in terms of pain measured by VAS, ROM, that is, flexion, extension, and abduction (P &gt; 0.05). In terms of external and internal rotation, the D1 flexion pattern of PNF techniques showed more improvement as compared to D2 flexion (P &lt; 0.05). While in terms of SPADI, D2 flexion showed more improvement as compared to D1 flexion (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Scapular PNF substantially influences stroke patients’ shoulder discomfort and ROM.

Comparing shoulder proprioception, upper extremity dynamic stability, and hand grip strength in overhead athletes with and without scapular dyskinesis

IntroductionScapular dyskinesis is prevalent among asymptomatic athletes, particularly those involved in overhead activities, and can significantly impact their neuromuscular control. These changes may impair upper extremity function and strength, elevating the risk of injury. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate how scapular dyskinesis affects shoulder proprioception, upper extremity dynamic stability, and hand grip strength in overhead athletes. This study compared these parameters between overhead athletes with and without scapular dyskinesis. MethodsThe study included twenty asymptomatic professional overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis and twenty without scapular dyskinesis, identified using the lateral scapular slide test. In this cross-sectional study, shoulder active joint position sense, serving as shoulder proprioception, was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Upper extremity dynamic stability and hand grip strength were evaluated using an upper quarter modified star excursion balance test (UQ-mSEBT) and a handheld dynamometer. ResultsThe study found that the shoulder active joint position sense was significantly lower in the scapular dyskinesis group compared to the group without scapular dyskinesis (PExternal Rotation = 0.003, PInternal Rotation < 0.001, and PForward Flexion = 0.002). However, the two groups had no significant differences in UQ-mSEBT and hand grip strength scores. ConclusionsThe results showed that scapular dyskinesis could affect the sense of shoulder active joint position among asymptomatic overhead athletes. However, it did not affect their upper extremity dynamic stability and hand grip strength.

Relationship between Upper Limb Functional Assessment and Clinical Tests of Shoulder Mobility and Posture in Individuals Participating in Recreational Strength Training.

The upper limb is crucial for functioning in everyday life, thus comprehensive assessment is crucial for physically active people to monitor the effect of exercise and prevent injuries. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between upper limb function, shoulder mobility, and posture in individuals who participate in recreational strength training. Thirty-four subjects who engaged in strength training of the upper limbs were divided into two groups: Group 1 (exercise < 3 years) and Group 2 (exercise ≥ 3 years). Lateral scapular slide tests, head and clavicle posture evaluations, and shoulder mobility and closed kinetic chain tests were performed. Group 1 had a greater flexion deficit in both shoulders than Group 2. There was greater external rotation in the non-dominant shoulder and a greater score of the closed kinetic chain test in Group 2 compared to Group 1. There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding scapula, clavicle, and head posture. The closed kinetic chain test was correlated with a scapula position and symmetry in shoulder flexion in Group 2. Long-term strength training of the upper limbs can be recommended to improve functional abilities in the closed kinetic chain, increase shoulder mobility, and reduce asymmetry.

The Effect of Suspension Training on Some Factors Related to the Shoulder Injuries in Athletes with Scapular Dyskinesis

This study aimed to examine the effect of suspension training on some factors related to the shoulder injuries in athletes with scapular dyskinesis. The present study employed a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. Thirty male athletes with scapular dyskinesis were randomly allocated into either the training or control group, with 15 individuals in each. Identification of scapular dyskinesis was conducted through the utilization of a lateral scapular slide test. During the pre-test stage, the shoulder joint muscles strength, proprioception and functional stability, were assessed via manual dynamometer, upper body functional balance test, and imaging methods, respectively. Subsequently, the training group participated in an 8-week suspension training, with three sessions per week. Following the 8-week intervention period, all participants underwent the same measurements administered during the pre-test stage. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level of P≤0.05 to analyze the research findings. The findings from the two-way analysis of variance indicated that, during the post-test stage, the experimental group showed significant enhancements in muscle strength, functional stability, and accuracy of shoulder joint proprioception in comparison to the control group. The study's results suggest that suspension training used in this study can be employed to enhance shoulder muscle strength, functional stability, and accuracy of shoulder joint proprioception, which may assist in ameliorating disorders resulting from scapular dyskinesis. Furthermore, the findings imply that incorporating these exercises into training regimens could help prevent shoulder joint injuries.

Neck and Shoulder Pain with Scapular Dyskinesis in Computer Office Workers.

Background and Objectives: Computer office workers spend long periods in front of a computer, and neck and shoulder pain are common. Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is associated with neck and shoulder pain. However, SD in computer office workers has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of SD, neck and shoulder pain, disability, and working hours in computer office workers. Materials and Methods: In total, 109 computer office workers participated in this study. The results of a scapular dyskinesis test (SDT), lateral scapular slide test (LSST), neck disability index (NDI), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the neck and shoulder, and working hours were recorded. Results: Ninety-eight computer office workers (89.9%) had SD. Computer office workers with SD had significantly higher NDI (p = 0.019), neck VAS (p = 0.041), and dominant shoulder VAS scores (p = 0.043). The LSST results showed a significantly greater distance (p = 0.016) in participants with SD. Conclusions: The prevalence of SD was very high in computer office workers, and neck and shoulder pain were more prevalent in workers with obvious SD.

Effects of scapular exercises on trunk control ın patients with acute stroke: a double-blind randomized controlled study

Purpose/aimThe ability to perform routine tasks during reaching and activities of daily living (ADLs) is impaired as a result of deterioration in the postural adjustments after stroke. Trunk stability is needed to maintain balance, correct scapular position and posture while moving the upper extremity. The objective was to examine the effect of scapular exercises on the scapular stability, trunk control and ADLs.Materials and methodsPatients (50–85 years) with acute hemiparetic stroke were participated in this double blind randomized controlled study. The patients in both group were treated with the exercise program according to the Bobath concept and isometric scapular exercises were applied to the study group in addition to these exercises. The participants in both groups were taken into the physiotherapy program for 5 days and each program were taken 30 min. Patient assessment included Lateral scapular slide test (LSST), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Trunk Control Test (TCT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Reaching Performance Test (RPT).ResultsSignificant increases were observed distance in protraction, between protraction – retraction at 90° of shoulder abduction and flexion and retraction in 90° of shoulder abduction within both groups. Only the study group produced improvement in protraction of 90° of shoulder flexion (p < 0.05). While both groups achieved a significant improvement in TIS, MBI, RPT scores, TCT scores increased significantly only in study group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe adding isometric scapular exercises to the rehabilitation program significantly increased the effectivity of neurorehabilitation on increasing trunk control, independence during ADLs, reaching performance and reducing trunk impairment.

The effect of scapular muscles training using a suspension system in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain and scapular dyskinesia: a randomized clinical trial

Purpose: Non-specific chronic neck pain (NSCNP) is a major health problem. Scapular dyskinesia is one of the contributing factors to NSCNP. The suspension-type of exercise is a relatively new method used in rehabilitation of scapular dysfunction. The purpose of this pretest post- test randomized clinical trial was to study the effects of scapular muscles training using a prefabricated suspension system on improving pain, function, scapular muscle strength, and scapular position in subjects with non-specific chronic neck pain and scapular dyskinesia.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This was a quasi-experimental two groups pre-posttest clinical trial performed at an outpatient clinic. Fifty-two patients diagnosed with NSCNP, and scapular dyskinesia participated in this study. Their mean age was 24.46 5.32 years. They were randomized to receive either stretching exercises and manual scapular resistance (group A) or stretching exercises and scapular training using a prefabricated suspension system (group B). Researchers measured pain intensity using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), function using the neck disability index (NDI), scapular muscle strength using a handheld dynamometer, and scapular stability using the lateral scapular slide test (LSST). Twelve sessions were given to the individuals over a period of six weeks, and pre- and post-intervention outcome measures were evaluated.&#x0D; Results: Mann-Whitney test demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two groups after the intervention in terms of pain relief, functional improvement, or scapular stability (p&gt;0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between groups in favor of group B who received suspension- type exercise regarding improvement in scapular muscle strength (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: While superiority of one intervention cannot be concluded due to lack of a control group, using suspension type of exercise can be beneficial in improving the scapular muscle strength as compared to traditional exercise therapy, while both methods have similar effect on pain, function, and scapular stability in patients with NSCNP and scapular dyskinesia.

Effectiveness of Blackburn Exercise with Thoracic Extension Exercises Versus Thoracic Extension Exercise on Postural Hyper Kyphosis and Scapula Position in Young Asymptomatic Individuals - A Comparative Study

BACKGROUND: The spine is composed of two types of curvature: kyphosis and lordosis. Postural hyper kyphosis is the most common posture abnormality and can happen at any age. Causes are idiopathic, sedentary lifestyle, impairments, and aging. Abnormal posture has a detrimental effect on articular and muscular structures as it leads to muscular weakness and degenerative changes. It affects the muscular tension around the neck and shoulder; as it shifts the neck forward (muscle tightness) and the shoulder moves more internally, leading the upper back scapular muscle lengthening. This study uses a flexi-curve ruler to measure postural hyper kyphosis and lateral scapula slide test(LSST) to measure scapula distance. The Blackburn protocol is often used for shoulder and scapular impairments; in this study, the protocol is used to manage postural hyper kyphosis as it targets the same muscle groups that are in an altered state. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of Blackburn exercise along with thoracic extension exercise versus thoracic extension exercise on postural hyper kyphosis and scapula position in young asymptomatic individuals. METHODS: A comparative study included 70 samples, age between 18 and 28, divided into 2 groups. The degree of kyphosis was measured using a flexi curve ruler (fcr), and scapula distance was measured using a lateral scapula slide test (lsst) at three positions. Intervention was given for six weeks. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of data analysis, Group A's p-value for kyphosis angle is 0.5 and lateral scapula slide test at 0 degree is 0.735, at 45 degree is 0.1992, and at 90 degree is 0.536, showing significant improvement over another group. Conclusion: Blackburn exercises, along with thoracic extension exercises, were found to be effective in reducing the angle of kyphosis in the young population. Keywords: Hyper kyphosis, Flexi curve Ruler, LSST, Blackburn protocol.

The effect of a course of selected corrective exercises on posture, scapula-humeral rhythm and performance of adolescent volleyball players with upper cross syndrome

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the effect of a course of selected corrective exercises on posture, scapula-humeral rhythm and performance of adolescent volleyball players.Methods30 adolescent volleyball players with upper cross syndrome were purposefully selected and assigned into 2 control and training groups. The degree of back curvature was evaluated using a flexible ruler, forward head and forward shoulder size by photographic method, scapula-humeral rhythm by Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST), and performance by closed kinetic chain test. The training group performed the exercises for 10 weeks. After the exercises, the post-test was administered. To analyze the data, analysis of co-variance tests and paired t-test at the level of 0.05 were employed.ResultsThe research results showed that corrective exercises have a significant effect on abnormalities of forward head, forward shoulder, kyphosis, scapula-humeral rhythm and performance.ConclusionsCorrective exercises can be effective in reducing shoulder girdle and spine abnormalities and improving scapula- humeral rhythm and performance of volleyball players.

Effect of 4 Weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Scapular Alignment and Upper Extremity Motor Performance in Patients with Stroke: A Repeated Measure Design

Context: Stroke is the major cause for the impairments in adults, typically accompanying loss of motor function which leads to reduce the upper limb function and disturbance in scapular alignment. Aim: To study the effect of 4 weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on scapular alignment and upper extremity motor performance in patients with Stroke at the intervals of 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Settings and Design: This Repeated Measure Design study conducted in physiotherapy OPD and IPD. Methods and Material: After getting the approval from the ethical committee of college, 27 participants diagnosed with stroke were screened according inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written consent were taken from the participants parents and the procedure of the study was explained to the patient. Subjects were assessed using Lateral Scapular Slide Test, Palpation Meter and Fugl Meyer Motor assessment at baseline, 2 weeks and then 4 weeks after the treatment. Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation was given in two diagonals with 20 repetitions. Statistical Analysis Used: The analysis was done using GraphPad Instat 3. For analysing the comparison between Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, the Repeated Measure ANOVA along with posthoc test was used. Results: At the end of 4 weeks, Scapular alignment and upper extremity motor performance shows significant improvement (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: This study concludes that 4 weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique is effective intervention in improving scapular alignment and upper extremity motor performance in patients with stroke, with major improvement occurring in first 2 weeks. Hence, scapular PNF should be included in acute stage of stroke.

Effects of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Scapular Dyskinesis

Background: Scapular dyskinesis is termed as improper control of resting position and movement pattern of the scapula having connections with shoulder pain. PNF techniques are the methods of hastening the response of a neuromuscular mechanism through stimulation of proprioceptors. Objective: To find out the effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in the treatment of scapular dyskinesis. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted comprising of 26 patients recruited from District Headquarter Hospital and Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad. Patients were randomly allotted into 2 groups. Group A received scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Group B received conventional treatment group. Scapular dyskinesis was assessed through lateral scapular slide test. Visual Analogue Scale and Shoulder pain and Disability Index were used as outcome measures. The treatment was given for four weeks and there were 3 sessions per week. The data was collected at baseline and 4th week post treatment. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 23. Results: Within group analysis showed that improvement was observed for pain and shoulder disability in both group A (p=0.000) and group B (p=0.000). Between group analysis revealed significant improvement in pain from 8.23 +1.48 at baseline to 4.08 + 1.60 (p=0.000) and shoulder disability from 97.46+9.19, to 97.46+9.19 (p=0.000) at 4th week post treatment in scapular PNF group. Conclusion: Significant improvement in VAS and SPADI was observed in scapular PNF group as compared to conventional treatment. Keywords: Scapular Dyskinesis, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Shoulder Pain, Visual Analog Scale

Does Taping Have an Immediate Effect on Shooting the Target?

In overhead shooting athletes may have increased activity of the upper trapezius and inhibition of other shoulder muscles active during upper extremity elevation. In this study, we aimed to increase target retention and shoulder proprioception sense accuracy by taping in a way that would activate the lower trapezius muscle in elite adolescent archers. Our participants were 43 elite young athletes, aged 11-14 years, from the Archers Foundation Sports Club. We gathered athletes' sociodemographic information (age, height, weight, gender, the time they were engaged in archery, and other sports they were involved in), and we assessed their posture via the New York Posture Scale (NYPS) before taping. We evaluated them for the presence of scapular asymmetry using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) and assessed their proprioception with the active displacement test and their target-reaching performances with the Archery Shooting Score (ASS). Since testing and scoring with the ASS is different for 11-12 and 13-14 age groups, we divided this sample into two different age groups for all analyses. There were significant changes in ASS and proprioception in both age groups, with medium to large effect sizes. There were between intragroup pre- and post-taping changes in classification according to the presence of scapular asymmetry, and there were significant changes in the archery shooting score and proprioception in both groups, with medium to large effect sizes (p < 0.05). Thus, taping applied to the lower part of the trapezius had a large to medium effect on proprioception and shooting accuracy improvement in these young archers.